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Weather Chapter 24 Weather • Weather: is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time. • Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. There is a general worldwide movement of surface air from the poles toward the equator. Weather • Air Mass: a large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture content are similar • Air masses are classified according to their source regions. (Continental, Maritime, Tropical, Polar) Weather • Continental: dry • Maritime: moist • Tropical: warm • Polar: cold Weather Fronts • Front: a boundary between air masses • For a front to form, one air mass must collide with another air mass. Weather Fronts • Cold Front: the front edge of a moving mass of cold air that pushes beneath a warmer air mass like a wedge Weather Fronts • Warm Front: the front edge of advancing warm air mass that replaces colder air with warmer air Weather Fronts • Stationary Front: a front of air masses that moves either very slowly or not at all Weather Fronts • Occluded Front: a front that forms when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass and lifts the warm air mass off the ground and over another air mass Weather Fronts • Midlatitude Cyclone: an area of low pressure that is characterized by rotating wind that moves toward the rising air of the central lowpressure region Severe Weather • Thunderstorms: a usually brief, heavy storm that consists of rain, strong winds, lightning, and thunder Severe Weather • Lightning: when clouds discharge electricity. The released electricity heats the air, and the air expands rapidly and produces the loud noise known as thunder. Severe Weather • Hurricane: a severe storm that develops over tropical oceans and whose strong winds of more then 120 km/h spiral in toward the intensely low-pressure storm center Severe Weather • Hurricane: a severe storm that develops over tropical oceans and whose strong winds of more then 120 km/h spiral in toward the intensely low-pressure storm center Severe Weather • Hurricanes are the most destructive storms that occur on Earth. The most dangerous aspect is the rising sea level and large waves called a storm surge. (Typhoon- South Pacific) Severe Weather • Tornado: a destructive, rotating column of air that has very high wind speeds and that maybe visible as a funnel-shaped cloud. • Smallest, most violent, shortest-lived storm. Severe Weather • Tornados form when a thunderstorm meets high-altitude horizontal winds. These winds cause the rising air in the thunderstorm to rotate. Weather Instruments • Thermometer: an instrument that measures and indicates temperature • Barometer: an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure Weather Instruments • Anemometer: an instrument used to measure wind speed • Wind Vane: an instrument used to determine direction of the wind Weather Instruments • Radiosonde: a package of instruments that is carried aloft by balloons to measure upper atmospheric conditions, including temperature, dew point, and wind velocity Weather Instruments • Radar: radio detection and ranging, a system that uses reflected radio waves to determine the velocity and location of objects Forecasting the Weather • Station Model: a pattern of meteorological symbols that represents the weather at a particular observing station and that is recorded on a weather map
