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Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 1. Explain how the definition of the meaning of rational exponents follows from extending the properties of integer exponents to those values, allowing for a notation for radicals in terms of rational 1/3 exponents. For example, we define 5^1/3 to be the cube root of 5 because we want (5^1/3)3 = 5^(1/3)3 to hold, so (5^1/3)3 must equal 5. 2. Rewrite expressions involving radicals and rational exponents using the properties of exponents. 3. Explain why sums and products of rational numbers are rational,that the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational, and that the product of a nonzero rational number and an irrational number is irrational. N.RN.1-3 Essential Understanding - Students use laws of exponents to understand radicals as rational exponents. Extended Understanding - Students use logarithms to solve exponential equations. Academic Vocabulary/Language - Rational - Radicand - Numerator - Denominator - Properties of exponents Tier 2 Vocabulary - Explain - “in terms of” - define I Can Statements can define radical notation as a convention used to represent rational exponents. I can explain the properties of operations of rational exponents as an extension of the properties of integer exponents. I can explain how radical notation, rational exponents, and properties of integer exponents relate to one another. I can, using the properties of exponents, rewrite a radical expression as an expression with a rational exponent. I can, using the properties of exponents, rewrite an expression with rational exponent as a radical expression. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 1 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 2 Common Misconceptions and Challenges Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Properties of Exponents and Roots- HSN-RN.A.1 Chapter 0-10, Page P27; Chapter 4-3 (extend), 4-4, 4-5 Rewriting Radical and Exponential Expressions- HSN-RN.A.2 Fractions with Exponents- HSN.RN.A.1 Multiplying and Adding Rational and Irrational Numbers - HSN-RN.B.3 http://ccssmath.org/?s=rn.1 http://ccssmath.org/?s=rn.2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers - HSN-RN.B.3 http://ccssmath.org/?s=rn.3 Rational and Irrational Numbers - HSN-RN.B.3 Career Connections Computer and information systems managers Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Columbus City Schools Actuaries Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Teacher assistants Teachers-adult literacy and remedial and selfenrichment education Teachers-postsecondary Teachers-preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Grounds maintenance workers Computer control programmers and operators Budget analysts Insurance underwriters Biological scientists Medical scientists Mechanical engineers Nuclear engineers Petroleum engineers 3 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II Essential Understanding N.CN.1 Know there is a complex number i such that i^2 = −1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real. N.CN.1-2 N.CN.2 Use the relation i ^2 = –1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers. - Students understand that i is the square root of negative 1. - Students can perform operations with complex numbers. Academic Vocabulary/Language Extended Understanding - imaginary number - complex number - commutative property - associative property - distributive property - Students solve equations with complex solutions. Tier 2 Vocabulary - know - form - use I Can Statements I can define i as the square root of −1 or i^2 =-1. I can define complex numbers. I can write complex numbers in the form a+ bi with a and b being real numbers. I can recognize that the commutative, associative, and distributive properties extend to the set of complex numbers over the operations of addition and multiplication. I can use the relation i^2 = -1 to simplify. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 4 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 5 Common Misconceptions and Challenges Simplifying Complex Numbers- CN.1 Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying Complex Numbers- CN.2 Chapter 3-2 http://ccssmath.org/?page_id=2030 http://ccssmath.org/?page_id=2032 Career Connections Computer and information systems managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents Columbus City Schools A-REI, A-SSE, N-CN Vertex of a parabola with complex roots N-CN Complex number patterns N-CN, A-REI Complex Square Roots N-CN Complex Cube and Fourth Roots of 1 N-CN Powers of a complex number Drafters and engineering technicians Engineering technicians Physical scientists Physicists and astronomers Education, training, library, and museum occupations Teachers-adult literacy and remedial and self-enrichment education Teachers-postsecondary Teachers-preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary Media and communications-related occupations Writers and editors Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 6 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II Essential Understanding Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. A.APR.1 - Students can add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. Extended Understanding - Students can divide polynomials. - Students can factor polynomials. Academic Vocabulary/Language - Polynomial - Monomial - Binomial - Trinomial - distribute - like terms Tier 2 Vocabulary - understand - analogous I Can Statements I can identify that the sum, difference, or product of two polynomials will always be a polynomial, which means that polynomials are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication. I can define “closure”. I can apply arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication to polynomials. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 7 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 8 Common Misconceptions and Challenges Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-3 (explore), 1-4 http://ccssmath.org/?s=apr.1 Polynomial Addition and Subtraction- APR.1 Polynomial Multiplication- APR.1 Adding, Multiplying, and Subtracting Monomials- APR.1 https://www.sophia.org/ccss-math-standard-9-12aapr1-pathway A-APR Non-Negative Polynomials A-APR Powers of 11 https://sites.google.com/site/commoncorewarwick/home/unit-ofstudies/algebra-2/a-apr-1 Career Connections Social scientists and related occupations Economists Education, training, library, and museum occupations Teachers-adult literacy and remedial and self-enrichment education Teachers-postsecondary Teachers-preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary Teachers-special education Health diagnosing and treating occupations Registered nurses Columbus City Schools Aerospace engineers Chemical engineers Civil engineers Electrical engineers Environmental engineers Industrial engineers Materials engineers Mechanical engineers Nuclear engineers Petroleum engineers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 9 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity. 5. Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes. For example, if the function h(n) gives the number of person-hours it takes to assemble n engines in a factory, then the positive integers would be an appropriate domain for the function. 6. Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph. F.IF.4-6 I Can Statements - Students understand how to interpret domain and range from a graph. -Students understand how to interpret domain and range from a real-world context. -Students understand how to calculate average rate of change of a functions and understand why it is the slope between two points. Academic Vocabulary/Language - average rate of change - intercepts - local/relative max & min - global max & min - end behavior - periodicity Extended Understanding Tier 2 Vocabulary - Students can think about how they would try to calculate instantaneous rate of change. - calculate - interpret - model Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can define and recognize the key features in tables and graphs of linear and exponential functions: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative, and end behavior. I can identify whether the function is linear or exponential, given its table or graph. I can interpret key features of graphs and tables of function in the terms of the contextual quantities the function represents. I can sketch graphs showing key features of a function that models a relationship between two quantities from a given verbal description of the relationship. I can explain why a domain is appropriate for a given situation. I can recognize slope as an average rate of chang. Columbus City Schools Essential Understanding Students may believe it is reasonable to input any x-value into a function, so they will need to examine multiple situations in which there are various limitations to the domain. Students may also believe that the slope of a linear function is merely a number used to sketch the graph of the line. In reality, slopes have realworld meaning, and the idea of a rate of change is fundamental to understanding major concepts from geometry to calculus. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 10 Instructional Strategies Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 2-1, 2-1 (explore), 2-2, 2-6, 2-7, 2-7 (extend); 3-1 (extend), 3-4 (explore, extend); 7-4 http://ccssmath.org/?s=if.4 http://ccssmath.org/?s=if.5 http://ccssmath.org/?s=if.6 Functions versus Relations (Solutions Included)- HSF-IF.B.5 Determining and Predicting the Rate of Change of Functions- HSF-IF.B.6 Columbus City Schools Career Connections Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer programmers Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Engineers Aerospace engineers Chemical engineers Farming Forest, conservation, and logging workers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 11 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II F.IF.7-9 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function. a. Use the process of factoring and completing the square in a quadratic function to show zeros, extreme values, and symmetry of the graph, and interpret these in terms of a context. b. Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions. 9. Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). I Can Statements - Students can interpret key features of graphs of quadratic functions in a realworld context. -Students can complete the square to determine the vertex of a quadratic function. -Students can factor a quadratic equation to determine the x-intercepts -Students can solve quadratics using factoring and completing the square. Extended Understanding - Students can write a quadratic equation given a table of values or a quadratic pattern. Academic Vocabulary/Language - quadratic equation - quadratic function - standard form - vertex form - factor - complete the square Tier 2 Vocabulary - interpret - compare Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can graph exponential functions by hand in simple cases or using technology for more complicated cases, and show intercepts and end behavior I can determine the difference between simple and complicated linear and exponential functions and know when the use of technology is appropriate I can differentiate between exponential and linear functions using a variety of descriptors (graphically, verbally, numerically, and algebraically) I can use a variety of function representations algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions) to compare and contrast properties of two functions Columbus City Schools Essential Understanding Students may believe that each family of functions (e.g., quadratic, square root, etc.) is independent of the others, so they may not recognize commonalities among all functions and their graphjs. Students may also believe that skills such as factoring a trinomial or completing the square are isolated within a unit on polynomials, and that they will come to understand the usefulness of these skills in the context of examining characteristics of functions. Additionally, students may believe that the process of rewriting equations into various forms is simply an algebra sumbol manipulation exercise, rather than serving a purpose of allowing different features of the function to be exhibited. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 12 Instructional Strategies Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 2-1, 2-3 (all); 3-1; 3-4; 4-1 Graphing Linear and Quadratic Functions- IF.C.7a http://ccssmath.org/?s=if.7 Graphing Polynomial Functions- IF.C.7c Classifying Even and Odd Functions - IF.C.8 Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer programmers Business and financial operations occupations Budget analysts Insurance underwriters Engineers Aerospace engineers Chemical engineers Expressions for Exponential Functions- IF.C.8b Farming Forest, conservation, and logging workers Comparing Functions in Different Formats- -IF.C.9 Financial clerks Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks Graphing Square and Cube Roots- IF.C.7b Graphing Rational Functions -IF.C.7d http://ccssmath.org/?s=if.8 http://ccssmath.org/?s=if.9 Columbus City Schools Career Connections Graphing Exponential and Log Functions- IF.C.7e Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 13 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II Essential Understanding F.BF.1 Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities. a. Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. b. Combine standard function types using arithmetic operations. c. (+) Compose functions. - Students understand how to write a mathematical function to model a given situation. -Students understand how to compose functions and use the proper notation to do so. Extended Understanding Academic Vocabulary/Language - explicit function - recursive function - composite functions Tier 2 Vocabulary - determine - Students can graph these functions - model and use them to solve problems. - compose - combine I Can Statements I can define “explicit function” and “recursive process”. I can write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities by determining an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. I can combine two functions using the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. I can evaluate the domain of the combines function. I can build standard functions to represent relevant relationships/quantities given a real-world situation or mathematical process. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 14 Instructional Strategies Common Misconceptions and Challenges Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 15 Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Not found in book. http://ccssmath.org/?s=bf.1 http://ccssmath.org/?page_id=2189 https://learnzillion.com/resources/72403-combine-standard-function-types-using-arithmetic-operations Khan Academy videos: https://www.khanacademy.org/commoncore/grade-HSF-F-BF Open Ed: https://www.opened.com/search?category=building-functions&grade_group=high-schoolfunctions&standard=F.BF.1.b&standard_group=common-core-math Career Connections Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers Financial clerks Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks Business and financial operations occupations Budget analysts Insurance underwriters Columbus City Schools Management occupations Computer and information systems managers Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents Top executives Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer programmers Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Metal workers and plastic workers Computer control programmers and operators Other production occupations Photographic process workers and processing machine operators 16 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 3. Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on the graph using technology. Include recognizing even and odd functions from their graphs and algebraic expressions for them. 4. Find inverse functions. a. Solve an equation of the form f(x) = c for a simple function f that has an inverse and write an expression for the inverse. F.BF.3-4 Essential Understanding - Students understand how to transform graphs of parent functions. -Students understand how to describe transformations of parent functions including how to use the proper notation. -Students understand how to find inverses of functions. Extended Understanding - Students find inverses of more complex functions. Academic Vocabulary/Language - translation/shift - dilation/stretch - inverse function Tier 2 Vocabulary - experiment - identify - include - find - understand I Can Statements I can identify the effect a single transformation will have on the function (symbolic or graphic). I can use technology to identify effects of single transformations on graphs of functions. I can graph a given function by replacing f(x) with f(x)+k, kf(x), f(kx), or f(x+k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative). I can describe the differences and similarities between a parent function and the transformed function. I can recognize even and odd functions from their graphs and from their equations. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 17 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 18 Common Misconceptions and Challenges Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 2-3 (explore); 3-4, 3-4 (explore) Manipulating the Graphs of Functions- BF.B.3 http://ccssmath.org/?s=bf.3 Graphing The Inverse of Functions- BF.B.4c http://ccssmath.org/?s=bf.4 http://www.shmoop.com/common-core-standards/ccss-hs-f-bf-3.html Inverses of Discrete Functions- BF.B.4a https://www.sophia.org/ccss-math-standard-9-12fbf4pathway?standard=mathematics-functions Career Connections Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers Financial clerks Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks Business and financial operations occupations Budget analysts Insurance underwriters Columbus City Schools Management occupations Computer and information systems managers Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents Top executives Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer programmers Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Metal workers and plastic workers Computer control programmers and operators Other production occupations Photographic process workers and processing machine operators 19 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II Essential Understanding F.LE.3 Observe using graphs and tables that a quantity increasing exponentially eventually exceeds a quantity increasing linearly, quadratically, or (more generally) as a polynomial function. - Students should know how to make all different types of graphs. Extended Understanding - Students should be able to understand beginning and end behavior. Academic Vocabulary/Language - quantity - exponentially - linearly - quadratically - polynomial function Tier 2 Vocabulary - observe - exceed I Can Statements Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can informally define the concept of “end behavior”. I can compare tables and graphs of linear and exponential functions to observe that a quantity increasing exponentially exceeds all others to solve mathematical and real-world problems. Columbus City Schools Students need to remember how to make each graph as they learn how to make new ones. For example, when learning to graph a parabola, it is important not to forget how to graph lines. Continually remind them of the process so they do not get the different graph types and methods confused. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 20 Instructional Strategies Use the activities cited below found on Illustrative Mathematics to teach this standard. F-LE, A-REI Population and Food Supply F-LE Exponential growth versus linear growth I F-LE Exponential growth versus linear growth II F-LE Exponential growth versus polynomial growth http://ccssmath.org/?s=le.3 Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II This specific standard is not found in the book (as far as showing the differences between graph types). Functions are covered in chapters 2-4, but they aren’t compared to each other. Video using calculator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPuFGDXPGB8 https://www.opened.com/search?category=linear-quadratic-and-exponential-models&grade_group=high-schoolfunctions&standard=F.LE.3&standard_group=common-core-math Career Connections Management occupations Computer and information systems managers Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Financial managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents Columbus City Schools Media and communications-related occupations Writers and editors Health diagnosing and treating occupations Optometrists Registered nurses Health technologists and technicians Medical records and health information technicians Nuclear medicine technologists Social scientists and related occupations Economists Market and survey researchers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 21 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II A.SSE.1-2 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. a. Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients. b. Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity. Essential Understanding - Students will become fluent in identifying parts of an expression. - Students will understand what is meant by coefficient, factor, and term. Extended Understanding - Students will be able to examine a large expression and see parts of it as single entities. 2. Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. I Can Statements - expression - context - term - factor - coefficient - single entity Tier 2 Vocabulary - interpret - represent - viewing - use - structure - identify Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can, for expressions that represent a contextual quantity, define and recognize parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients. I can, for expressions that represent a contextual quantity, interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients in terms of the context. I can, for expressions that represent a contextual quantity, interpret complicated expressions, in terms of the context, by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity. Columbus City Schools Academic Vocabulary/Language Students may believe that use of algebraic expressions is merely the abstract manipulation of symbols. Use of real-world context examples to demonstrate the meaning of the parts of algebraic expressions is needed to counter this misconception. Students may also believe that an expression cannot be factored because it does fit into a form they recognize. They need help with reorganizing the terms until structures become evident. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 22 Instructional Strategies Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Career Connections Chapter 1-1, 1-5, 1-5 (explore), 1-6, 1-6 (explore); 3-1, 3-3 Interpret the Context of Expressions- A.SSE.1a Complicated Expressions- A.SSE.1b Rewriting Expressions – A.SSE.2 Columbus City Schools Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer programmers Computer software engineers Computer support specialists and systems administrators Computer systems analysts Mathematicians Statisticians Construction Carpenters Electricians Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 23 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II A.SSE.3 A.SSE.3 Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. a. Factor a quadratic expression to reveal the zeros of the function it defines. b. Complete the square in a quadratic expression to reveal the maximum or minimum value of the function it defines. Essential Understanding - Students will know how to factor. - After factoring, students will set each factor to zero and find the value of each root. Extended Understanding - Students will learn how to solve a quadratic equation by completing the square. Tier 2 Vocabulary Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can factor a quadratic expression to produce an equivalent form of the original expression. I can explain the connection between the factored form of a quadratic expression and the zeros of the function it defines. I can explain the properties of the quantity represented by the quadratic expression. I can choose and produce an equivalent form of a quadratic expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the original expression. Columbus City Schools - expression - properties - quantity - factor - quadratic expression - maximum/minimum - choose - produce - reveal - explain - represented - use c. Use the properties of exponents to transform expressions for exponential functions. I Can Statements Academic Vocabulary/Language Remind students that completing the square requires the value of a to be 1. They may have to divide first. Students often have difficulty when working with fractions. For instance, if the value of b is odd, dividing by 2 will result in a fraction. Students also will need to know how to square a fraction. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 24 Instructional Strategies Go over the Illustrative Mathematics activities below with your students. Also, the worksheets from Math Worksheets Land can be quite helpful. When teaching completing the square it can be helpful to start with problems where the value of a is 1. Also, the value of b should be an even number. From Illustrative Mathematics: Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9; 2-3, 2-4 (extend); 4-2 (extend) Solving Quadratic Equations- A.SSE.3a Completing the Square in a Quadratic Expression- HSA-SSE.B.3b Career Connections Information and record clerks Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing occupations Stock clerks and order fillers Healthcare support occupations Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides Columbus City Schools A-REI, A-SSE, N-CN Vertex of a parabola with complex roots A-SSE Graphs of Quadratic Functions A-SSE Ice Cream A-SSE Increasing or Decreasing? Variation 2 A-SSE Profit of a company A-SSE Profit of a company, assessment variation http://ccssmath.org/?page_id=2093 Properties of Exponents- A.SSE.3c Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer programmers Management occupations Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers Computer and information systems managers Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Financial managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 25 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. A.CED.1,2,4 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. For example, rearrange Ohm’s law V = IR to highlight resistance R. Essential Understanding - Students can solve equations and inequalities in one variable. - Students will understand the effects of dependent and independent variables. Extended Understanding - Students will have a good grasp of equation solving skills and be able to solve an equation for any variable in a problem. They will be able to apply inverse operations to solve literal equations. Academic Vocabulary/Language - variable - linear - quadratic - rational function - exponential function Tier 2 Vocabulary - create - use - solve - include - rearrange I Can Statements can solve linear and exponential equations in one variable. I can solve inequalities in one variable. I can describe the relationships between the quantities in the problem (for example, how the quantities are changing or growing with respect to each other); express these relationships using mathematical operations to create an appropriate equation or inequality to solve. I can create equations (linear and exponential) and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. I can create equations and inequalities in one variable to model real-world situations. I can create at least two equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities. I can justify which quantities in a mathematical problem or real-world situation are dependent and independent of one another and which operations represent those relationships. I can solve for other variables in Literal Equation problem. I can define a “quantity of interest” to mean any number or algebraic quantity. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 26 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 27 Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 3-5; 4-2, 4-5 http://ccssmath.org/?s=ced.4 Creating Equations and Inequalities- A.CED.1 A-CED Equations and Formulas A-CED Rewriting equations A-CED Sum of angles in a polygon N-Q Harvesting the Fields A-CED, G-GMD Global Positioning System I A-CED Silver Rectangle A-CED Throwing a Ball G-MG, A-CED Regular Tessellations of the plane Creating Equations with Two or More Variables- A.CED.2 Graphing Equations-A.CED.2 Rearranging and Understanding Formulas – A.CED.4 Common Misconceptions and Challenges Career Connections Drafters and engineering technicians Engineering technicians Life scientists Medical scientists Physical scientists Chemists and materials scientists Environmental scientists and hydrologists Physicists and astronomers Columbus City Schools Engineers Aerospace engineers Chemical engineers Civil engineers Electrical engineers Environmental engineers Industrial engineers Nuclear engineers Petroleum engineers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Farming Forest, conservation, and logging workers Metal workers and plastic workers Computer control programmers and operators Information and record clerks Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 28 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II A.REI.4 Solve quadratic equations in one variable. a. Use the method of completing the square to transform any quadratic equation in x into an equation of the form (x – p)^2 = q that has the same solutions. Derive the quadratic formula from this form. b. Solve quadratic equations by inspection (e.g., for x^2 = 49), taking square roots, completing the square, the quadratic formula and factoring, as appropriate to the initial form of the equation. Recognize when the quadratic formula gives complex solutions and write them as a ± bi for real numbers a and b. Essential Understanding - Students will be able to complete the square. - Students should be able to choose from multiple methods for solving quadratic equations the best method for each problem. Academic Vocabulary/Language - variable - complete the square - quadratic equation Extended Understanding Tier 2 Vocabulary - Students should be shown how completing the square can be used to derive the quadratic formula itself. - solve - transform - derive - inspection - recognize I Can Statements I can use the method of completing the square to transform any quadratic equation in x into an equation of the form (x-p)2 = q that has the same solutions. I can solve quadratic equations in one variable. I can derive the quadratic formula by completing the square on a quadratic equation in x. I can solve quadratic equations by inspection (e.g., for x2 = 49), taking square roots, completing the square, the quadratic formula and factoring. I can recognize when the quadratic formula gives complex solutions. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 29 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 30 Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Quadratic Equations: Completing the Square- A.REI.4a Chapter 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9; 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5 Quadratics: Using Square Roots and Zero Property- A.REI.4b Below is a simple SMART Board file showing how to derive the Quadratic Formula by completing the square: https://columbus.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/courses/S-093020141/Lessons%20Math%20II/deriving%20the%20quadratic%20formula%20by%20completi ng%20the%20square.notebook Solving Quadratic Equations By Factoring- A.REI.4b Using the Quadratic Formula – A.REI.4b Finding and Using the Discriminant- A.REI.4b Common Misconceptions and Challenges Career Connections Drafters and engineering technicians Engineering technicians Life scientists Medical scientists Physical scientists Chemists and materials scientists Columbus City Schools Engineers Aerospace engineers Chemical engineers Civil engineers Electrical engineers Environmental engineers Industrial engineers Nuclear engineers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Farming Forest, conservation, and logging workers Metal workers and plastic workers Computer control programmers and operators Metal workers and plastic workers Computer control programmers and operators 31 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II N.CN.7 7. Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions. Essential Understanding Academic Vocabulary/Language - Students will understand that there are graphs of parabolas where solutions do not cross the x-axis. There must be an equation to model this situation. This is where complex solutions come from. - quadratic equation - complex solution - real - coefficient - polynomial - identities - Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Extended Understanding - Students will know and state and verify the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Tier 2 Vocabulary - solve - extend - know - verify I Can Statements I can solve quadratic equations that have complex solutions. I can define identity. I can give examples of polynomial identifies. I can extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers. I can state the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. I can verify that the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra is true for second-degree quadratic polynomials. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 32 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 33 Common Misconceptions and Challenges Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Career Connections Chapter 3-2B (extend), 3-3 CN8 and 9 are optional standards. Solving Quadratic Equations- CN.7 https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra2/polynomial_and_rationa l/fundamental-theorem-of-algebra/v/fundamental-theorem-of-algebraintro Columbus City Schools Engineers Aerospace engineers Electrical engineers Industrial engineers Nuclear engineers Drafters and engineering technicians Engineering technicians Physical scientists Physicists and astronomers Education, training, library, and museum occupations Teachers-adult literacy and remedial and self-enrichment education Teachers-postsecondary Teachers-preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary Media and communications-related occupations Writers and editors Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 34 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II Essential Understanding A.REI.7 A.REI.7 Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. For example, find the points of intersection between the line y = –3x and the circle x^2 + y^2 = 3. I Can Statements Extended Understanding - Students can use technology such as graphing calculators or online sites such as Desmos.com to quickly create different types of graphs at the same time. - system - linear equation - quadratic equation - point of intersection Tier 2 Vocabulary - solve - transform - explain - correspondence (between) Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can solve simple systems consisting of linear, quadratic, and circular equations. I can transform a simple system consisting of a linear equation and quadratic equation in 2 variables so that a solution can be found algebraically and graphically. I can explain the correspondence between the algebraic and graphical solutions to a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in 2 variables. Columbus City Schools - Students should be able to solve systems by using algebra, as well as making graphs and looking at intersection points. Academic Vocabulary/Language Some of the algebra gets tricky for students. Watch closely to ensure mistakes are not made, particulary when doing inverse operations and using substitution. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 35 Instructional Strategies Download the worksheets from Math Worksheet Lands (below) and go over the step-by-step lesson “Equal to y”. Complete the practice and matching worksheets. Finish with the Illustrative Mathematics lessons below. Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II http://ccssmath.org/?s=rei.7 From Math Worksheets Land: Solving Simultaneous Equations (Linear and Quadratics)- A.REI.7 Chapter 2-3 From Illustrative Mathematics: A-REI A Linear and Quadratic System A-REI Pythagorean Triples A-REI The Circle and The Line Career Connections Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers Business and financial operations occupations Insurance underwriters Columbus City Schools Management occupations Computer and information systems managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Engineers Aerospace engineers Electrical engineers Industrial engineers Nuclear engineers Engineering technicians 36 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 1. Describe events as subsets of a sample space (the set of outcomes) using characteristics (or categories) of the outcomes, or as unions, intersections, or complements of other events (“or,” “and,” “not”). 2. Understand that two events A and B are independent if the probability of A and B occurring together is the product of their probabilities, and S.CP.1-5 use this characterization to determine if they are independent. 3. Understand the conditional probability of A given B as P(A and B)/P(B), and interpret independence of A and B as saying that the conditional probability of A given B is the same as the probability of A, and the conditional probability of B given A is the same as the probability of B. 4. Construct and interpret two-way frequency tables of data when two categories are associated with each object being classified. Use the two-way table as a sample space to decide if events are independent and to approximate conditional probabilities. 5. Recognize and explain the concepts of conditional probability and independence in everyday language and everyday situations. Essential Understanding - Students will multiply probabilities to find the probability of independent events. - Students will know the difference between dependent and independent events. They will be able to determine if the outcome of one event has an impact on the outcome of another event. Academic Vocabulary/Language - union - intersection - subset - event - independence - sample space - probability Extended Understanding Tier 2 Vocabulary - Students will be able to find real world situations that model conditional probability and independence. - recognize - explain - describe - construct - interpret I Can Statements I can define unions, intersections and complements of events. I can describe events as subsets of a sample space (the set of outcomes) using characteristics (or categories) of the outcomes, or as unions, intersections, or complements of other events. I can determine the outcome of independent events as the product of their probabilities. I can categorize events as independent or not using the characterization that two events A and B are independent when the probability of A and B occurring together is the product of their probabilities. I can recognize the conditional probability of A given B is the same as P(A and B)P(B). I can interpret independence of A and B as saying that the conditional probability of A given B is the same as the probability of A, and the conditional probability of B given A is the same as probability of B. I can use the two-way table as a sample space to decide if events are independent and to approximate conditional probabilities. I can recognize the concepts of conditional probability and independence in everyday language and everyday situations. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 37 Instructional Strategies Common Misconceptions and Challenges Students may believe that multiplying across branches of a tree diagram has nothing to do with conditional probability. Students may believe that “independence of events” and “mutually exclusive events” are the same thing. Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 13-5, 13-5 (extend), 13-6 Career Connections http://ccssmath.org/?s=cp.1 http://ccssmath.org/?s=cp.2 http://ccssmath.org/?s=cp.3 http://ccssmath.org/?s=cp.4 http://ccssmath.org/?s=cp.5 Columbus City Schools Health diagnosing and treating occupations Chiropractors Optometrists Pharmacists Physicians and surgeons Registered nurses Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Medical records and health information technicians Nuclear medicine technologists Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 38 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 6. Find the conditional probability of A given B as the fraction of B’s outcomes that also belong to A, and interpret the answer in terms of the model. 7. Apply the Addition Rule, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B), and interpret the answer in terms of the model. S.CP.6-7 Essential Understanding - Students will know how to find conditional probabilities. - Students will be able to interpret answers found in models. Extended Understanding - Students will become familiar with the Addition Rule and Multiplication Rule. Academic Vocabulary/Language - permutation - combination - multiplication rule - addition rule Tier 2 Vocabulary - find - apply - use Common Misconceptions and Challenges Students may believe that the probability of A or B is always the sum of the two events individually. Students may believe that the probability of A and B is the product of the two events individually, not realizing that one of the probabilities may be conditional. Students often switch permutations and combinations. Remind them that the order of their locker combination matters; however, it’s the opposite in math: when the order matters, it’s a permutation. Perhaps your locker should have a permutation, instead of a combination. I Can Statements I can explain the concepts of conditional probability and independence in everyday language and everyday situations. I can find the conditional probability of A given B as the fraction of B’s outcomes that also belong to A. I can use the Additional Rule, P(A or B) = P(A)+P(B)–P(A and B). I can interpret the answer in terms of the model. I can use the multiplication rule with correct notation I can apply the general Multiplication Rule in a uniform probability model P(A and B) = P(A)P(B|A)] = P(B)P(A|B) I can interpret the answer in terms of the model. I can identify situations that are permutations and those that are combinations. I can use permutations and combinations to compute probabilities of compound events and solve problems. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 39 Instructional Strategies Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 13-1, 13-2, 13-5 (extend), 13-6 S-CP How Do You Get to School? S-CP The Titanic 1 S-CP The Titanic 2 S-CP The Titanic 3 S-CP.7 Coffee at Mom's Diner S-CP Rain and Lightning. The Addition Rule Columbus City Schools S-CP False Positive Test Results S-CP Alex, Mel, and Chelsea Play a Game S-CP, MD Return to Fred's Fun Factory (with 50 cents) S-CP Random Walk III S-CP Random Walk IV http://ccssmath.org/?s=cp.6 http://ccssmath.org/?s=cp.7 Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Career Connections Physical scientists Atmospheric scientists Chemists and materials scientists Physicists and astronomers Social scientists and related occupations Economists Market and survey researchers Social scientists, other Farming Forest, conservation, and logging workers 40 Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 41 Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 42 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 1. Verify experimentally the properties of dilations given by a center and a scale factor. a. A dilation takes a line not passing through the center of the dilation to a parallel line, and leaves a line passing through the center unchanged. b. The dilation of a line segment is longer or shorter in the ratio given by the scale factor. 2. Given two figures, use the definition of similarity in terms of similarity transformations to decide if they are similar; explain using similarity transformations the meaning of similarity for triangles as the equality of all corresponding pairs of angles and the proportionality of all corresponding pairs of sides. 3. Use the properties of similarity transformations to establish the AA criterion for two triangles to be similar. G.SRT.1-3 Essential Understanding - Students can use scale factor to determine how a pre-image and image relate to one another. Extended Understanding - Students can determine if figures are similar or not by examining their sides and angle measures. Academic Vocabulary/Language - scale factor - dilation - center of dilation - similarity - transformation - image / pre-image Tier 2 Vocabulary - verify - use the properties I Can Statements I can define image, pre-image, scale factor, center, and similar figures as they relate to transformations. I can identify a dilation stating its scale factor and center. I can verify experimentally that a dilated image is similar to its pre-image by showing congruent corresponding angles and proportional sides. I can identify a dilation stating its scale factor and center. I can explain that the scale factor represents how many times longer or shorter a dilated line segment is than its pre-image. I can, by using similarity transformations, explain that triangles are similar if all pairs of corresponding angles are congruent and all corresponding pairs of sides are proportional. I can, given two figures, decide if they are similar by using the definition of similarity in terms of similarity transformations. I can recall the properties of similarity transformations. I can establish the AA criterion for similarity of triangles by extending the properties of similarity transformations to the general case of any two similar triangles. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 43 Instructional Strategies Common Misconceptions and Challenges Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 44 Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 9-2, 9-6; 10-8, 10-8 (explore) G-SRT Are They Similar? G-SRT Congruent and Similar Triangles G-SRT Similar Quadrilaterals G-SRT Similar Triangles G-SRT Similar triangles G-SRT Dilating a Line http://ccssmath.org/?s=srt.2 http://ccssmath.org/?s=srt.3 Dilations and Parallel Lines – G.SRT.1a http://www.geometrycommoncore.com/content/unit2/gsrt1/gsrt1 .html Dilations and Scale Factors- G.SRT.1b http://njcore.org/ccss/ccssmathcontenthsg-srta1 Career Connections Air transportation occupations Aircraft pilots and flight engineers Motor vehicle operators Busdrivers Construction Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons Construction and building inspectors Construction laborers Glaziers Painters and paperhangers Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Printing occupations Prepress technicians and workers Columbus City Schools Similarity Transformations- G.SRT.2 Corresponding Angles of Similar of Triangles- G.SRT.3 Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers Electrical and electronics installers and repairers Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers Automotive body and related repairers Automotive service technicians and mechanics Food processing occupations Food processing occupations Metal workers and plastic workers Computer control programmers and operators Machinists Welding, soldering, and brazing workers Semiconductor processors Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Financial clerks Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks Information and record clerks Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing occupations Stock clerks and order fillers Other office and administrative support occupations Data entry and information processing workers Desktop publishers Sales Counter and rental clerks Insurance sales agents Real estate brokers and sales agents 45 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 9. Prove theorems about lines and angles. Theorems include: vertical angles are congruent; when a transversal crosses parallel lines, alternate interior angles are congruent and corresponding angles are congruent; points on a perpendicular bisector of a line segment are exactly those equidistant from the segment’s endpoints. G.CO.9-11 10. Prove theorems about triangles. Theorems include: measures of interior angles of a triangle sum to 180°; base angles of isosceles triangles are congruent; the segment joining midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and half the length; the medians of a triangle meet at a point. Essential Understanding - Students will be able to prove theorems involving lines and angles. - Students will be able to prove that the sum of the angles in a triangle is always 180 degrees. Extended Understanding - Students will understand the basics of parallelograms and be able to prove various theorems related to them. Academic Vocabulary/Language - vertical angles - transversal - alternate interior angles - perpendicular bisector - parallelograms Tier 2 Vocabulary - prove 11. Prove theorems about parallelograms. Theorems include: opposite sides are congruent, opposite angles are congruent, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, and conversely, rectangles are parallelograms with congruent diagonals. I Can Statements I can identify and use properties of perpendicular bisector. I can identify and use properties of equidistant from endpoint. I can identify and use properties of all angle relationships. I can prove vertical angles are congruent. I can identify the hypothesis and conclusion of a triangle sum theorem. I can identify the hypothesis and conclusion of a base angle of isosceles triangles. I can identify the hypothesis and conclusion of mid-segment theorem. I can classify types of quadrilaterals. I can explain theorems for various parallelograms involving opposite sides and angles and relate to figure. I can use properties of special quadrilaterals in a proof. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 46 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 47 Common Misconceptions and Challenges Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-6; 6-1, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6; 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-5, 7-6 (explore); 10-2 (explore) http://ccssmath.org/?s=co.9 http://ccssmath.org/?s=co.10 http://ccssmath.org/?s=co.11 Career Connections Construction Boilermakers Carpenters Construction and building inspectors Construction laborers Electricians Glaziers Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Roofers Personal and home care aides Columbus City Schools G-C, G-CO Tangent Lines and the Radius of a Circle G-CO Congruent angles made by parallel lines and a transverse G-CO Points equidistant from two points in the plane G-C, G-SRT Seven Circles I G-CO Classifying Triangles G-CO Congruent angles in isosceles triangles G-CO Midpoints of Triangle Sides G-CO Sum of angles in a triangle G-SRT Finding the Area of an Equilateral Triangle G-CO, G-SRT Congruence of parallelograms G-CO Is this a parallelogram? G-CO Midpoints of the Sides of a Paralellogram G-CO Parallelograms and Translations Protective service occupations Firefighting occupations Police and detectives Food preparation and serving related occupations Chefs, cooks, and food preparation workers Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations Grounds maintenance workers Personal care and service occupations Animal care and service workers Barbers, cosmetologists, and other personal appearance workers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers Electrical and electronics installers and repairers Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers Automotive body and related repairers Automotive service technicians and mechanics Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations Line installers and repairers 48 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II G.SRT.4-5 4. Prove theorems about triangles. Theorems include: a line parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two proportionally, and conversely; the Pythagorean Theorem proved using triangle similarity. 5. Use congruence and similarity criteria for triangles to solve problems and to prove relationships in geometric figures. I Can Statements - Students will continue to prove key elements of triangles. Extended Understanding - Students will be able to solve problems and prove relationships in geometric figures by using congruence and similarity. Academic Vocabulary/Language - theorem - triange - parallel - proportionally - Pythagorean Theorem - congruence - similarity Tier 2 Vocabulary - prove - use - solve problems Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can recall postulates, theorems, and definitions to prove theorems about triangles. I can prove theorems involving similarity about triangles. (Theorems include: a line parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two proportionally, and conversely; the Pythagorean Theorem proved using triangle similarity). Columbus City Schools Essential Understanding Some students may confuse the alternate interior angle theorem and its converse as well as the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 49 Instructional Strategies Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 6-2, 6-3, 6-3 (extend), 6-4, 6-4 (extend), 9-3, 9-4, 9-5, 9-6; 10-1 http://ccssmath.org/?s=srt.4 http://ccssmath.org/?s=srt.5 Columbus City Schools G-SRT Joining two midpoints of sides of a triangle G-SRT Pythagorean Theorem 8.G, G-GPE, G-SRT, G-CO Is this a rectangle? 8.G, G-SRT Points from Directions G-CO, G-SRT Congruence of parallelograms G-GPE, G-CO, G-SRT Unit Squares and Triangles G-GPE, G-SRT Finding triangle coordinates G-GPE, G-SRT Slope Criterion for Perpendicular Lines G-SRT Bank Shot G-SRT Extensions, Bisections and Dissections in a Rectangle G-SRT Folding a square into thirds G-SRT, G-MG How far is the horizon? G-SRT Tangent Line to Two Circles Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Career Connections Management occupations Computer and information systems managers Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents 50 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II Essential Understanding G.GPE.6 Find the point on a directed line segment between two given points that partitions the segment in a given ratio. - Students will be able to find the point on a directed line segment. - Students will able to determine a given ratio. Extended Understanding - When given a ratio and a line segment with either a positive or negative slope, students will be able to find the point that partitions the segment into the given ratio. I Can Statements - directed line segment - point - partitions - given ratio Tier 2 Vocabulary - recall - given - find Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can recall the definition of ratio. I can recall previous understandings of coordinate geometry. I can, given a line segment (including those with positive and negative slopes) and ratio, find the point on the segment that partitions the segment into the given ratio. Columbus City Schools Academic Vocabulary/Language When finding the length of a line segment in order to determine its midpoint, students may perform simple arithmetic incorrectly. For example, you are given the coordinates (4, -3) and (12, -8). Students sometimes want to remove the negative sign on the answer to -3 + -8. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 51 Instructional Strategies This standard is not specifically covered in the textbook. Show the 12 minute video at https://www.educreations.com/lesson/view/g-gpe-6-partitioning-a-segment/9730636/ Textbook and Curriculum Resources http://ccssmath.org/?page_id=2315 Here’s a quick video explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhO6NA2Vwp4 For an explanation of midpoint specifically: https://partiallyderivative.wordpress.com/2013/10/20/partitioning-a-line-segment-and-finding-the-midpoint/ Career Connections Business and financial operations occupations Accountants and auditors Budget analysts Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators Financial analysts and personal financial advisors Insurance underwriters Healthcare support occupations Dental assistants Medical assistants Columbus City Schools Education, training, library, and museum occupations Archivists, curators, and museum technicians Librarians Teacher assistants Teachers-adult literacy and remedial and selfenrichment education Teachers-preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary Teachers-special education Art and design occupations Artists and related workers Fashion designers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Social scientists and related occupations Economists Market and survey researchers Psychologists Social scientists, other Urban and regional planners Community and social services occupations Counselors Legal occupations Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers Sales Counter and rental clerks Insurance sales agents 52 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II G.SRT.6-8 6. Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles. 7. Explain and use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles. 8. Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles in applied problems. Essential Understanding - Students will understand the foundation of trigonometric ratios for acute angles comes from the similarity between sides of right triangles. Extended Understanding - There is a defined relationship between sine and cosine of complementary angles. Academic Vocabulary/Language - acute angle - similarity - trigonometric ratio - sine - cosine - complementary angles Tier 2 Vocabulary - understand - explain and use - solve - applied problems I Can Statements I can name the sides of right triangles as related to an acute angle. I can recognize that if two right triangles have a pair of acute, congruent angles that the triangles are similar. I can compare common ratios for similar right triangles and develop a relationship between the ratio and the acute angle leading to the trigonometry ratios. I can use the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles. I can identify sine and cosine of acute angles in right triangles. I can recognize which methods could be used to solve right triangles in applied problems. I can solve for an unknown angle or side of a right triangle using sine, cosine, and tangent. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 53 Instructional Strategies Common Misconceptions and Challenges Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 54 Textbook and Curriculum Resources Illustrative Mathematics G.SRT.6: Not found in textbook. http://ccssmath.org/?s=srt.6 Illustrative Mathematics G.SRT.7: http://ccssmath.org/?s=srt.7 http://ccssmath.org/?s=srt.8 G-SRT Defining Trigonometric Ratios G-SRT Tangent of Acute Angles G-SRT Sine and Cosine of Complementary Angles G-SRT Trigonometric Function Values Illustrative Mathematics G.SRT.8: Tangent Ratios- G.SRT.6 G-C, G-SRT Neglecting the Curvature of the Earth Cos and Sin Trigonometric Ratios – G.SRT.7 G-C, G-SRT Setting Up Sprinklers G-SRT Ask the Pilot Trigonometric Ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem- G.SRT.8 G-SRT Constructing Special Angles Working with Right Triangles – G.SRT.8 G-SRT, G-MG Coins in a circular pattern G-SRT, G-MG Seven Circles III G.SRT Shortest line segment from a point P to a line L Career Connections Management occupations Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers Computer and information systems managers Construction managers Education administrators Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Farming Agricultural workers Columbus City Schools Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Architects, surveyors, and cartographers Architects, except landscape and naval Surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians Education, training, library, and museum occupations Teacher assistants Teachers-adult literacy and remedial and self-enrichment education Teachers-preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary Teachers-special education Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 55 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II F.TF.8 Prove the Pythagorean identity sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 and use it to find sin θ, cos θ, or tan θ, given sin θ, cos θ, or tan θ, and the quadrant of the angle. Essential Understanding - Students will learn the Pythagorean identity and be able to use it to find the values of the different trig functions. Extended Understanding - Students will begin to see how the trigonometric functions are actually related; they are not some random occurrence. I Can Statements Academic Vocabulary/Language - Pythagorean Identity - sin - cos - tan - quadrant Tier 2 Vocabulary - prove - use it to find Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can define trigonometric ratios as related to the unit circle. I can prove the Pythagorean identity sin2 (Ө) + cos2 (Ө) =1. I can use the Pythagorean identity, sin2 (Ө) + cos2 (Ө) =1, to find sin (Ө), cos (Ө), or tan (Ө), given sin(Ө), cos(Ө), or tan(Ө), and the quadrant of the angle. Students may believe that there is no connection between the Pythagorean Theorem and the study of trigonometry. Students may also believe that there is no relationship between the sine and cosine values for a particular angles. The fact that the sum of the squares of these values always equals 1 provides a unique way to view trigonometry through the lens of geometry. Additionally, students may believe that sind(A + B) = sinA + sinB and need specific examples to disprove this assumption. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 56 Instructional Strategies Textbook and Curriculum Resources Career Connections Not found in textbook. http://ccssmath.org/?s=tf.8 Illustrative Mathematics: F-TF Calculations with sine and cosine F-TF Finding Trig Values F-TF Trigonometric Ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem http://www.orglib.com/hs.ftf.8-standard-formative-assessmentviewTestQuestions_0d1520c2bb_ef8ccc04bf3d41e5b9247158ac6bb4b7_4f902e5b9a244 98c975f1804c55d2f8a.html Columbus City Schools Life scientists Medical scientists Physical scientists Chemists and materials scientists Physicists and astronomers Social scientists and related occupations Economists Management occupations Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents Construction Electricians Farming Forest, conservation, and logging workers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 57 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II 1. Prove that all circles are similar. G.C.1-4 2. Identify and describe relationships among inscribed angles, radii, and chords. Include the relationship between central, inscribed, and circumscribed angles; inscribed angles on a diameter are right angles; the radius of a circle is perpendicular to the tangent where the radius intersects the circle. 3. Construct the inscribed and circumscribed circles of a triangle, and prove properties of angles for a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle. Essential Understanding - Students will realize that all circles are similar. - Students can describe relationships between different key terms regarding circles. Extended Understanding - Students will construct a tangent line from a point outside a circle to the circle. 4. (+) Construct a tangent line from a point outside a given circle to the circle. Academic Vocabulary/Language - similar - inscribed angle - radii (radius) - chords - central angle - diameter - tangent Tier 2 Vocabulary - prove - identify - construct I Can Statements I can compare the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter of the circle. I can discuss, develop and justify this ratio for several circles. I can determine this ratio is constant for all circles. I can identify inscribed angles, radii, chords, central angles, circumscribed angles, diameter, tangent. I can recognize that inscribed angles on a diameter are right angles. I can define inscribed and circumscribed circles of a triangle. I can recall midpoint and bisector definitions. I can define a point of concurrency. I can construct the tangent line. I can construct the perpendicular bisector of the line segment between the center C to the outside point P. I can construct arcs on circle C from the midpoint Q having length CQ. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 58 Instructional Strategies Common Misconceptions and Challenges Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 59 Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II From Illustrative Mathematics: G-C Similar circles G-C, G-CO Tangent Lines and the Radius of a Circle G-C, G-SRT Neglecting the Curvature of the Earth http://ccssmath.org/?s=g-c.2 G-C Right triangles inscribed in circles I http://ccssmath.org/?s=g-c.3 G-C Right triangles inscribed in circles II http://ccssmath.org/?s=g-c.4 G-C Circumcenter of a triangle G-C Circumscribed Triangles G.C Inscribing a circle in a triangle I Circles: Inscribed Angles, Arcs and Chords- G.C.2 G.C Inscribing a circle in a triangle II Perimeter of Polygons with Inscribed Circles- G.C.3 G-C Inscribing a triangle in a circle G-C Locating Warehouse G-C Opposite Angles in a Cyclic Quadrilateral G-C Placing a Fire Hydrant G-C Tangent to a circle from a point Chapter 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 11-5, 11-5 (extend), 11-7 http://ccssmath.org/?s=g-c.1 Similarity of Circles – G.C.1 Angles in Inscribed Right Triangles and Quadrilaterals- G.C.3 Constructing and Using Tangent Lines- G.C.4 Career Connections Drafters and engineering technicians Drafters Engineering technicians Physical scientists Chemists and materials scientists Environmental scientists and hydrologists Physicists and astronomers Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Columbus City Schools Education, training, library, and museum occupations Teacher assistants Teachers-adult literacy and remedial and selfenrichment education Teachers-preschool, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary Teachers-special education Art and design occupations Fashion designers Entertainers and performers, sports and related occupations Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Management occupations Computer and information systems managers Construction managers Education administrators Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents 60 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II G.C.5 Derive using similarity the fact that the length of the arc intercepted by an angle is proportional to the radius, and define the radian measure of the angle as the constant of proportionality; derive the formula for the area of a sector. Essential Understanding - Students are introduced to the concept of radian measure. - Students should recall that all circles are similar. Extended Understanding - Students will derive the formula for the area of a sector. Academic Vocabulary/Language - similiarity - intercepted arc - proportional - radian measure - constant of proportionality - area of a sector Tier 2 Vocabulary - derive - define I Can Statements Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can recall how to find the area and circumference of a circle. I can explain that 1° = 180 radians. I can recall from G.C.1, that all circles are similar. I can determine the constant of proportionality. I can justify the radii of any two circles (r1 and r2) and the arc lengths (s1 and s2) determined by congruent central angles are proportional, such that r1/ s1 = r2/ s2. I can verify that the constant of a proportion is the same as the radian measure of the given central angle. Columbus City Schools Sectors and segments are often used in everyday conversation. Care should be taken to distinguish these two geometric concepts. The forumals for converting radians to degrees and vice versa are easily confused. Knowing that the degree measure of a given angle is always a number larger than the radian measure can heko students use the correct unit. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 61 Instructional Strategies Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 11-2, 11-9 Career Connections Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations Millwrights Area of Sectors of A Circle Construction Boilermakers Construction and building inspectors Construction laborers Glaziers Roofers Arc Length and Radian Measure Metal workers and plastic workers Machinists G-C Mutually Tangent Circles Protective service occupations Police and detectives http://ccssmath.org/?s=g-c.5 Measurements of Arcs Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 62 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II G.GPE.12 1. Derive the equation of a circle of given center and radius using the Pythagorean Theorem; complete the square to find the center and radius of a circle given by an equation. 2. Derive the equation of a parabola given a focus and directrix. Essential Understanding - Students will derive the equation of a circle and understand the horizontal and vertical shifts (h, k). - Students will understand how to determine the radius of a circle when given its equation. Academic Vocabulary/Language - focus - directrix - parabola - complete the square - circle Extended Understanding - Students will be able to derive the equation of a parabola when given its focus and directrix. Tier 2 Vocabulary - derive I Can Statements I can define a circle. I can use Pythagorean Theorem and distance formula. I can complete the square of a quadratic equation. I can derive the equation of a circle using the Pythagorean Theorem – given coordinates of the center and length of the radius. I can determine the center and radius by completing the square. I can use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically. For example, prove or disprove that a figure defined by four given points in the coordinate plane is a rectangle; prove or disprove that the point (1, 3) lies on the circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0,2). I can recall previous understandings of coordinate geometry (including, but not limited to: distance, midpoint and slope formula, equation of a line, definitions of parallel and perpendicular lines, etc). Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 63 Instructional Strategies Common Misconceptions and Challenges Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 64 Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II http://ccssmath.org/?s=pe.1 http://ccssmath.org/?s=pe.2 Chapter 11-8, 11-8 (extend) Download a free graphing circles packet at: Finding the Equation of Circles – G.PE.1 https://columbus.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/courses/S-093020141/Lessons%20Math%20II/CircleseverywhereGraphingthemunderstandingshiftspluspuzzl es.pdf Finding the Equation of a Parabola- G.PE.2 From Illustrative Mathematics: https://www.khanacademy.org/commoncore/grade-HSG-G-GPE G-GPE Explaining the equation for a circle G-GPE Slopes and Circles G-GPE Defining Parabolas Geometrically https://www.opened.com/homework/g-c-1-prove-that-all-circlesare-similar/3689753 Career Connections Management occupations Computer and information systems managers Construction managers Engineering and natural sciences managers Farmers, ranchers, and agricultural managers Funeral directors Industrial production managers Medical and health services managers Property, real estate, and community association managers Purchasing managers, buyers, and purchasing agents Business and financial operations occupations Insurance underwriters Columbus City Schools http://www.openmiddle.com/tag/g-gpe-1/ https://www.sophia.org/ccss-math-standard-9-12ggpe1pathway?standard=mathematics-geometry Engineers Aerospace engineers Chemical engineers Civil engineers Computer hardware engineers Electrical engineers Environmental engineers Industrial engineers Materials engineers Mechanical engineers Nuclear engineers Petroleum engineers Drafters and engineering technicians Drafters Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Architects, surveyors, and cartographers Architects, except landscape and naval Landscape architects Surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians Life scientists Biological scientists Conservation scientists and foresters Farming Agricultural workers 65 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II G.GPE.4 Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically. For example, prove or disprove that a figure defined by four given points in the coordinate plane is a rectangle; prove or disprove that the point (1, √3) lies on the circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0, 2). I Can Statements - Students can prove simple theorems. They will use coordinates of points to do this in the coordinate plane. Academic Vocabulary/Language - coordinates - geometric theorem - origin Extended Understanding - Students will be comfortable with irrational coordinates. - Students will be able to approximate square roots and find them on a coordinate plane. Tier 2 Vocabulary - use - prove - disprove Common Misconceptions and Challenges I can recall previous understandings of coordinate geometry (including, but not limited to: distance, midpoint and slope formula, equations of a line, definitions of parallel and perpendicular lines, etc.). I can use coordinate to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically. For example, prove or disprove that a figure defined by four given points in the coordinate plane is a rectangle; prove or disprove that the point (1, sqrt(3)) lies on the circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0,2). Columbus City Schools Essential Understanding Students often have trouble estimating square roots. Remind them to think of the nearest perfect square greater and less than the value they are given. Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 66 Instructional Strategies Use the links to the tasks from Illustrative Mathematics below to explain this standard. Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II http://commoncoretools.me/forums/topic/g-gpe-4/ http://www.geometrycommoncore.com/content/unit4/ggpe4/ggpe4.html Chapter 6-6 http://ccssmath.org/?s=pe.4 Teacher Tube: http://www.teachertube.com/video/ggpe4-use-coordinatesadn-algebra-to-prove-geometric-theorems-289842 Illustrative Mathematics: G-GPE A Midpoint Miracle G-GPE, G-CO, G-SRT Unit Squares and Triangles Information and record clerks Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing occupations Stock clerks and order fillers Other office and administrative support occupations Data entry and information processing workers Career Connections Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer programmers Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Business and financial operations occupations Budget analysts Insurance underwriters Columbus City Schools https://www.opened.com/homework/g-gpe-4-use-coordinates-to-provesimple-geometric-theorems/3689764 Information and record clerks Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing occupations Stock clerks and order fillers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 67 Ohio’s Learning Standards – Clear Learning Targets Integrated Mathematics II Essential Understanding 1. Give an informal argument for the formulas for the circumference of a circle, area of a circle, volume of a cylinder, pyramid, and cone. Use dissection arguments, Cavalieri’s principle, and informal limit arguments. - Students will be able to explain the formula for the circumference of a circle. - Students will be able to explain Cavalieri’s principle. 3. Use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve problems. - Students will be able to use volume formulas to solve problems. G.MD.1,3 Extended Understanding Academic Vocabulary/Language - informal argument - circumference - volume - cylinder - cone - dissection argument - Cavalieri’s principle Tier 2 Vocabulary - give (informal argument) - use (dissection argument) I Can Statements I can recognize cross-sections of solids as two-dimensional shapes. I can recognize formulas for area and circumference of a circle and volume of a cylinder, pyramid, and cone. I can use the techniques of dissection and limit arguments. I can recognize Cavalieri’s principle. I can decompose volume formulas into area formulas using cross-sections. I can apply dissection and limit arguments (e.g. Archimedes’ inscription and circumscription of polygons about a circle) and as a component of the informal argument for the formulas for the circumference and area of a circle. I can apply Cavalieri’s Principle as a component of the informal argument for the formulas for the volume of a cylinder, pyramid, and cone. I can utilize the appropriate formula for volume depending on the figure. I can use volume formulas for cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres to solve contextual problems. Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 68 Instructional Strategies Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 69 Common Misconceptions and Challenges From Illustrative Mathematics: Textbook and Curriculum Resources McGraw-Hill: Integrated Math II Chapter 5-1; 12-4, 12-5, 12-6 http://ccssmath.org/?page_id=2319 http://ccssmath.org/?s=gmd.3 Cavalieri's Principle - GMD.1 Volume of Cylinders and Trigular Prisms- GMD.3 G-GMD Area of a circle G-GMD Circumference of a circle G-GMD Volume formulas for cylinders and prisms G-GMD Volume of a Special Pyramid G-GMD Centerpiece G-GMD Doctor's Appointment G-GMD The Great Egyptian Pyramids G-GMD Volume Estimation Volume of Cones and Spheres- GMD.3 Career Connections Protective service occupations Police and detectives Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations Grounds maintenance workers Protective service occupations Police and detectives Columbus City Schools Architects, surveyors, and cartographers Architects, except landscape and naval Surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and surveying technicians Other office and administrative support occupations Data entry and information processing workers Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 Computer and mathematical occupations Actuaries Computer software engineers Mathematicians Statisticians Engineers Aerospace engineers Chemical engineers 70 References I Can Statements: http://www.etown.k12.ky.us/Instructional-Links.asp Most Instructional Strategies sections come from Ohio Department of Education Many great worksheets can be found at Math Worksheets Land at http://www.mathworksheetsland.com Also used in this document is the website OpenEd at https://www.opened.com/ Career ideas came from the website http://www.xpmath.com/ Columbus City Schools Clear Learning Targets Integrated Math II 2016-2017 71