Download Rock Terms--answers

Rock Terms
Rock
naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic
material
Rock Cycle
The continual process by which new rock forms from old rock material
Erosion
The process by which sediment is removed from its source
Deposition
The process in which sediment moved by erosion is dropped and comes to rest
Composition
The minerals a rock contains
Texture
The size, shape and positons of the grains that make up the rock
Intrusive igneous rock
When magma intrudes into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface and
cools
Extrusive igneous rock
When magma erupts or extrudes onto the Earth’s surface, cooling quickly and
containing small crystals or no crystals
Felsic
Light colored rocks that are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium,
silicon and sodium
Mafic
Dark colored rocks that are rich in calcium, iron and magnesium—are poor in
silicon
Magma
hot, liquid rock
Lava
Hot, liquid rock that comes to the Earth’s surface
Sediment
Rock and mineral fragments due to weathering
Clastic sedimentary rock
Made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral such as calcite or
quartz
Organic sedimentary rock
Include fragments of fossils, shells or other organic remains
Chemical sedimentary rock
Forms from the solutions of dissolved minerals and water
Strata
Layers of sedimentary rock
Stratification
The process by which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers
Foliated
The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in
planes or bands
Nonfoliated
The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in
planes or bands