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MS-1
Final exam
Solutions. Concentration units: mass fraction, molar concentration,
equivalent
concentration. Solubility of substances. Hydrate theory. Solvates. Electrolites and nonelectrolites. Theory of electrolytic dissotiation. Degree of dissociation. Weak and strong
electrolytes. Dissociating constants of weak electrolytes. Ostwald's diluting law. Ionisation of
water. pH. Acid-base indicators. Equilibria in solutions of weak electrolytes. Buffer solutions.
pH of buffer solutions. Buffer capacity. Shifting of chemical equilibrium in solutions of
weak electrolytes. Dissociation of strong electrolytes. Active concentration. Ionic strength of
solutions. Debay-Huckel's equation. Amphoteric electrolytes.
Hydrolysis of salts. Main types of hydrolysis. Shifting of equilibria of hydrolysis
processes. Hydrolysis constant. Change of pH in hydrolysis processes. Degree of hydrolysis,
it's dependence on concentration and temperature. Calculation of pH of the solutions of salts.
Mutual hydrolysis.
Solubility product and solubility of a sparingly soluble electrolyte. Effect of similar ion.
Salt effect. Conditions of formation and dissolution of precipitates. Transformation of
precipitates.
Calculation of equilibria constants of chemical reactions.
Redox-reactions. Oxidation number. Oxidizing and reducing agents. Oxidation and
reduction processes. Half reaction method in balancing of redox-reactions. Standard electrode
potential. Direction of oxidation-reduction reactions. Nernst equation.
The electrochemical cell. Me1|Me1+||Me2+|Me2 What metal will dissolute?
Corrosion processes in H2O, NaOH, HCl mediums. Hydrogen and oxygen
depolarization processes.
Organic chemistry
Alkanes, alkenes. alkynes, halides, benzene and its derivatives, alcohols. Isomers, preparation
methods, chemical properties.
1. Electrophilic addition . (SR).
2. Radical mechanism. (SR).
3. Electrophilic substitution
S-I
EXAM PAPER № (example)
1.
(3 points each)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ionic strength of solutions (formula)
Law of equivalents.
Correlation between solubility coefficient and solubility product for Ag2SO4.
Corrosion of Cu/Ag contact, H2O.
What metal will dissolute in the electrochemical cell: Co|CoSO4||AgNO3|Ag?
2.
(5 points each)
6. Finish and balance the reaction CuSO4 + BaCl2  . Write it in a molecular and net ionic
forms.
7. Write the reaction of hydrolysis of NiCl2 in a net ionic form. Indicate the reaction of the
medium.
8. Write all isomers for alcohol containing 5 C-atoms and name them.
9. Balance the redox-reaction: KI + H2O2 + H2SO4 = I2 + K2SO4 + H2O
3.
1. Write the following reactions: (7 points )
Cl2, 500oC
H2C
полимеризация
B
4. Radical mechanism. (SR).
Example:
t

CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 
(8 points)
CH
CH2 СH3
HCl
A
KMnO4, H+
D
C