Download Ocean Zones

Monday, November 28th
Pg. 60 RTW: How has SONAR helped our
understanding of the Plate Tectonic theory?
Objective: I will be able to describe how the
invention of sonar contributed to an advanced
knowledge of the ocean bottom.
Agenda:
• Plate Tectonic Notes pg. 57/59
Homework:
• None 
Geology
&
The Sea Floor
• Plate Tectonic World Map
• Plate Tectonics- An Introduction
• Lithosphere-solid part of Earth (upper
mantle and crust)
• Hydrosphere-liquid part of Earth
• Coastlines, water depth & sediment
type are affected by the constant
movement of continents and rocks
World Ocean
4 Basins
• Pacific
• Atlantic
• Indian
• Arctic
Layers of Earth
• The Core- innermost iron rich layer-a
solid inner & a liquid outer
–Movement of liquid produces the
Earth’s magnetic field
• The Mantle- outermost solid layer
–Extremely hot
–Boiling point for rock
–Flows like liquid but very slow
Layers of Earth
• Crust= thin skin like layer, uppermost layer of the earth
• Oceanic Crust
–
–
–
–
3 miles thick
Sea floor
Basalt- a dark colored mineral
Denser
• Continental Crust
– 10-30 miles thick
– Granite- a light colored mineral
• **Think of continental & oceanic crust floating on mantle like icebergs
• Continental Crust- land
• Continental Shelf- gradual decline
• Continental Slope- sharp decline
• Continental Rise- levels out to meet sea floor
• Abyssal Plain/Deep Ocean
Narrow Shelf
Wide Shelf
• Alfred Wegener
–1912- Continental drift was proposed
• 1950’s-1960’s- evidence was found &
called Plate Tectonics
–Geologic change is CONSTANT
–Fossil, coal deposits, etc is evidence of
joined continents.
–This large land mass is known as Pangaea
Key Scientists in Plate Tectonics
• Alfred Wegener- Proposed the continental drift theory
• Eduard Suess- Proposed Gondowanaland
• Harry Hess & Robert S. Dietz- Proposed seafloor spreading
Tuesday, November 29th
Pg. 60 RTW: What is seafloor
spreading and what is one place it
occurs?
Objective: I will be able to describe how the invention of
sonar contributed to an advanced knowledge of the
ocean bottom.
Agenda:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyMLlLxbfa4
• Read, jot down notes, and answer questions.
Homework:
• None 
Today’s Assignment (show me when done!)
• Visit this site:
http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/EarthScience/6/The-Origins-of-Plate-Tectonic-Theory/65
• Read through ALL the sections, jot down notes (pg. 54),
and answer questions to test your comprehension while
you are reading.
• When done with reading all the sections scroll back to
the top and click “Quiz” and complete all the questions
to the best of your ability.
Wednesday, November 30th
Pg. 60 RTW: Name one abiotic and one biotic
thing in the room.
• Objective: I will be able to describe the abiotic factors and
label the following areas of the marine environment:
• Photic and aphotic
• Benthic (littoral, shelf, bathyal, abyssal, hadal)
• Pelagic (oceanic and nertic)
• Agenda
• Layers of the Ocean Project
• Begin research & start putting information on your poster
• Homework
• None 
An ecosystem includes both biotic and
abiotic factors.
• Biotic factors are living things.
•
•
•
•
plants
animals
fungi
bacteria
plants
• Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
•
•
•
•
•
moisture
temperature
wind
sunlight
soil
sunlight
moisture
Zones of the Ocean
• You will be assigned into one of the following ocean zones:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Supralittoral
Littoral
Sublittoral
Oceanic Photic
Oceanic Dysphotic
Neritic
Abyssal (Benthic)
Group’s choice
You will research:
1. What the zone encompasses
▫
Where it is, depth, etc.
2. Why it is named this
▫
Definition and any Greek or Latin roots
3. Abiotic factors in your zone
▫
Environmental factors
4. Biotic factors in your zone
▫
Living factors
5. Adaptations for this zone
▫
How have organisms adapted to the environment?
What your poster should look like:
______ Zone
Blue-ringed
octopus: biotic
Light: abiotic
Parrot fish: biotic
Information:
• This zone encompasses _____ part(s) of the ocean
• This zone is named this after the Greek word ____ which means ____
• Organisms need to be adapted in these ways to survive in this zone…
Biotic Factors:
Abiotic Factors:
Thursday, December 1st
Pg. 60 RTW: How does light (abiotic) affect
organisms (biotic)?
• Objective: I will be able to describe the abiotic factors and label the following
areas of the marine environment:
• Photic and aphotic
• Benthic (littoral, shelf, bathyal, abyssal, hadal)
• Pelagic (oceanic and nertic)
• Agenda
• Layers of the Ocean Project
• Finish putting information on your poster
• Gallery Walk (pg. 61)
• Homework
• None 
You will research:
1. What the zone encompasses
▫
Where it is, depth, etc.
2. Why it is named this
▫
Definition and any Greek or Latin roots
3. Abiotic factors in your zone
▫
Environmental factors
4. Biotic factors in your zone
▫
Living factors
5. Adaptations for this zone
▫
How have organisms adapted to the environment?
What your poster should look like:
______ Zone
Blue-ringed
octopus: biotic
Light: abiotic
Parrot fish: biotic
Information:
• This zone encompasses _____ part(s) of the ocean
• This zone is named this after the Greek word ____ which means ____
• Organisms need to be adapted in these ways to survive in this zone…
Biotic Factors:
Abiotic Factors:
Prefixes and Suffixes (pg. 61)
• Supra= above
• Sub= below
• Littoral= pertaining to the shore
• Photic= well lit
• Aphotic= absence of light
• Oceanic= open sea
• Benthic= bottom of the ocean
Friday, December 2nd
Pg. 60 RTW: Which ocean layer is your
favorite? Why?
• Objective: I will be able to classify and give examples of organisms as
planktonic (phytoplankton and zooplankton), nektonic, or benthic.
• Agenda
• Plankton Notes (pg. 61)
• Homework
• None 
Plankton
• Plankton = Free-floating organisms (drifters)
• Most abundant organisms in the ocean.
• Bottom of the food chain
• Two types: phytoplankton & zooplankton
Why do you think plankton are
important to the ocean’s
ecosystems?
Phytoplankton
• 1) Phytoplankton = autotrophic (photosynthesis provides their
energy); Always located near the surface
Types of Phytoplankton
• Diatoms:
• Single celled protists (kingdom)
• “pill box” structure made of SiO2 (silicon dioxide) with the living
organism inside
• Unique designs
• Reproduce by dividing in half
• We use these everyday!!!
• How?
Diatoms are responsible for
causing algae blooms
and changing the turbidity,
dissolved oxygen
and pH of the water.
Algae blooms are
both human induced
and naturally occurring.
Types of Phytoplankton
• Dinoflagellates: class Dinophycea
• Single celled protist (kingdom)
• Have two flagella
• Red tide is caused by an algae (dinoflagellate) bloom. Plankton
releases toxins into water. Responsible for massive
death/infection in fish and irritation to humans.
• Some are bioluminescent = light the wakes of waves
• Some are non-mobile and SYMBIONTS with other animals (corals,
giant clams, sea anemones)
= ZOOXANTHELLAE
Red Tide
Zooplankton
• 2) Zooplankton = heterotrophic (must obtain their food from outside
sources)
• located beneath phytoplankton, vertically migrate at night.
• More diverse than phytoplankton.
• Significance = provides a link between the phytoplankton, producers and the
larger fish below.
Types of Zooplankton
• Copepods: Kingdom = Animalia
•
•
•
•
•
phylum-Arthropoda,
Most valuable zooplankton
Use small jerky movements
Use antennae to slow sinking
Filter feeders of phytoplankton
Copepods link phytoplankton to the
rest of the food chain.
Fastest animal in the world.
• Holoplankton= organisms that remain in a planktonic state their
entire live
• Meroplankton= organisms that are only planktonic part of their lives
So why should I care…
Without plankton the entire marine ecosystem would
collapse!
• Primary Productivity
▫ 95% in the ocean is from phytoplankton
▫ Other 5% is from plants and chemosynthesis.
Other organisms:
• Benthic= marine organisms that live on or in the sea bottom
Other Organisms:
• Nektonic= marine organisms that can swim
Pg. 60 S.T.A.R.
1. What are the two types of plankton?
2. What type of plankton produce their own food?
3. ________ and _______ are types of phytoplankton.
Friday, December 2nd
Pg. 60 RTW: What is the difference between zoo- and
phytoplankton?
• Objective: I will be able to classify and give examples of organisms as
planktonic (phytoplankton and zooplankton), nektonic, or benthic.
• Agenda
• Study Guide
• Homework
• Unit 5 Test on Tuesday, December 6th