Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 16 Notes
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Understanding Weather.notebook May 08, 2015 Chapter 16 Understanding Weather Objectives Explain how water moves through the water cycle. Describe how relative humidity is affected by temperature and levels and of water vapor. Describe the relationship between dew point and condensation. List three types of cloud forms Identify four kinds of precipitation. The Water Cycle Water Cycle continuous movement of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back to the surface Condensation, Precipitation, Evaporation, Runoff, Transpiration Weather condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place condition of the atmosphere is affected by how much water is in the air Humidity the amount of water vapor in the air more moisture = more humidity humidity changes as the air's ability to hold water vapor changes hot air = increased ability to hold water vapor cold air = decreased ability to hold water vapor Why?????? water vapor moisture in the air evaporated water Relative Humidity ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold written as a % saturated air is holding all the water vapor it can relative humidity = 100% Factors Affecting Relative Humidity 1. Amount of water vapor 2. Temperature Psychrometer a tool used to measure relative humidity look on page 484 Condensation change of water vapor back to a liquid before it occurs, air must be saturated and then the saturated air cools Dew Point temperature at which a gas condenses into a liquid air is saturated Clouds collection of water droplets suspended in the air Cumulus Clouds cotton balls form when warm air rises usually will have nice weather Cumulonimbus Cloud thunderstorm cloud nimbus = produces rain Stratus Clouds clouds in layers cover large areas in the sky produced by a large body of air rising Nimbostratus Clouds dark stratus clouds that produce light to heavy rain continuous rain Fog stratus cloud Cirrus Clouds thin, feathery form when wind is strong https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMagDRCpJ14 Clouds Precipitation water in a solid or liquid form that falls to the Earth Rain most common cloud produces rain when the water drops become to large and fall Sleet forms when rain falls through a layer of freezing rain Snow when water vapor changes directly to a solid Hail forms in cumulonimbus clouds when updrafts carry water drops in the cloud, rain freezes, hail falls and water coats, process repeats https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SesRrocIFtc precipitation What is dew? Apr 179:12 AM 1 Understanding Weather.notebook May 08, 2015 Section 2 Air Masses and Fronts Key Concepts Identify the four kinds of air masses that influence weather in the US. Describe the four major types of fronts. Explain how fronts cause weather changes. Explain how cyclones and anticyclones affect the weather. Write down as many different qualities of air as possible. humid cold high pressure dry hot low pressure The air you are breathing today, was 100's of miles away yesterday. Weather changes happen due to interactions of air masses. http://video.about.com/weather/TypesofAirMasses.htm types of air masses Air Mass a large body of air where temperature and moisture content are similar throughout the air Cold Air Mass polar air cP Continental Polar cold and dry air that forms over land winter warm and dry air that forms over land summer mP Maritime Polar cold and wet air that forms over the ocean North Pacific Ocean Coast rain and snow winter cool, foggy weather summer North Atlantic Ocean cool with precipitation winter cool and fog summer Warm Air Mass warm air mT Maritime Tropical develops over warm areas in the Ocean not as wet as the maritime polar air mass Gulf of Mexico/Atlantic Ocean mild often cloudy winter hot humid summer cT Continental Tropical forms over deserts moves Northward clear, dry and hot weather summer Label each air mass. Answers 1. mP 2. cP 3. mP 4. mT 5. cT 6. mT Fronts boundary between air masses of different densities and usually different temperatures Cold Front cold air moves under warm air move quickly thunderstorms, heavy rain, snow cooler and drier than air it is replacing Warm Front warm air moves over cold gradually replaces the cold air drizzly rain bring clear warm weather Occluded Front forms when warm air is caught between two colder air masses coldest air pushes up warm air, then meets with the other cold air, then the colder one is slides under the warmer one cool temps and heavy rain or snow Stationary Front cold air meets warm air air masses remain separated which causes no wind many days of cloudy wet weather Air Pressure and Weather different areas of pressure have an affect on weather Cyclones lower pressure than the surrounding areas air masses come together and rise clouds and rain Anticyclone higher pressure than the surrounding areas air moves apart and sinks moving towards the lower pressure dry clear weather Apr 228:51 AM 2 Understanding Weather.notebook Section 3 May 08, 2015 Severe Weather Key Concepts Describe how lightning forms. Describe the formation of thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. Describe the characteristics of thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. Explain how to stay safe during severe weather. Thunderstorms small, quick, heavy storm that includes rain, strong winds, lightning, and thunder occur along cold fronts but it is possible to form other places Two conditions that must occur to produce a Thunderstorm: 1. Warm and moist air near Earth's surface 2. Unstable atmosphere surrounding air is colder than the rising air mass http://www.watchknowlearn.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=13364 Lightning electric discharge that takes place between two oppositely charged surfaces cloud and ground cloud to cloud two parts of same cloud energy is released and causes the air to expand very fast and that sends out sound waves Thunder Thunder the sound lightning makes Severe Thunderstorms include hail, high winds, flash floods, and tornadoes Tornadoes small, spinning column of air that has high wind speeds and low central pressure Funnel Cloud first part to develop in a tornado, hangs out of cloud, when it touches the ground it becomes a tornado Figure 4 page 498 How a tornado forms 1. Wind moving in two directions causes a layer of air in the middle to begin to spin like a roll of toilet paper. 2. The spinning column of air is turned to a verical position by strong updrafts of air in the cumulonimbus cloud. The updrafts of air also begin to spin. 3. The spinning column of air moves to the bottom of the cumulonimbus cloud and forms a funnel cloud. 4. The funnel cloud becomes tornado when it touches the ground. Hurricanes large, rotating tropical weather system that forms over the ocean and has winds at least 120 km/h or 74.56 mph http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101videos/hurricanes101 How do you stay safe? Stay indoors and away from windows Thunderstorm/Lightning Basement in windowless room Tornado Watch storm may occur Warning storm has been spotted How far away are you from the Thunder/Lightning? count how many seconds past from when you see the lightning to when you hear the thunder and then divide by 5 = number of miles away or divide by 3 = number of kilometers away Review Questions What is the relationship between lightning and thunder? thunder is the sound lightning makes as it expands the air to produce sound waves Explain why tornadoes often destroy buildings in their paths. strong winds Why do hurricanes not form over land? hurricanes get their energy from the evaporation of enormous volumes of water in warm, moist air Apr 279:46 AM 3 Understanding Weather.notebook Section 4 May 08, 2015 Forecasting the Weather Objectives Describe the different types of instruments used to take weather measurements. Explain how radar and weather satellites help meteorologists forecast the weather. Explain how to interpret a weather map. If you did not have the benefit of the weather forecast on the news, radio, TV, etc, how would you forecast the weather? Reminder low pressure usually indicates stormy weather and high pressure usually indicates clear weather. Weather Forecast prediction of weather conditions over the next 35 days Meteorologist someone who observes and collects data on atmospheric conditions to make weather predictions meteorologists use air pressure, humidity, precipitation, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction to make weather forecasts Instruments used thermometer measure air temperature barometer measure air pressure anemometer measure wind speed windsock/wind vane measures wind direction radar find location, movement and amount of precip weather satellites orbit's the Earth and provides images of weather systems track storms measure wind speeds, humidity, and temperatures at different altitudes Weather Maps Isobar connect points of equal of pressure Station Model model made with symbols and numbers that represents the weather data May 79:24 AM 4
