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Ch26_PT
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which of the following is a major function of nucleic acids?
A) catalysis of virtually all biochemical reactions
B) structural support in both plants and animals
C) storage and intracellular transfer of energy
D) long term storage of energy
E) storage and transfer of genetic information
1)
2) Chromatin is
A) a component of cell membranes.
B) the portion of a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
C) nuclear material composed of DNA and histones.
D) a protein found on the surface of a cell.
E) the fluid part of a cell that surrounds the organelles.
2)
3) DNA is primarily located in what part of the cell?
A) mitochondrion
B) cytoplasm
C) nucleus
D) cell membrane
E) ribosome
3)
4) What is the repeating unit in nucleic acids?
A) amino acids
B) monosaccharides
C) nucleotides
D) nitrogen bases
E) nucleosides
4)
5) The chemical combination of ribose and one of the five nitrogen bases results in formation of a
A) DNA molecule.
B) nucleotide.
C) gene.
D) nucleoside.
E) chromosome.
5)
6) When a β-N-glycosidic bond forms between guanine and deoxyribose, the resulting molecule is
called
A) deoxyriboguanine.
B) deoxyriboguanosine.
C) deoxyguanidine.
D) riboguanine.
E) guanosine.
6)
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7) A chromosome is a(an)
A) segment of DNA that directs synthesis of a specific peptide or protein.
B) list of locations of markers that relate to inheritable traits.
C) set of identical copies of DNA segments from a single ancestor.
D) complex of DNA and histones formed in a cell nucleus before cell division.
E) ordered list of the nucleotides in a segment of DNA.
7)
8) A nucleotide is composed of a ________ with a ________ added to it.
A) nucleoside; nitrogen base
B) phosphate group; nitrogen base
C) nucleoside; phosphate group
D) pentose; nitrogen base
E) pentose; phosphate group
8)
9) A nucleotide is a(an)
A) amide of a nucleoside and a fatty acid.
B) ester of a nucleoside and a fatty acid.
C) polymer of alternating ribose and purine or pyrimidine units.
D) 5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside.
E) amide of a nitrogen base and a fatty acid.
9)
10) All of the following are components of nucleotides except
A) metal ions.
B) aldopentoses in the form of five-membered rings.
C) heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of two fused rings.
D) phosphate groups.
E) heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of six-membered rings.
10)
11) Which base is normally found in RNA but not in DNA?
A) cytosine
B) guanine
C) uracil
D) adenine
E) thymine
11)
12) Which base is normally found in DNA but not in RNA?
A) thymine
B) uracil
C) adenine
D) cytosine
E) guanine
12)
13) Which of the following is a nitrogen base found in nucleic acids?
A) ammonia
B) thymidine
C) adenine
D) guanosine
13)
E) pyridine
14) Which of the following is a nucleoside which would be found in DNA?
A) deoxyribose
B) deoxyguanosine
C) UMP
D) deoxythymidine diphosphate
E) adenosine triphosphate
14)
15) The most characteristic feature of all the bases found in either DNA or RNA is ________.
A) they are all fused five and six membered rings
B) they are all six membered rings
C) they all have at least one corbonyl group attached to the six-membered ring
D) they all bond to the sugar ring through the number 1 carbon of the base
E) they are all nitrogen containing aromatic compounds.
15)
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16) The purine bases are
A) 6 membered ring systems containing 2 ring nitrogens.
B) fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 2 nitrogens.
C) fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
D) 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
E) none of the above
16)
17) The pyrimidine bases are
A) fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
B) 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
C) fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 2 nitrogens.
D) 6 membered ring systems containing 2 ring nitrogens.
E) none of the above.
17)
18) The sugar found in an an RNA nucleotide is ________.
A) D-rhamnose
B) D-raffinose
C) D-ribose
D) 2-deoxy-D-ribose
E) all of the above
18)
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
19) This question has three parts:
a. Describe the similarities and differences of purines and pyrimidines.
b. List the specific bases in each category that are important in nucleic acids.
c. Describe their interactions in DNA and RNA.
19)
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
20) The backbone of a nucleic acid molecule consists of
A) complementary bases joined by hydrogen bonds.
B) alternating nitrogen bases and phosphate groups linked by amide bonds and strengthened by
hydrogen bonds.
C) alternating sugar and nitrogen base groups linked by amide bonds.
D) sugar molecules bonded from the #3 carbon of one molecule to the #5 carbon of the other by
glycosidic linkages.
E) alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphate ester bonds.
20)
21) Which statement does not correctly describe structural differences between DNA and RNA?
A) RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.
B) RNA molecules are generally single-stranded.
C) The sugar in RNA has one more hydroxyl group than the sugar in DNA.
D) RNA molecules have a lower molecular mass than DNA molecules.
E) All of the statements are correct.
21)
22) In a molecule of DNA, the sugar of one nucleotide binds through its ________ hydroxyl group to
the ________ hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide by forming a phosphate ester.
A) 3', 5'
B) 3', 3'
C) 5', 5'
D) 1', 5'
E) 1', 3'
22)
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23) rRNA is associated with what part of the cell?
A) mitochondrion
B) nucleus
C) ribosome
D) cell membrane
E) cytoplasm
23)
24) The number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine in DNA is ________.
A) 3
B) 4
C) 1
D) 2
E) 0
24)
25) The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine in DNA is ________.
A) 4
B) 1
C) 3
D) 2
E) 0
25)
26) One pair of nitrogen bases in DNA is
A) adenine and guanine.
B) adenine and thymine.
C) adenine and cytosine.
D) adenine and uracil.
E) none of the above
26)
27) One pair of nitrogen bases in DNA is
A) guanine and thymine.
B) guanine and cytosine.
C) guanine and adenine.
D) guanine and uracil.
E) none of the above
27)
28) The number of hydrogen bonds between guanine and adenine in DNA is ________.
A) 3
B) 0
C) 4
D) 1
28)
E) 2
29) In DNA, a DNA sequence complementary to the strand shown below is
29)
C-G-G-T-T-A-G
A) C-G-G-T-T-A-G.
B) A-T-T-G-G-C-T.
C) G-C-C-A-A-T-C.
D) G-C-C-U-U-U-C.
E) G-C-C-U-U-A-C.
30) What is the complementary strand for a single DNA strand with the sequence TCGA?
A) TCGA
B) AGCT
C) TGCA
D) GATC
E) CTAC
30)
31) The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and thymine in DNA is ________.
A) 4
B) 1
C) 0
D) 2
E) 3
31)
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32) When a new strand of RNA is transcribed from the DNA strand shown, its base sequence will be
Informational strand of DNA:
Template strand of DNA:
32)
TTACGGAT
AATGCCTA
A) AAUGCCUA.
B) AATGCCTA.
C) TTACGGAT.
D) UUACGGAU.
E) UUTGCCTU.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
33) Explain the term base pairing and its relationship to replication of DNA.
33)
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
34) The central dogma of molecular genetics states that
A) each amino acid is coded by a unique set of three base pairs.
B) DNA stores genetic information and RNA reads, decodes, and uses that information.
C) every copy of DNA is an exact replica of the parent molecule.
D) replication of DNA is a semiconservative process.
E) in DNA and RNA adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with
guanine.
34)
35) The process of manufacturing an identical copy of a DNA molecule is called
A) mutation.
B) replication.
C) translation.
D) translocation.
E) transcription.
35)
36) In replication of DNA, each new double strand consists of one template strand and one new strand.
Therefore, replication is said to be
A) polymeric.
B) repetitive.
C) semiconservative.
D) catabolic.
E) none of these
36)
37) All of the following are associated with replication of DNA except
A) replication fork.
B) DNA ligase.
C) DNA polymerase.
D) hydrogen bonds.
E) amino acids.
37)
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38) All of the statements about RNA are correct except
A) RNA molecules are smaller than DNA molecules, but form double helices like DNA.
B) Transfer RNA delivers amino acids to the protein chain as it is being manufactured.
C) RNA does not contain thymine.
D) Messenger RNA is complementary to the template strand of its DNA, and almost identical to
the informational strand of the DNA.
E) RNA can exist in three forms: rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA.
38)
39) Transcription is
A) production of a single strand of RNA from the template strand of DNA.
B) production of a single strand of RNA identical to the information strand of DNA.
C) breakdown of damaged nucleic acids to prevent mutations.
D) copying of DNA molecules to make an exact duplicate.
E) making a protein molecule based on information contained in RNA.
39)
40) A codon is
A) a sequence of three nucleotides in RNA that codes for specific amino acids or for chain
termination.
B) a sequence of three amino acids that translates to a specific nucleotide in RNA.
C) all the segments of DNA needed to direct the production of a specific protein.
D) the collection of DNA that stores all the genetic information for an individual organism.
E) a complex of proteins and DNA which is associated with cell division.
40)
41) The process in which information from DNA is used to manufacture RNA is called
A) mutation.
B) transcription.
C) translocation.
D) translation.
E) replication.
41)
42) Translation is
A) production of a single strand of RNA from the template strand of DNA.
B) copying of DNA molecules to make an exact duplicate.
C) breakdown of damaged nucleic acids to prevent mutations.
D) production of a single strand of RNA identical to the information strand of DNA.
E) making a protein molecule based on information contained in RNA.
42)
43) The process in which information contained in RNA is used to manufacture proteins is called
A) mutation.
B) translation.
C) translocation.
D) replication.
E) transcription.
43)
44) After initiation of protein production, the correct order for the steps in the manufacture of proteins
is
I. translocation
II. peptide bond formation
III. termination
IV. tRNA binding with ribosome
A) I, II, III, IV
B) I, IV, II, III
C) IV, II, I, III
D) II, I, IV, III
E) IV, I, II, III
44)
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MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following.
45) nucleoside
46) nucleotide
47) purine bases
48) pyrimidine bases
49) purine
50) pyrimidine
51) tRNA
52) mRNA
53) rRNA
54) genetic code
55) codon
A) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies
sequences of amino acids in protein
synthesis
B) a specific chemical combination of ribose
or deoxyribose, one of the five purine or
pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,
and one or more phosphate groups
45)
46)
47)
48)
C) a category of base found in nucleic acids
consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic
molecule
49)
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose
or deoxyribose and one of the five purine
or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids
51)
E) the ribonucleic acid whose function is to
deliver the amino acids into position for
protein synthesis
53)
F) one of three specific bases consisting of a
heterocyclic ring with various substituted
functional groups and found in DNA and
RNA
G) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code
transcribed from DNA and directs protein
synthesis
H) one of two specific bases consisting of two
interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in
DNA and RNA
I) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of
the ribosome and protein complex that
synthesizes other proteins
J) a group of three nucleotides in RNA that
code for specific amino acids or for
termination of the protein chain
K) a category of base found in nucleic acids
consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic
molecule fused with a 5-membered
heterocyclic molecule
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50)
52)
54)
55)
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED2
1) E
2) C
3) C
4) C
5) D
6) B
7) D
8) C
9) D
10) A
11) C
12) A
13) C
14) B
15) E
16) C
17) D
18) C
19) a. A purine is a molecule that consists of a five-membered and a six-membered ring structure joined at one side with
four carbon atoms replaced by nitrogen. A pyrimidine is an aromatic structure in which two carbons are replaced by
nitrogen atoms.
b. The specific purines found in nucleic acids are adenine and guanine; each of these has different functional groups
on the ring structure. The specific pyrimidines found in nuclei acids are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. As in purines,
each of these has specific functional groups on the ring structure.
c. In DNA, these bases interact by forming hydrogen bonds: thymine and adenine form two hydrogen bonds, and
cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. Each of these base pairs is about the same size, allowing their
interactions to join two separate strands of DNA with a constant distance between the sugar-phosphate backbones.
Hydrogen bonds allow the two-stranded molecule to be reasonably sturdy, but to be able to separate without a
prohibitive expenditure of energy. Similar interactions between the bases occur in transcription, when DNA produces
RNA.
20) E
21) E
22) A
23) C
24) D
25) C
26) B
27) B
28) B
29) C
30) B
31) C
32) D
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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED2
33) In DNA, the bases are not involved in the backbone of the molecule, so they are free to interact by forming hydrogen
bonds: thymine and adenine form two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. Each
of these base pairs is about the same size, allowing their interactions to join two separate strands of DNA with a
constant distance between the sugar-phosphate backbones. Hydrogen bonds allow the two-stranded molecule to be
reasonably sturdy, but to be able to separate without a prohibitive expenditure of energy. Pairing of adenine with
cytosine or guanine with thymine would not result in the same regularity of structure in DNA. Furthermore, early
experimental evidence of DNA showed that the mole ratios of A to T and of G to C were always one to one, but the
number of moles of A and G or C were not necessarily equal. The mole ratios and the hydrogen bonding idea, along
with crystallographic data, were what led Watson and Crick to propose the double helix structure for DNA.
34) B
35) B
36) C
37) E
38) A
39) A
40) A
41) B
42) E
43) B
44) C
45) D
46) B
47) H
48) F
49) K
50) C
51) E
52) G
53) I
54) A
55) J
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