Download Muscle flashcards

Muscles Flashcards
1. Name four types of muscles
2. Which muscle type has long fibers that
contract a long way but are relatively
weak?
3. Name 3 types of PENNATE
MUSCLES
4. What type of muscle has many short
fascicles, is fairly strong, and insert on
one side of a tendon?
TYPES OF MUSCLES:
 PARALLEL
 PENNATE
 CONVERGENT
 CIRCULAR
PARALLEL MUSCLE
PENNATE (pinnate=feather)
1. UNIPENNATE
2. BIPENNATE
3. MULTIPENNATE
UNIPENNATE
5. What muscle type has fascicles that
insert into the tendon from both sides?
BIPENNATE
6. What muscle type has fascicles in
multiple bundles inserting on one
tendon?
MULTIPENNATE are the strongest; they are multitendon (biceps femoris; deltoid).
7. Which muscle type is the strongest?
Muscles Flashcards
8. What muscle type has more fibers than
parallel, the fibers come together on the
tip of a tendon, and contract a greater
distance than pinnate?
9. What does a Circular Muscle form?
10. Define ORIGIN
11. Define INSERTION
CONVERGENT MUSCLE

Circular Muscle forms SPHINCTER.
Origin: The region which usually doesn’t move when the
muscle contracts. Look at the biceps brachii; does the
shoulder move when I bend my arm (insertion)? No; the
shoulder = origin.
Insertion: The point of attachment that moves; bend arm,
radial tuberosity = attachment.
12. What is the main muscle for a particular AGONIST
action
13. called?
14. What is the muscle that helps the agonist SYNERGIST
(primary mover)?
Muscles Flashcards
15. What muscle does the opposite action of the
ANTAGONIST
prime mover?
16. What are the 3 types of muscle cells?
 SKELETAL
 SMOOTH
 CARDIAC
17. Which muscles are voluntary?
18. Which are striated?
19. Where is skeletal muscle found and
what does it do?
20. Where is cardiac muscle found and
what structure does it have that the
other muscle types do not have?
21. Where is smooth muscle found?
22. What happens to muscles after much
exercise?
23.
24. What happens to muscles after lack of
use?
25. What are characteristics of muscle
atrophy?
26. When smooth muscle contracts around
the intestines, the movement is called?
27. Fill in the table:
Skeletal
muscle
Involuntary
or
voluntary?
Striated or
nonstriated
Where is it
found?
Smooth
muscle
Cardiac
muscle
1) Skeletal
2) Skeletal and cardiac
Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and it moves the
skeleton
Cardiac muscle is only in the heart. It has intercalated
discs
Smooth muscle is found in almost all organs, such as
the stomach and uterus.
Exercise  HYPERTROPHY (Hyper=above
normal) (growth in size); can happen in two ways:
1. Increase in number of myofibrils
2. Increase in number of myofilaments
3. Increase in size of individual myofibers
NOTE: the number of myofibers does NOT increase
Lack of use  ATROPHY.
a) It is caused by lack of use
b) myofilaments within the muscle decrease in size
c) severe atrophy involves replacement of muscle
fibers with connective tissue
d) damaged nerve and immobilization in a cast can
cause atrophy
Atrophy does NOT involve loss of muscle cells
PERISTALSIS.
Invol
voluntary?
Striated or
nonstriated
Where is it
found?
Skeletal
muscle
Volun
Smooth
muscle
Involun
Cardiac
muscle
Involun
Striated
Nonstriated
blood
vessels,
uterus,
intestines,
bladder,
other
organs
Striated
Inserts
onto
bones
Myocardium
of heart
Muscles Flashcards
28. What is the molecular energy needed
for MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
29. What do the mitochondria need in order
to produce this energy?
30. What is OXYGEN DEBT?

ATP.

The mitochondria need oxygen and the sugars
that are in storage to produce this energy.
The amount of oxygen needed to replenish the
supply following anaerobic demand.

31. How do you know when you have it?

32. What is it that contracts in muscle?
33. What is the basic structural and
functional unit of skeletal muscle?
34. What is an example of an isometric
contraction?
35. What is an example of an isotonic
contraction?
36. What is HYPOtonia? What type of
hypotonia is there?
37. What group of disorders often present
with HYPOtonia?


You experience oxygen debt when you
continue to breathe heavily after exercising
The sarcomere
Sarcomere

Pushing against a wall

Lifting a weight



38. What is hypertonia? What two types of
HYPERtonia are there?
39. What autoimmune disorder often
presents with spasticity?
40. What generally causes muscle
fasciculations?
41. Does alcohol cause them?



Not enough muscle tone
Flaccidity
Lower motor neuron diseases (certain spinal
cord injuries and lesions, ALS/Lou Gehrig’s
Disease)
Excess muscle tone
Spasticity and Rigidity
Multiple sclerosis
42. What are the waste products of regular,
aerobic respiration? How do we get rid
of them?
43. What is the waste product of anaerobic
metabolism? How do we get rid of it?
 Diarrhea
 Dehydration
 Fatigue
 Benadryl
Alcohol does NOT cause them. It relaxes muscle
 CO2 and water. We exhale them

44. What stops us from being able to
continue performing anaerobic
metabolism (when you have to stop
sprint running and catch your breath)?
45. How do you test for clonus?

46. The presence of clonus indicates what
type of disorder?


Lactic acid. We breathe heavier to bring in
oxygen, which converts lactic acid into
glucose
Glucose depletion and buildup of too much
lactic acid.
rapidly dorsiflexing the foot. If the foot then
jerks 5 times or more, clonus is present.
Upper motor neuron disorder (Cerebral palsy,
spinal cord injury, and stroke)