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Elements of Music
Clefs
 Found at the beginning of music.
 Tell the player whether to read treble clef or bass
clef.
 Treble also called G clef.
 Bass also called F clef.
 Treble clef instruments are flute, clarinet, trumpet,
saxophone.
 Bass clef instruments are trombone, baritone, tuba.
Musical Alphabet
 Lines of Treble clef.
– EGBDF
 Lines of bass clef.
– GBDFA
 Spaces of Treble clef.
– FACE
 Spaces of bass clef.
– ACEG
Tempo
 Speed of the music.
 Time signature
– tells the player how
many beats and which
note gets the steady
beat.
Tempo Markings
 Allegro.
– Fast
 Largo.
– Very Slow
 Moderato.
– Moderately
 Adagio.
– Medium Slow
 Larghetto
– Slow
 Bright.
 Andante
– Walking tempo
 March tempo
Dynamics
 Volume in music.
 Notated in letters: p, mp, f, mf, ff,pp.
 Crescendo/decrescendo.
 Diminuendo.
Rhythm
 Big beats are divided
 Whole rest = 4
into rhythms.
 Whole note = 4
 Half note = 2
 Quarter note = 1
 Half rest = 2
 Quarter rest = 1
Timbre
 Means tone color.
 It’s what makes a flute sound like a flute.
 Overtones.
Form
 How music is organized.
 Binary= 2 parts to a song.
 Ternary= 3 parts to a song.
 Rondo= One theme reoccurs
 Theme and variation= One theme, then the
theme is changed.