Download Chapters 9-10 Fall 2005

Chapters 9-10 Fall 2005
Created: 9:40:08 AM GMT-08:00
1. The cytoplasmic extensions that provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are
A.
neurofibrils.
B.
Nissl fibers.
C.
axons.
D.
dendrites.
2. Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear
A.
white.
B.
gray.
C.
brown.
D.
transparent.
3. When a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of
A.
sodium and potassium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane.
B.
sodium and potassium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane.
C.
sodium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the
outside.
D.
sodium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and potassium ions is higher on the
inside.
4. Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?
A.
receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, effector
B.
effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron
C.
effector, sensory neuron, receptor, interneuron, motor neuron
D.
receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
5. The part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscle movements is the
A.
cerebrum.
B.
brain stem.
C.
cerebellum.
D.
corpus callosum.
6. Which of the following is most closely associated with the diencephalon?
A.
thalamus
B.
cerebral aqueduct
C.
cerebral peduncles
D.
red nucleus
7. The complex network of tiny islands of gray matter within the brain that activates the cerebral cortex to a
state of wakefulness is the
A.
dentate nucleus.
B.
reticular formation.
C.
limbic system.
D.
corpora quadrigemina.
8. The phrenic nerves arise from the
A.
cervical plexuses.
B.
brachial plexuses.
C.
lumbar plexuses.
D.
sacral plexuses.
9. In the central nervous system, myelin is formed by
A.
Schwann cells.
B.
oligodendrocytes.
C.
astrocytes.
D.
microglial cells.
10. Within the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid occupies the
A.
lumbar enlargement.
B.
gray commissure.
C.
epidural space.
D.
subarachnoid space.
11. Ischemic cell change is caused by a lack of
A.
sodium ions.
B.
potassium ions.
C.
oxygen.
D.
carbon dioxide.
12. Drugs that decrease membrane permeability to sodium
A.
are used as local anesthetics.
B.
prevent nerve impulses from passing.
C.
cause a loss in the perception of pain.
D.
All of the choices are correct.
13. The drug caffeine stimulates the activity of the nervous system by
A.
exhausting the supply of neurotransmitters.
B.
stabilizing neuron membranes.
C.
lowering the thresholds at synapses.
D.
interfering with the actions of sodium ions.
14. During an action potential, repolarization occurs as a result of
A.
potassium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane.
B.
potassium ions diffusing to the inside of the cell membrane.
C.
sodium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane.
D.
sodium ions diffusing to the inside of the cell membrane.
15. In the case of a subdural hematoma resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the
A.
dura mater and the skull.
B.
dura mater and arachnoid mater.
C.
pia mater and brain.
D.
arachnoid mater and brain.
16. An infant's responses to stimuli are coarse and undifferentiated because nerve fibers
A.
have not yet appeared.
B.
are incapable of carrying impulses.
C.
have not yet developed connections to the brain.
D.
are not completely myelinated.
17. Interneurons are specialized to carry impulses from receptor cells into the brain or spinal cord.
True False
18. Nodes of Ranvier occur between adjacent neurons.
True False
19. A deficiency of calcium in the body can result in continuous muscle contractions, or tetany.
True False
20. The subarachnoid space within the meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid.
True False
21. The gray commissure of the spinal cord surrounds the central canal.
True False
22. The arbor vitae is found in the cerebrum.
True False
23. Brain damage to the temporal lobe, where recent memory is processed, can result in the inability to form
long-term memory.
True False
24. Pain receptors
A.
are generally stimulated by factors that can cause tissue damage.
B.
tend to adapt rapidly.
C.
are among the most specialized of the receptors.
D.
are widely distributed in the nerve tissues of the brain.
25. The olfactory receptors are examples of
A.
thermoreceptors.
B.
mechanoreceptors.
C.
chemoreceptors.
D.
proprioceptors.
26. The hearing receptors are contained within the
A.
ampulla.
B.
organ of Corti.
C.
utricle.
D.
saccule.
27. The range of human hearing is about
A.
2,000–3,000 vibrations per second.
B.
2,000–200,000 vibrations per second.
C.
20–20,000 vibrations per second.
D.
2–2,000 vibrations per second.
28. Which of the following correctly lists the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?
A.
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
B.
aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
C.
vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
D.
cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor
29. Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye?
A.
ciliary body
B.
retina
C.
choroid coat
D.
sclera
30. The lens of the eye thickens when the
A.
suspensory ligaments pull on the lens capsule.
B.
ciliary processes relax.
C.
ciliary muscles relax.
D.
ciliary muscles contract.
31. The sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to lights that are
A.
red, green, and blue.
B.
red, blue, and yellow.
C.
green, yellow, and purple.
D.
orange, green, and purple.
32. Rod cells contain the pigment
A.
erythrolabe.
B.
C.
D.
rhodopsin.
epinephrine.
endolymph.
33. The auditory nerve pathways carry impulses to the auditory cortices in the
A.
occipital lobes.
B.
temporal lobes.
C.
parietal lobes.
D.
frontal lobes.
34. The auditory ossicles are located within the
A.
external ear.
B.
middle ear.
C.
inner ear.
D.
bony labyrinth.
35. Olfactory receptor cells are best described as
A.
connective tissue cells.
B.
squamous epithelial cells.
C.
columnar epithelial cells.
D.
neurons.
36. Which of the following structures contain pain receptors?
A.
meninges on the surface of the brain
B.
blood vessels within the brain
C.
meninges on the surface of the brain and blood vessels within the brain
D.
neither meninges on the surface of the brain nor blood vessels within the brain
37. Blowing the nose improperly may cause an infection within the auditory tube to spread into the
A.
outer ear.
B.
middle ear.
C.
inner ear.
D.
cochlea.
38. Which of the following would cause a form of conductive deafness?
A.
torn tympanic membrane
B.
tumor in the brain
C.
damage to the auditory tube
D.
use of streptomycin
39. Worldwide, blindness is most commonly caused by changes in the
A.
vascular tunic.
B.
nervous tunic.
C.
cornea.
D.
lens.
40. Which of the following best describes the reason that so many persons in need of treatment fail to undergo
cornea transplantation?
A.
transplantation reactions are very severe
B.
low success rate of such treatment
C.
lack of donor tissue
D.
lack of corneal blood vessels
41. Treatment for cataract usually involves removal of the
A.
cornea
B.
sclera
C.
lens
D.
vitreous humor
42. The disorder called glaucoma is usually caused by
A.
clouding of the lens.
B.
clouding of the lens capsule.
C.
excessive accumulation of vitreous humor.
D.
excessive accumulation of aqueous humor.
43. Night blindness is most commonly caused by
A.
damage to the cornea.
B.
damage to the optic nerve.
C.
an improper diet.
D.
a toxic effect of vitamin A.
44. Floaters that cast shadows on the visual receptors are usually located within the
A.
vitreous humor.
B.
aqueous humor.
C.
lens.
D.
cornea.
45. The auditory ossicles are located within the inner ear.
True False
46. The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated with the sense of dynamic equilibrium.
True False
47. Tears contain an enzyme that functions to reduce the chances of developing an eye infection.
True False
48. When the radial muscles of the iris contract, the diameter of the pupil decreases.
True False
49. Referred pain occurs when the brain projects the sensation back to the original source in the body from
which the pain originated.
True False
50. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision.
True False
Chapters 9-10 Fall 2005 KEY
Created: 9:40:08 AM GMT-08:00
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. D
11. C
12. D
13. C
14. A
15. B
16. D
17. FALSE
18. FALSE
19. TRUE
20. TRUE
21. TRUE
22. FALSE
23. TRUE
24. A
25. C
26. B
27. C
28. A
29. B
30. D
31. A
32. B
33. B
34. B
35. D
36. C
37. B
38. A
39. C
40. C
41. C
42. D
43. C
44. A
45. FALSE
46. FALSE
47. TRUE
48. FALSE
49. FALSE
50. TRUE