Download Biology

Biology
A&P / Ecology Unit
Organization of Life
• Life is organized
from the simplest
form to very
complex
• Cells, tissues,
organs, organ
systems,
organisms,
populations,
community,
ecosystem, biome
and biosphere
Tissues
• A group of cells
working together to
perform a function.
Organs
• A group of tissues,
working together to
perform a function.
Organ Systems
• A group of organs
working together to
perform a function.
Organisms
• A group of organ
systems working
together to maintain
a creature capable
of performing all
seven
characteristics of
life.
Population
• All of the members
of a species in a
specific area.
• A species is a group
of organisms that
look similar and can
produce fertile
offspring.
Community
• All of the organisms
in a specific area.
Ecosystem
• All of the living and
non-living things in
an area.
• Biotic – the living
part of an
ecosystem
• Abiotic – the nonliving part of an
ecosystem
Biome
• An area of earth
with similar climate
and geography and
organisms adapted
to live there.
Biosphere
• The part of the earth
where life is found.
Organism Relationships
• Organisms often have a variety of ways
they can interact with one another in
their particular ecosystem.
Predation
• One organism eats
another. One
organism benefits,
the other is harmed.
Competition
• Two organisms compete for a limited
resource. Both organisms are
adversely affected.
Parasitism
• One organism
benefits, while the
other is adversely
affected.
Mutualism
• Two organisms live
together and both
benefit.
Commensalism
• Two organisms live
together, one
benefits while the
other is not affected.
Nutrient Cycles
• Several nutrients
need to be cycled
through
ecosystems.
• These include water,
carbon, nitrogen
and oxygen.
Ecosystem Response
• Changes in climate,
the introduction of
non-native species,
pollution and fires
can cause changes
to ecosystems.
• Some changes are
positive, while
others are negative.
Limiting Factors
• Anything that limits the size of a
population.
• Examples are food, water, shelter or
specific habitat requirements.
Carrying Capacity
• The maximum population of a species
an ecosystem can support for a long
period of time.
Limiting Factors Potential
Effects
• If a limiting factor becomes scarce on a
global level, the end result could be
extinction.
Symmetry
• When parts of
something are
roughly mirror
images of
themselves.
• You can draw a line
of symmetry
showing where this
occurs.
Bilateral Symmetry
• Only one line of
symmetry can be
drawn.
Radial Symmetry
• Many lines of
symmetry can be
drawn in only one
plane.
Spherical Symmetry
• Many lines of
symmetry can be
drawn in many
planes.
Asymmetry
• No lines of
symmetry can be
drawn.
Asexual Reproduction
• Organisms that
reproduce without
exchanging genes.
• They are clones of
the original
organism.
• EX: binary fission
in bacteria or
budding in some
animals
Sexual Reproduction
• When organisms
exchange genes
during reproduction.
• It creates a new
combination of
genes.
• EX: most plants
and animals
Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy – the study
of the structures of
something.
• Physiology – the
study of the
functions of
structures.
• Different organisms
have different
structures for
surviving in their
ecosystem.
Earthworms
Sea Star
Fish (Perch)
Frog