Download Chapter 6 Notes (muscle system)

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 6
The Muscular System
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
How many muscles can you identify? (indicated by arrows)
1
8
2
3
4
7
9
10
5
1
6
Answers!!!
1. Deltoid
2. Pectoralis Major
3. Biceps Brachii
4. Rectus Abdominis
5. Quadriceps
6. Hamstrings
7. Triceps Brachii
8. Trapezius
9. Gluteus Maximus
10. External Oblique
You will be able to do this!!!
Muscles and Body Movements
 Origin –
attachment to an
immovable bone
 Insertion –
attachment to a
movable bone
 Insertion always
moves toward
origin
Figure 6.12
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Slide 6.30b
Types of Muscles
 Prime mover
(agonist) – main
muscle(s) for
movement
 Synergist –
muscle(s) that aids
a prime mover
 Antagonist –
muscle(s) that
opposes prime
mover
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 6.35
Review Body Movements & Bone
Markings
(see pg 3 of notes)






•Dorsiflexion
Flexion
•Plantar flexion
Extension
•Inversion
•Eversion
Rotation
•Supination
Abduction
•Pronation
•Opposition
Adduction
•Depression
Circumduction
•Elevation
•Hyperextension
Slide 6.32
Naming Skeletal Muscles
 Location- tibialis anterior (front of tibia)
http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/Tibia
lisAnterior.html
Muscles Website
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Slide 6.36b
Naming Skeletal Muscles
 Shape- deltoid (triangular), trapezius
(trapezoid)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 6.36b
Naming Skeletal Muscles
Relative size- gluteus maximus (largest),
peroneus longus (long)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 6.36b
Naming Skeletal Muscles
 Direction of muscle fibers- rectus
(straight)abdominis, external obliques
(diagonal)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 6.36a
Naming Skeletal Muscles
Number of origins - triceps brachii
(three), biceps femoris (two)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 6.36a
Naming Skeletal Muscles
 Origin and insertion locationsternocleidomastoid (origins are sternum,
clavicle, & inserts on mastoid process of
temporal bone)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 6.37
Naming Skeletal Muscles
Actions- groups called flexors (flexes) of
forearm, adductors (adducts) of leg
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 6.37
Location of Superficial Muscles: Anterior
trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
flexors
Vastus intermediusunder rectus femoris
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Peroneus longus
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Figure 6.20
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Slide 6.43
Location of Superficial Muscles: Posterior
External obliques
magnus
Gracilis
Calcaneal tendon
Figure 6.21
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Slide 6.44
Head and Neck Muscles
Figure 6.14
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Slide 6.38
Trunk Muscles
trapezius
Latissiumus dorsi
Figure 6.15
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Slide 6.39
Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Triceps brachii
Figure 6.16
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Slide 6.40
Muscles of the Buttocks and Thigh
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus
gastrocnemius
gracilis
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Slide 6.41
Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
gracilis
Figure 6.18c
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Slide 6.41
Muscles of the Lower Leg
Peroneus longus
Figure 6.19
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Slide 6.42
Locations of Muscles
http://js082.k12.sd.us/My_Classes/Advanced_Biology/muscl
es.htm
Origins, Insertions, Actions of Muscles
http://getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/men
u.html
http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/grossanatomy/
dissector/mml/
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 6.42
Muscle Imbalances
Charleyhorse
Spasms; from overuse, injury, not having
enough fluids when working out,
decreased K+ or Ca+ (irritated nerve)
Strain
A pulled or
overstretched
muscle
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Slide 6.42
Muscle Imbalances
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle
mass
Atrophy
Decrease in
skeletal muscles
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Slide 6.42
Muscle Imbalances
Muscular dystrophy
A rhythmic involuntary
contraction of a vol. muscle
Muscular spasm, twitch
Inherited deteriorating
disease, missing
dystrophin protein
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Slide 6.42
Muscle Rehab and Prevention of Injuries
R
I
C
E
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stretching
Slide 6.42
Muscle enhancers
Anabolic steroids
Creatine phosphate
-increase ATP
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Slide 6.42