Download Name Date Period Introduction to Genetics Study Guide Multiple

Name _____________________________ Date __________________ Period ______________
Introduction to Genetics Study Guide
Multiple Choice.
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The “father” of genetics was
A. T.A. Knight
C. Gregor Mendel
C. Hans Krebs
D. None of the above
2. A genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring is called
A. dominant
C. recessive
B. phenotype
D. superior
3. The phenotype of an organism
A. represents its genetic composition
B. reflects all the traits that are actually expressed
C. occurs only in dominant pure organisms
D. cannot be seen
4. The chemical factors that determine traits are called
A. alleles
C. genes
B. traits
D. characters
5. True-breeding pea plants always
A. are pollinated by hand
B. produce offspring each of which can have multiple forms of a trait
C. produce offspring each of which can have only one form of a trait
D. are heterozygous
6. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
A. genetics
C. development
B. heredity
D. maturation
7. If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
A. homozygous for the trait
B. haploid for the trait
C. heterozygous for the trait
D. mutated
8. A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called
A. monohybrid
C. dominant
B. dihybrid
D. codominant
9. Mendel obtained his P generation by allowing the plants to
A. self-pollinate
C. assort independently
B. cross-pollinate
D. segregate
10. Which of the following is the designation for Mendel’s original pure strains of plants?
A. P
C. F1
B. P1
D. F2
11. The first filial (F1) generation is the result of
A. cross-pollination among parents and the next generation
B. crosses between individuals of the parental generation
C. crosses between the offspring of a parental cross
D. self-fertilization between parental stock
12. Offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding parents with different traits
A. are true-breeding
B. make up the F2 generation
C. make up the parental generation
D. are called hybrids
13. Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
A. flowering
B. gamete formation
C. the inheritance of traits
D. cross-pollination
14. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele
for that gene are called
A. multiple alleles
C. polygenic inheritance
B. incomplete dominance
D. multiple genes
15. A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. If the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to selfpollinate,
A. the offspring will be of medium height
B. all of the offspring will be tall
C. all of the offspring will be short
D. some of the offspring will be tall, and some will be short
16. Gregor Mendel removed the male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to
A. prevent hybrids from forming
B. prevent cross-pollination
C. prevent self-pollination
D. make controlled crosses between plants
17. An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called
A. hereditary
C. homozygous
B. heterozygous
D. a mutation
18. Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are
A. not inherited by offspring
B. inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring
C. determined by dominant factors only
D. determined by recessive factors only
19. Tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following
represents the genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
A. T
C. Tt
B. TT
D. tt
20. When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all
the offspring were tall because
A. the allele for tall plants is recessive
B. the allele for short plants is dominant
C. the allele for tall plants is dominant
D. they were true-breeding like their parents
Matching.
Match the letter on the right to the correct term on the left.
________ 21. In plants, the pollen joins with an egg from the same
plant so seeds have one parent
________ 22. The science that studies HOW characteristics are passed
from one generation to the next
________ 23. An allele that HIDES the presence of another allele
________ 24. The likelihood that a particular event will occur
________ 25. Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
________ 26. The genetic makeup of an organism
________ 27. Another term for heterozygous
________ 28. Filial generation; offspring from a cross between two P1
generation plants
________ 29. Different gene choices for a trait
________ 30. Parental generation in pea plants
________ 31. The appearance of an organism
________ 32. Another term for homozygous
________ 33. Offspring from a cross between two F1 generation plants
________ 34. An allele that is hidden by the presence of another allele
A. Heredity
B. Genetics
C. Alleles
D. Phenotype
E. Genotype
D. Self- pollinating
E. P1 generation
F. F1 generation
G. F2 generation
H. Pure
I. Hybrid
J. Dominant
K. Recessive
L. Probability
On the line next to each genotype, write HOM if it is homozygous or HET if it is
heterozygous.
35. DD __________
38. mm __________
36. aa __________
39. Ll
__________
37. Qq __________
40. HH __________
For each Punnett Square problem, write the parent genotypes. Then fill out the Punnett
Square, and answer the questions.
 In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over short (t). Show the cross between a homozygous
short plant with a homozygous tall plant.
Parent Genotypes: ________ and ________
Possible Offspring:
Genotypes: Phenotypes:
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
What is the probability the offspring will be tall? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be short? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be hybrids? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be homozygous dominant? __________

In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). Show the cross between a
homozygous dominant male with a heterozygous female.
Parent Genotypes: ________ and ________
Possible Offspring:
Genotypes: Phenotypes:
________
________
________
________
____________
____________
____________
____________
What is the probability that a baby will be black? __________
What is the probability that a baby will be white? __________
What is the probability that the baby will be heterozygous? __________
What is the probability that the baby will be homozygous dominant? __________
What is the probability that the baby will be homozygous recessive? __________

In fruit flies, red eyes (R) are dominant over white eyes (r). Show the cross between a
heterozygous red-eyed male with a white-eyed female.
Parent Genotypes: ________ and ________
Possible Offspring:
Genotypes: Phenotypes:
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
What is the probability that the offspring will have red eyes? __________
What is the probability that the offspring will have white eyes? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be heterozygous? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be homozygous dominant? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be homozygous recessive? __________

In pea plants, round seeds (R) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (r). Show a cross
between two heterozygous round seed plants.
Parent Genotypes: ________ and ________
Possible Offspring:
Genotypes: Phenotypes:
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
What is the probability that the offspring will have round seeds? __________
What is the probability that the offspring will have wrinkled seeds? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be heterozygous? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be homozygous dominant? __________
What is the probability the offspring will be homozygous recessive? __________

In four o’clock plants, red flowers (R) are INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT over white
flowers (W). Heterozygous plants show a blended intermediate phenotype of pink
flowers.
Make a cross between a heterozygous plant and a white plant.
Parent Genotypes: ________ and ________
Possible Offspring:
Genotypes: Phenotypes:
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
What is the probability that the offspring will have red flowers? __________
What is the probability that the offspring will have white flowers? __________
What is the probability that the offspring will have pink flowers?
What is the probability the offspring will be heterozygous? __________

In the ABO blood type system, the A and B alleles are dominant to the O allele, and A
and B are CO-DOMINANT with each other.
Make a cross between a man with AO genotype and a woman with AB genotype.
Parent Genotypes: ________ and ________
Possible Offspring:
Genotypes: Phenotypes:
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
________
____________
What is the probability that the offspring will have type A blood? __________
What is the probability that the offspring will have type B blood? __________
What is the probability that the offspring will have type O blood? __________