Download 231musclelist_0

BI 231 - Anatomy and Physiology 1
Muscle List
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Muscle
frontalis (frontal belly of
occipitofrontalis)
orbicularis oculi
Origin(s)
epicranial aponeurosis
medial margin of orbit
Insertion(s)
skin of eyebrow, bridge of
nose
skin around eyelid
Action(s)
raises eyebrows, wrinkles
forehead
closes eye
zygomaticus
zygomatic bone
corner of mouth
orbicularis oris
maxillary bone & mandible
lips
buccinator
orbicularis oris
masseter
molar regions of maxilla &
mandible
zygomatic arch
temporalis
temporal bone
platysma
fascia of chest & neck
sternocleidomastoid
manubrium of sternum &
clavicle
mandible & mastoid
process of temporal bone
styloid process of
temporal bone
medial surface of
mandible
mastoid process of
temporal bone
hyoid
retracts and elevates
corner of mouth (smiling)
compresses, purses lips
(kissing)
compresses cheeks
(whistling)
elevates mandible &
closes jaw (primary
muscle of mastication)
elevates mandible, closes
jaw
tenses skin of neck &
depresses lower lip /
mandible (frowning)
flexes neck & rotates head
manubrium of sternum &
clavicle
manubrium of sternum &
1st costal cartilage
hyoid
elevates floor of mouth
and hyoid bone;
depresses mandible
depresses hyoid & larynx
thyroid cartilage of larynx
depresses hyoid & larynx
transverse processes of
cervical vertebrae
superior surfaces of ribs 1
and 2
elevate ribs or flex neck
digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
scalenes
lateral surface of
mandibular ramus and
angle
coronoid process of
mandible
mandible & skin of cheek
hyoid
hyoid
depresses mandible &
elevates larynx
elevates larynx
Muscles of the Shoulder and Anterior Thorax
Muscle
serratus anterior
Origin(s)
upper ribs (1-9)
Insertion(s)
scapula
pectoralis major
clavicle, sternum & ribs (26)
pectoralis minor
upper ribs (3-5)
greater tubercle &
intertubercular groove of
the humerus
coracoid process of
scapula
deltoid
clavicle & scapula
deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
Action(s)
protracts shoulder; upward
rotation of scapula
flexes, adducts, & medially
rotates humerus
depresses and protracs
shoulder; downward
rotation of scapula;
elevates ribs
prime mover of humerus
abduction; aids in flexion,
extension, and rotation of
the humerus
1
latissimus dorsi
teres major
spinous processes of
inferior thoracic and all
lumbar vertebrae, ribs (812) & iliac crest
inferior angle of scapula
teres minor
lateral border of scapula
subscapularis
subscapular fossa of
scapula
intertubercular groove of
humerus
extends, adducts, &
medially rotates humerus
intertubercular groove of
humerus
greater tubercle of
humerus
extends, adducts, &
medially rotates humerus
laterally rotates humerus
lesser tubercle of humerus
medial rotation of
humerus
Muscles of the Posterior Thorax
Muscle
levator scapulae
Origin(s)
transverse processes of
cervical vertebrae (1-4)
Insertion(s)
scapula
Action(s)
elevates scapula
infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa of
scapula
greater tubercle of
humerus
lateral rotation of humerus
supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of
scapula
greater tubercle of
humerus
abduction of the humerus
rhomboid major
spinous processes of
upper thoracic vertebrae
spinous processes of
vertebrae C7 to T1
occipital bone, ligamentum
nuchae, and spinous
processes of all thoracic
vertebrae
iliac crest, vertebrae, and
ribs 3-6
medial border of scapula
adducts scapula &
downward rotation
adducts scapula &
downward rotation
elevates, retracts,
depresses, or rotates
scapula; elevates clavicle;
extends neck
extends vertebral column
and/or neck; lateral flexion
of vertebral column
rhomboid minor
trapezius
erector spinae (really 3
groups of muscles)
medial border of scapula
clavicle & acromion and
spine of scapula
ribs and vertebrae above
the origin
Muscles of the Body Wall
Muscle
rectus abdominis
pubis
Insertion(s)
costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
& xiphoid process of
sternum
Action(s)
depresses ribs, flexes
vertebral column
external oblique
ribs 5-12
iliac crest & linea alba
internal oblique
iliac crest and lumbodorsal
fascia
inferior ribs, xiphoid
process & linea alba
transversus abdominis
iliac crest, lower ribs (612), and lumbodorsal
fascia
inferior border of each rib
linea alba & pubis
compresses abdomen,
depresses ribs & flexes
spine
compresses abdomen,
depresses ribs & flexes
spine
compresses abdomen
superior border of rib
below
elevates ribs during
inspiration
external intercostals
Origin(s)
2
internal intercostals
superior border of each rib
inferior border of rib above
depresses ribs during
expiration
quadratus lumborum
iliac crest and iliolumbar
ligament
last rib and transverse
processes of lumbar
vertebrae
together, depress ribs;
alone flexes vertebral
column laterally
diaphragm
xiphoid process, cartilages
of ribs 4-10, anterior
surfaces of lumbar
vertebrae
central tendonous sheet
contraction expands
thoracic cavity,
compresses
abdominopelvic cavity
Muscles of the Arm
Muscle
biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
triceps brachii
Origin(s)
coracoid process of
scapula
anterior distal surface of
humerus
humerus (ridge superior to
lateral epicondyle)
scapula & humerus
Insertion(s)
radial tuberosity
coronoid process of ulna
Action(s)
flexes forearm at elbow &
supinates forearm
flexes forearm at elbow
styloid process of radius
flexes forearm at elbow
olecranon process of ulna
extends forearm at elbow
Muscles of the Forearm
Muscle
supinator
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi radialis
longus
extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum
superficialis
extensor digitorum
Origin(s)
lateral epicondyle of
humerus and ulna
medial epicondyle of
humerus & coronoid
process of ulna
medial epicondyle of
humerus
medial epicondyle of
humerus & ulna
humerus
lateral epicondyle of
humerus & ulna
medial epicondyle of
humerus & anterior of ulna
and radius
lateral epicondyle of
humerus
radius
Insertion(s)
Action(s)
supinates forearm
radius
pronates forearm
base of 2nd & 3rd
metacarpals
pisiform, hamate, & base
of 5th metacarpal
base of 2nd metacarpal
flexes & abducts wrist
base of 5th metacarpal
extends & adducts wrist
midlateral surface of
phalanges 2-5
flexes digits 2-5 and wrist
posterior surface of
phalanges 2-5
extends digits 2-5 and
wrist
flexes & adducts wrist
extends & abducts wrist
Muscles of the Hip
Muscle
iliopsoas (= iliacus +
psoas major)
gluteus maximus
Origin(s)
vertebrae (T12-L5) & iliac
fossa
Iliac crest, sacrum, &
coccyx
Insertion(s)
lesser trochanter of femur
Action(s)
flexes thigh at hip
femur & iliotibial tract
extends & laterally rotates
thigh
3
gluteus medius
iliac crest
greater trochanter of
femur
greater trochanter of
femur
iliotibial tract
gluteus minimus
ilium
tensor fasciae latae
iliac crest & anterior
superior iliac spine
adductor longus
inferior ramus of pubis
linea aspera of femur
adductor brevis
inferior ramus of pubis
linea aspera of femur
adductor magnus
inferior ramus of pubis &
ischial tuberosity
linea aspera of femur
abducts & medially rotates
thigh
abducts & medially rotates
thigh
flexes and medially rotates
thigh; tenses fascia lata
which laterally supports
the knee
adducts, flexes, & medially
rotates thigh
adducts, flexes, & medially
rotates thigh
adducts, flexes & medially
rotates thigh
Muscles of the Thigh
Muscle
rectus femoris
Origin(s)
anterior inferior iliac spine
& rim of acetabulum
entire linea aspera of
femur
proximal half of linea
aspera of femur
anterior and lateral
surface of femur
ischial tuberosity & linea
aspera
Insertion(s)
tibial tuberosity via patellar
tendon
tibial tuberosity via
patellar tendon
tibial tuberosity via
patellar tendon
tibial tuberosity via
patellar tendon
lateral condyle of tibia &
fibular head
semimembranosus
ischial tuberosity
medial condyle of tibia
semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
tibia
gracilis
inferior ramus of pubis
tibia
sartorius
anterior superior iliac
spine
medial surface near tibial
tuberosity
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
biceps femoris
Action(s)
extends lower leg at knee
& flexes thigh at the hip
extends lower leg at knee
extends lower leg at knee
extends lower leg at knee
flexes lower leg at knee,
extends & laterally rotates
thigh
flexes lower leg at knee,
medially rotates lower leg,
& extends thigh at hip
flexes lower leg at knee,
medially rotates lower leg,
& extends thigh at hip
flexes lower, and medially
rotates leg at knee,
adducts thigh at hip
flexes, abducts, and
laterally rotates thigh at
hip, flexes lower leg at
knee
Muscles of the Leg
Muscle
gastrocnemius
Origin(s)
condyles of femur
Insertion(s)
calcaneous via calcaneal
tendon
soleus
proximal tibia and fibula
calcaneous via calcaneal
tendon
Action(s)
plantar flexes foot, flexes
lower leg at knee (when
foot is dorsiflexed)
plantar flexes foot
4
popliteus
lateral condyle of femur
posterior surface of
proximal tibial shaft
medial rotation of tibia;
flexion at knee
peroneus (fibularis) longus
lateral condyle of tibia &
fibula
base of 1st metatarsal &
medial cuneiform bone
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
tibialis anterior
fibula
lateral condyle of tibia
tibialis posterior
tibia and fibula
base of 5th metatarsal
base of 1st metatarsal &
medial cuneiform bone
tarsals and metatarsals
plantar flexes & everts
foot; supports longitudinal
arch
plantar flexes & everts foot
dorsiflexes & inverts foot
flexor digitorum longus
tibia
extensor digitorum longus
lateral condyle of tibia &
fibula
inferior surface of
phalanges 2-5
superior surface of
phalanges 2-5
adducts, inverts, and
plantar flexes foot
flexes toes 2-5
extends toes 2-5
5