Download something that a scientist KEEPS THE SAME during

something that a scientist KEEPS THE SAME during an experiment
CONSTANT
something that a scientist CHANGES in an experiment
VARIABLE
what you are trying to find out in an experiment
QUESTION
what you predict will happen in an experiment
HYPOTHESIS
all the equipment and supplies needed for an experiment
MATERIALS
a detailed description of everything you did in an experiment
PROCEDURE
what you notice while conducting the experiment (data)
OBSERVATIONS
what you discovered or learned from the experiment
CONCLUSION
a non-living solid made up of a mixture of minerals
ROCK
a naturally occurring solid that has a specific make-up and a crystalline (pattern)
MINERAL
the color of the powder left behind when a mineral is rubbed against a streak plate
STREAK
the way a mineral's surface reflects light
LUSTER
a mineral's ability to resist being scratched
HARDNESS
rocks that form when melted rock cools down and hardens
IGNEOUS ROCK
the process where sediment settles out of water or is
dropped by wind
DEPOSITION
rocks formed when sediments are cemented together
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
rocks formed when heat & pressure change the rock
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
the process of breaking down and wearing away rocks by natural processes (wind, water)
WEATHERING
the process of wearing away and moving sediment by wind, water or ice
EROSION
the continuous process in which one type of rock changes into another type
THE ROCK CYCLE
a non-living solid that is made up of a mixture of minerals
ROCK
a natural land shape or feature
LANDFORM
all the kinds of landforms in a certain place
TOPOGRAPHY
a large, thick sheet of ice
GLACIER
a hill of sand, made and shaped by wind
SAND DUNE
a new area of land at the mouth of a river formed from sediments carried from the river
DELTA
a large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses!
SINKHOLE
blocks of crust and upper mantle rock that fit together like puzzle pieces
PLATES
movement of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy in Earth's crust
EARTHQUAKE
the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus (where the ground breaks in an
earthquake)
EPICENTER
a break in Earth's crust
FAULT
melted (also called molten) rock beneath Earth's surface
MAGMA
melted (molten) rock that reaches Earth's surface
LAVA
a mountain made of lava, ash, or other stuff from eruptions
VOLCANO
a hot column of magma under the ground
HOT SPOT
a long, low hill formed by materials carried by a
glacier
MORAINE
the blanket of air that surrounds Earth
ATMOSPHERE
the layer of air CLOSEST to Earth’s surface
TROPOSPHERE
the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on
Earth
AIR PRESSURE
movements of air that result from local (nearby)
changes in temperature
LOCAL WIND
global winds that blow constantly from the
same direction
PREVAILING WINDS
the process in which water continuously moves
from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and back again
WATER CYCLE
the process of a liquid changing into a gas
EVAPORATION
when a gas turns to a liquid
CONDENSATION
a measurement of the amount of water vapor in
the air
HUMIDITY
water that falls from the air to the Earth
PRECIPITATION
a large body of air that has the same
temperature and humidity throughout
AIR MASS
the border where two air masses meet
FRONT
the pattern of weather an area experiences
over a long period of time
CLIMATE
the star at the center of our solar system
SUN
an imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles
AXIS
to spin on an axis
ROTATES
to travel in a circle around something
REVOLVES
the path something takes when it revolves
ORBIT
an imaginary horizontal line around the middle of Earth's surface, equally distant fromt
he North and South poles
EQUATOR
any natural body that revolves around a planet
MOON
a bowl-shaped, low area on the surface of a planet or moon
CRATER
one of the shapes the moon seems to have as it orbits Earth (like crescent, half, or full)
MOON PHASE
an event that occurs when one object in space passes through the SHADOW of another
object in space
ECLIPSE
the bending of light
REFRACTION
a huge ball of very hot gases in space
STAR
a star and all the planets (and other objects) that revolve around it
SOLAR SYSTEM
a pattern of stars, named after a mythological figure, an object, or an animal
CONSTELLATION
a body that revolves around a star
PLANET
a grouping of gas, dust, and many stars, plus any objects that orbit those stars
GALAXY
contains EVERYTHING that exists (including stars, planets, gas, dust, and energy). It
goes on forever and ever.
UNIVERSE
the loss of water from a leaf through the
stomata
TRANSPIRATION
the process in which plants make food by
using water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, and energy from sunlight.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
a green pigment (color) that allows a plant to
absorb the sun’s light energy
CHLOROPHYLL
a living thing, such as a plant, that makes its
own food inside itself.
PRODUCERS
an animal that eats plants, other animals, or
both
CONSUMERS
a community of organisms (living things) and
the environment in which they live.
ECOSYSTEM
an animal that eats only plants (producers)
HERBIVORE
an animal that eats other animals (examples: bear, shark, human, lion)
CARNIVORE
the transfer of food energy between organisms
in an ecosystem
FOOD CHAIN
a consumer that obtains food energy by
BREAKING DOWN the remains of dead plants.
DECOMPOSER
a diagram that shows the relationships
between different food chains in an ecosystem
FOOD WEB
shows how much food energy is passed
from each level in a food chain
ENERGY PYRAMID
a group of organisms of one kind that live in one
location
POPULATION
a group of populations that live together
COMMUNITY
a kind of contest among populations that need
to get a certain amount of food, water, and shelter to survive.
COMPETITION
a trait or characteristic that helps an organism
survive
ADAPTATION
a relationship between different kinds of
organisms
SYMBIOSIS
an animal that kills and eats other animals
PREDATOR
an animal that is eaten by a predator
PREY
a gradual change in the kinds of organisms
living in an ecosystem
SUCCESSION
the death of all the organisms of a species
EXTINCTION
anything that dirties or harms the environment
POLLUTION
a mixture that falls to Earth; it is made of rain
and acids from air pollution
ACID RAIN
an area where an organism can find everything it needs to survive
HABITAT
using less of something to make the supply last longer
CONSERVATION
the process of cleaning and restoring a damaged ecosystem
RECLAMATION
anything that has mass and takes up space
MATTER
the amount of matter in an object
MASS
the amount of space an object takes up
VOLUME
the measure of how closely packed matter is in an object
DENSITY
one of 3 forms (solid, liquid, and gas) that matter can exist in
STATE OF MATTER
the state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
SOLID
the state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape
LIQUID
the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume
GAS
a blending of two types of matter that are not chemically combined—they can be
separated
MIXTURE
a uniform mixture of two or more substances in a single state of matter
SOLUTION
the measure of how much of a material will dissolve in another material
SOLUBILITY
a kind of mixture in which particles of one ingredient are held floating in another
ingredient
SUSPENSION
the smallest unit of an element
ATOM
made up of 2 or more atoms joined together
MOLECULE
a substance made up of only one KIND of atom
ELEMENT
a physical change when matter changes from one state to another
CHANGE OF STATE
a change in matter that does NOT result in a different substance
PHYSICAL CHANGE
a property that describes a substance by itself (color, shape, etc.)
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
a reaction (or change) in a substance produced by chemical means, that results in a
DIFFERENT substance—it cannot go back to the way it used to be.
CHEMICAL CHANGE
a property that involves how a substance interacts with other substances
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
another word for “chemical change”
CHEMICAL REACTION
a substance made of two or more different elements (combined together)
COMPOUND
the ability to cause change in matter
ENERGY
the energy of motion (movement)
KINETIC ENERGY
the energy an object has because of its position (stored energy)
POTENTIAL ENERGY
movement of energy from one place to another
ENERGY TRANSFER
energy from the SUN
SOLAR ENERGY
radiation that we can see
LIGHT
the combination of all the kinetic and potential energy that something has
MECHANICAL ENERGY
energy that is released by a chemical reaction
CHEMICAL ENERGY
energy that comes from an electric current
ELECTRIC ENERGY
the transfer of thermal energy between objects with different temperatures
HEAT
a group of separate elements that work together to accomplish something
SYSTEM
the transfer of heat from SOLID to SOLID
CONDUCTION
the transfer of heat through the movement of a GAS or LIQUID
CONVECTION
the transfer of energy by means of waves that move through matter and space
RADIATION
the bouncing of heat or light off an object
REFLECTION
the remains or traces of past life, found in sedimentary rocks
FOSSIL
any material that can be used to satisfy a need
RESOURCE
a resource that can be replaced within a reasonable amount of time
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
a resource that, once used, cannot be replaced in a reasonable amount of time
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE