Download IMF Notes - Westminster Public Schools

Westminster H.S.  AP Chemistry
Name _______________________________
Period ___ Date ___/___/___
10  Liquids & Solids
I M F N O T E S
Ideal gas particles have no ____________ (they are like mathematical points) and they have no
attractions between the particles, IMF’s = _________-______________ ___________ of attraction.
Real substances, DO have intermolecular forces holding the various particles together. This attraction
is the essence of Chapter 10 and is all explainable in terms of positive and negative charges attracting.
The big ideas for this chapter are:
 What types of solids exist and how are they related to the IMF’s?
Molecular Solids (individual particles)
Metals (extended crystal)
Ionic Solids (extended crystal)
Covalent Network Solids (extended
crystal)
Description
Examples
Properties
Description
Examples
Properties
 What are the various intermolecular forces of attraction and how do they relate in strength?
IMF/Type of Solid
London Dispersion Forces
Description
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Hydrogen Bonding
Ionic Attractions
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
a special case of dipole-dipole attractions. (Common examples include alcohols, amines, and
oxoacids.)
depend on the size of the atom’s electron cloud as well as the size and shape of the non-polar
molecule (hydrocarbons are non-polar molecules).
depend on the electronegativity differences (polarity) in a bond.
“induced dipoles” caused by “polarized electron clouds”.
depend on the size and charge of the ions involved (from old chapters).
Larger electron clouds are more polarizable. More contact between particles increases IMF.
 What physical properties of pure substances depend on IMF’s?
phase, MP/FP, BP, vapor pressure
These are all equilibria, balances between KE (temperature) and IMF’s
 Which IMF is associated with any given substance?
Non-polar molecules and noble gases only have London dispersion forces.
Polar molecules have London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole attractions.
Polar molecules with bonds between H-O-, H-N-, and H-F exhibit hydrogen bonding as well as
London dispersion forces.
Ionic substances have ionic attractions.
There are also metals and covalent network solids (C(graphite), C(diamond), SiO2, SiC, Si, B, WC, BN)