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Overview
Analysis Strategy
Univariate
(One variable)
Bivariate
(Two variables)
Multivariate
(> 2 variables)
1
Overview
Univariate
(One variable)
Continuous
Variable
Central
Tendancy
Variation
Mean
Variance
(C.I., t-test,
Signed Rank
test)
Median
(Signed Rank
test)
Mode
Standard
Deviation
Range
Percentiles
Interquartile
Range
Categorical
Variable
Distribution
Plots
Frequencies
Plots
Normal
(Normality test)
Uniform
Histogram
Counts
Bar Graph
Box Plot
Frequencies
Pie Graph
Exponential
Stem Plot
Odds
…
Pareto
Graph
Dot Plot
Percentages
Line Chart
(C.I.,
z-test for proportion,
Goodness of Fit test,
Binomial test)
(Goodness of fit
test for testing
distribution)
Time Series
Plot
For paired sample design, t-test and signed rank test can be used to test for the mean of
the paired differences. In this case, the one variable is the paired difference.
2
Overview
Bivariate
(Two variables X & Y)
Categorical Y
Categorical X
Y-2 Categories
X-2 Categories
Y or X are
> 2 categories
Pearson’s
Chi-square
Pearson’s
Chi-square
Fisher’s
Exact
MantelHaenszel
McNemar's
Test
Continuous Y
Categorical X
Y-Normal
X-2 Categories
Y-Normal
X>2 Categories
Y-Non-normal
X-2 Categories
2 Independent
Samples
t-test
Wilcoxon
Rank-sum
Paired-Sample
Test (related
samples)
Signed-rank
Test (related
samples)
Y = Dependent, Outcome, or Response Variable;
Continuous Y
Continuous X
Y and X
Normal
Y-Non-normal
X>2 Categories
One-way
ANOVA
KruskalWallis Test
Scatter plot
Simple
Linear
Regression
Y or X
Non-normal
Spearman’s
Correlation
Pearson’s
Correlation
X = Independent variable, Explanatory variable
3
Overview
Multivariate
(More than two variables)
Dichotomous Y
Nominal Y
> 2 Categories
Ordinal Y
Multiple
Regression
Logistic
Regression
Multinomial
Logistic
Ordinal
Logistic
Analysis of
Variance
Discriminant
Analysis
Continuous Y
Y is “Time”
Survival Analysis
Multivariate Y
Life Table
Cox Proportional
Hazards Model
MANOVA
Factor
Analysis
Analysis of
Covariance
Y = Dependent, Outcome, or Response Variable;
Repeated
Measures
X = Independent variable, Explanatory variable
4
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