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Human Anatomy
Study Guide: The Digestive System
Know the four basic functions of the digestive system.
Know the organs of digestion: two major groups 1) GI tract; 2) accessory digestive organs.
Oral Cavity
Sublingual salivary gland
Parotid salivary gland
Esophagus
Stomach:
Fondus
Body
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
Cardiac sphincter
Rugae
Pyloric sphincter
Small intestine: duodenum; jejunum, ileum
Omenta: lesser and greater
Ileocecal valve
Appendix
Large intestine: ascending colon; transverse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon; rectum; anus
Liver
Gallbladder: cystic duct
Pancreas: pancreatic duct
Know the basic structure of the alimentary canal:
Tunica layers- mucosa; submucosa; muscularis externa; serosa
Know the regions of the pharynx (relating to the digestive system); oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Know the structure and function of the small intestine – villus: columnar epithelial cells; globet cells; lacteal; and intestinal pit
Know types of teeth- deciduous and permanent
Know the specific types of permanent teeth:
incisors; canine; premolars (bicuspids); molars (wisdom); and emerging molar (as appears in lab model)
Know the specific parts and regions of the tooth:
Crown (enamel); neck; root (dentin); pulp cavity (pulp); root cana (nerve;blood vessels; lymph);
apical foramen; cementum; and alveolar processes in the jaw bone. Also, dental caries.
Know the salivary glands and terns associated- mucin; bolus; salivary amylase.
Know structure and function of liver and gallbladder –
Related terms: gallstones; jaundice; hepatitis; cirrhosis; (causes of each condition)
Know the pancreas- both endocrine and exocrine gland
Structures: pancreatic duct; pancreatic islets and acini
Know the enzymes of the salivary gland; stomach; pancreas; small intestine
Other terminology- peristalsis; chyme; process of absorption.