Download Senior Science, Biology and Earth Science (125 questions) 1.) What

Senior Science, Biology and Earth Science (125 questions)
1.) What is an area of volcanic activity far from a tectonic plate boundary?
a. Hot spot
b. Island arc
c. Mantle plume
d. Cone
2.) Where do most volcanoes occur?
a. Randomly
b. Along divergent boundaries
c. Along convergent boundaries
d. Far from tectonic plate boundaries
3.) Volcanic island arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary?
a. Divergent boundary
b. Convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary
c. Convergent oceanic-continental boundary
d. Convergent continental-continental boundary
4.) Which type of volcano would be the least explosive?
a. stratovolcano
b. composite cone
c. shield volcano
d. cinder one
5.) What type of volcanism is associated with the Hawaiian Islands?
a. Subduction zone volcanism
b. Intraplate volcanism at a hot spot
c. Volcanism at a divergent plate boundary
d. Volcanism at a convergent plate boundary
6.) Lava from volcanoes that erupt under water cools rapidly. This may result in the
formation of which rounded structure?
a. Gabbros
b. Shield volcano
c. Pillow lava
d. Black smokers
7.) An opening on the earth’s surface through which molten rock flows and the material
that builds up around the opening together form a _________________.
a. Trench
b. Volcano
c. Subduction zone
d. Convergent boundary
8.) A broad volcanic feature formed by quiet eruptions on thin lava flows is called a
a. Rift
b. Cinder cone
c. Strato-volcano
d. Shield zone
9.) Which of the following formations would most likely result from a single violent
volcanic eruption?
a. Vent
b. Caldera
c. Cinder cone
d. Shield volcano
10.) What is formed when a magma chamber empties and collapses?
a. A vent
b. A crater
c. A fissure
d. A caldera
11.) Before a volcanic eruption, seismic activity seems to ________________.
a. increase in both frequency and intensity
b. decrease in both frequency and intensity
c. increase in frequency and decrease in intensity
d. decrease in frequency and increase in intensity
12.) Volcanic belts form along
a. islands in the Pacific Ocean.
b. North American mountain ranges.
c. the boundaries of Earth’s plates.
d. the coast of Antarctica.
13.) The viscosity of magma depends upon its silica content and its
_________________.
a. pahoehoe
b. temperature
c. magnetism
d. pyroclastic flow
14.) What is the long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth’s
surface?
a. vent
b. side vent
c. pipe
d. crater
15.) If a volcano’s magma is high in silica, the volcano will probably
_______________________.
a. erupt quietly
b. remain dormant
c. erupt explosively
d. produce dark-colored lava
16.) What is pahoehoe?
a. Cooler, slower-moving lava
b. Fast-moving, hot lava
c. Volcanic ash
d. Lava that is carrying a lot of debris
17.) What is it called when groundwater is heated by magma, then rises to the surface
and collects in a natural pool?
a. Hot spring
b. Geyser
c. Vent
d. Pyroclastic flow
18.) In volcanic areas, what is groundwater heated by magma a source of?
a. Lava flows
b. Silica
c. Geothermal energy
d. Pyroclastic flows
19.) Which of the following volcano hazards is made up of rocky particles about the size
of a grain of sand?
a. Volcanic bombs
b. Pahoehoe
c. Volcanic cinders
d. Volcanic ash
20.) What is the main hazard from a quiet volcanic eruption?
a. Volcanic gases
b. Lava flows
c. Geysers
d. Pyroclastic flows
21.) Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are
called ______________________.
a. shield volcanoes
b. cinder cone volcanoes
c. composite volcanoes
d. lava plateaus
22.) When many layers of thin, runny lava build up a high, level area, what is the result?
a. Lava plateau
b. Shield volcano
c. Cinder cone volcano
d. Composite volcano
23.) Which type of rock would you expect to form as the result of an explosive eruption?
a. Pahoehoe
b. Granite
c. Pumice
d. Morganite
24.) What is the landform that forms when a mass of hardened magma is uplifted,
causing the layers of rock to bend upward?
a. Volcanic neck
b. Mesa
c. Lava plateau
d. Dome mountain
25.) What is the major ingredient of magma?
a. Pahoehoe
b. Silica
c. Gases
d. Obsidian
26.) What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before an
eruption?
a. Upward movement of magma
b. Pyroclastic flow
c. Cooling magma inside the crust
d. Plate tectonics
27.) What is lava called before it reaches the surface?
a. Rock
b. Magma
c. Volcanic ash
d. Liquid fire
28.) The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form a(n)
____________.
a. hot spot
b. mid-ocean ridge
c. island arc
d. subducting plate
29.) A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust is called
a __________.
a. neck
b. dike
c. lava plateau
d. batholith
30.) What do we call a volcano that may erupt again at some time in the future?
a. Active
b. Dormant
c. Explosive
d. Extinct
31.) The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a
__________________.
a. lava plateau
b. caldera
c. cinder cone
d. shield volcano
32.) If geologists detect many small earthquakes in the area near a volcano, what can
they infer about the volcano?
a. It is dormant.
b. It is probably about to erupt.
c. It is extinct.
d. It is a good source of geothermal energy.
33.) Several kilometers from a volcano, a geologist observes an old lava flow made up
of dark-colored basalt rock. The geologist infers that the lava must have had
___________.
a. high silica content
b. high viscosity
c. low viscosity
d. medium viscosity
34.) When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano’s vent,
what is the result?
a. Cinder cone volcano
b. Shield volcano
c. Composite volcano
d. Dormant volcano
35.) When magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe, the result will eventually be a landform
called a
a. batholith.
b. dike.
c. volcanic neck.
d. sill.
36.) What provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface?
a. The silica in the magma
b. Dissolved gases trapped in the magma
c. Gravity in the lithosphere
d. The density of the magma
37.) Which of the following helps to determine how easily magma flows?
a. The amount of silica in the magma
b. The diameter of the pipe
c. The size of the crater
d. The number of vents on the volcano
38.) What is the name of the mass of rock that forms when magma cools inside the
Earth’s crust?
a. Dike
b.Sill
c. Caldera
d. Batholith
39.) A quiet eruption may produce slow moving, cooler lava that hardens to form rough
chunks. What is this type of lava is called?
a. Magma
b. Volcanic rock
c. Morganite
d. aa
40.) What is a shield volcano made of?
a. Oceanic crust
b. Ash and cinders
c. Basic lava
d. Acidic lava
41.) What can be formed at a convergent boundary?
a. Cinder cone volcano
b. Vent
c. Shield volcano
d. New crust
42.) Which of these is NOT typical of a stratovolcano?
a. Many types of low viscosity lava
b. One type of very low viscosity lava
c. One type of very viscous lava
d. Layered appearance with lakars and debris flows
43.) What happens at divergent boundaries?
a. The sea floor spreads and magma rises up to fill the gap, forming oceanic ridges and
submarine volcanoes.
b. Magma rises up and heat up the surrounding water to form tsunamis.
c. A gap is formed and surrounding water rushes in to cool the magma into a lower layer
of crust.
d. A gap is formed and heat from the core of the earth creates hot springs and geysers.
44.) Which of the following is an example of a stratovolcano?
a. Sunset Crater
b. Mauna Kia
c. Mauna Loa
d. Mt. Etna
45.) Which of the following is true of a flank eruption?
a. It must tap the main magma source
b. It may tap the main magma source
c. It taps magma from a secondary source
d. It produces a different type of magma from the main cone
46.) Where can volcanoes form?
a. Underwater
b. On land
c. Between tectonic plates
d. All of the above
47.) What are two greenhouse gases released by volcanoes?
a. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide
b. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride
c. hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide
d. carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide
48.) What is the world’s largest shield volcano?
a. Mt. St. Helens
b. Mt. Etna
c. Mauna Loa
d. Mt. Agua
49.) Which type of volcano has gentle slopes?
a. Shield volcano
b. Stratovolcano
c. Scoria cone volcano
d. Splatter cone volcano
50.) Where is cold, denser mantle found?
a. A mid-oceanic ridge
b. A mid-oceanic trench
c. A mid-oceanic geyser
d. A mid-oceanic bridge
51.) What are volcanic gasses that escape through a hole in the side of a volcano?
a. Parasitic cone
b. Fumerole
c. Summit crater
d. Magma chamber
52.) Where is volcanism least present?
a. divergent plate boundary
b. convergent plate boundary
c. transform plate boundary
d. adduction plate boundary
53.) Which of the following is a type of volcano that has gentle lower slopes, but steep
upper slopes?
a. shield volcano
b. stratovolcano
c. scoria cone volcano
d. splatter cone volcano
54.) What does spreading center volcanism produce?
a. green smokers
b. mid-oceanic ridges
c. mid-continental ridges
d. geysers
55.) What is a batholith?
a. A massive pluton that cools slowly
b. The first stage in the formation of metamorphic rocks
c. Usually generates fine textured igneous rocks
d. A moderate size pluton that forms just below the Earth's surface
56.) Divergent plate boundaries are characteristic of what?
a. Seafloor spreading centers
b. All plate boundaries
c. Lateral motions of plates
d. Collision zones of compression between plates
57.) Which of the following is true of volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands?
a. It is descriptive of magma generated by plate subduction.
b. It produces andesite-type volcanoes.
c. It is illustrative of magma generate at a mid-ocean rift zone.
d. It results from magma intrusion through ocean crust that has been moving across the
top of a hot-spot magma convection flow.
58.) Which of the following is true of a laccolith?
a. It usually cools more rapidly than a batholith.
b. It usually is larger in size than a batholith.
c. It is illustrated by the local hot-spot landforms of the Hawaiian Islands.
d. It represents a place where extrusive igneous rocks form.
59.) Where do the youngest rocks at the Earth's surface tend to be located?
a. On major mountain range where the crust is thickest
b. Near the midocean ridge
c. Near ocean trenches where subduction is occurring
d. The to shield region of North America
60.) Shiprock, New Mexico, formed from lava solidifying in the "throat" of a volcano.
Today, the exposed sharp spire is called a _________________.
a. batholith
b. dike
c. volcanic neck
d. sill
61.) Mount Fuji, Mount Rainier, and Mount Shasta are all
a. composite volcanoes.
b. lava domes.
c. shield volcanoes.
d. cinder cones.
62.) A caldera forms
a. over a batholith.
b. from the collapse of a laccolith.
c. from the intrusion of a dike.
d. from the collapse of a volcanic crater.
63.) A volcano which is composed of lava flows and pyroclastic material and which is
steep-sided and very tall is known as:
a. Syncline
b. Composite cone
c. Anticline
d. none of these
64.) The solidified lava of a volcano belongs to which rock family?
a. igneous
b. metamorphic
c. sedimentary
d. fossilized
65.) Iceland has a great deal of volcanic activity. Why is this?
a. It was formed above a mid-ocean rift.
b. It is part of the "Ring of Fire".
c. Two tectonic plates are rubbing against each other under Iceland.
d. The American plate is diving under the European plate in this region.
66.) Which of the following was the Roman god of fire?
a. Jupiter
b. Neptune
c. Vulcan
d. Ceres
67.) In what year did Mt. Vesuvius erupt?
a. AD 26
b. AD 32
c. AD 79
d. AD 113
68.) Which of the following volcanoes in Italy is not active?
a. Mt. Vesuvius
b. Vulsini
c. Mt. Etna
d. Stromboli
69.) What results when an oceanic plate subducts under another oceanic plate?
a. Island-arc volcano
b. Rift volcano
c. Spreading center
d. Continental rift zone
70.) What results when plates move away from each other, spreading or splitting the
earth’s surface?
a. Island-arc volcano
b. Rift volcano
c. Continental rift zone
d. Anticline
71.) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cinder cone volcano?
a. Made up of ash and cinders
b. Mainly explosive volcanoes
c. Steep cone-shaped hills
d. Relatively large in size
72.) Stratovolcanoes can also be called __________________ volcanoes.
a. cinder cone
b. shield
c. composite
d. lava dome
73.) Which type of volcano is formed when rapid streams of lava spread and then cool,
forming smooth, gentle slops?
a. cinder cone
b. shield
c. composite
d. lava dome
74.) When lava is so viscous that it mounds over the vent without flowing away, what
forms?
a. cinder cone
b. shield
c. composite
d. lava dome
75.) Which of the following is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of pyroclastic
material, rocky debris, and water?
a. Lava
b. Pumice
c. Lahar
d. Magma
76.) Which of the following is a light, porous volcanic rock that forms during explosive
eruptions?
a. Lava
b. Pumice
c. Lahar
d. Magma
77.) What is the world’s largest active volcano?
a. Mauna Loa
b. Mauna Kea
c. Mt. St. Helens
c. Mt. Etna
78.) How many tectonic plates are there on Earth?
a. 7
b. 10
c. 17
d. 27
79.) Submarine eruptions of volcanoes ________________________.
a. cannot occur because water causes magma to solidify too quickly
b. form pillow basalts
c. have never been observed
d. none of these
80.) The most common type of volcano in the "Ring of Fire" is a
_________________________.
a. composite volcano
b. shield volcano
c. cinder cone
d. volcanic fissure
81.) Which of the following best describes subduction?
a. Movement of tectonic plates away from each other
b. Movement of one tectonic plate against another
c. Movement of one tectonic plate under another
d. Side-by-side movement of two tectonic plates
82.) Which of the following could be a global effect of a volcanic eruption?
a. cooler temperatures
b. cleaner air
c. warmer temperatures
d. clear skies
83.) Which of the following is a benefit of volcanic eruptions?
a. Volcanic ash released into the atmosphere
b. Warmer temperatures
c. Flooding from melting snow caps
d. Volcanic soil for farming
84.) Where do shield volcanoes usually form?
a. At Earth’s core
b. In lava tubes
c. In mantle chambers
d. At hot spots
85.) What is a volcano?
a. A chamber in Earth’s crust for storing magma
b. A mountain range
c. A mudflow formed from ash and water
d. A vent in Earth’s surface through which magma passes
86.) What is the Ring of Fire?
a. A chamber in Earth’s crust for storing magma
b. Volcanoes that formed near hot spots
c. An area in the Pacific Ocean with many volcanoes
d. A vent in Earth’s surface through which magma is expelled
87.) What is volcanic soil used for?
a. Predicting future eruptions
b. Electricity
c. Filtering water
d. Farming
88.) Rock begins to melt when
a. both pressure and temperature decrease.
b. both pressure and temperature increase.
c. temperature increases and pressure decreases.
d. temperature decreases and pressure increases.
89.) Magma that explodes from a volcano and solidifies in the air is called
a. fissures.
b. volcanic bombs.
c. pyroclastic material.
d. molten rock.
90.) Which of the following flows out quickly and forms a brittle crust?
a. Blocky lava
b. aa lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
91.) Which of the following forms from underwater eruptions?
a. Blocky lava
b. aa lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
92.) Which of the following oozes from a volcano and does not travel far?
a. Blocky lava
b. aa lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
93.) Which of the following forms a thin crust that wrinkles as molten lava moves
underneath?
a. Blocky lava
b. aa lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
94.) Which of the following is a liquid that is heated to hundreds of degrees and contains
large amounts of heat energy?
a. Lava
b. Magma
c. Geothermal water
d. Lahar
95.) Which of the following describes the sequence of events before, during, and after a
volcanic eruption?
a. Lava flows out, the lava cools and hardens into rock, magma pushes up through the
earth’s crust.
b. The magma pushes up through the earth’s crust, lava flows out, the lava cools and
hardens into rock.
c. The lava cools and hardens into rock, magma pushes up through the earth’s crust.
d. None of the above.
96.) What is an extinct volcano?
a. A volcano that erupts every few years.
b. A volcano that erupts occasionally.
c. A volcano that no longer erupts.
d. A volcano that blow off an entire mountain top.
97.) Most volcanoes form ________________________
a. Where the plates of the earth come together.
b. In the middle of the ocean.
c. Where there are large holes in the ground.
d. In the mountains.
98.) What was the most destructive volcano in the history of the United States?
a. Kilauea, Hawaii.
b. Mauna Loa, Hawaii
c. Mount St. Helens
d. Surtsey, Iceland
99.) The infamous volcano that erupted in 79 AD was Mt. _________, and wiped out the
city of __________.
a. Herculaneum; Pergamum
b. Pompeii; Herculaneum
c. Stromboli; Pinotubo
d. Vesuvius; Pompeii
100.) The rapid flow of lava, rock, and ejected gasses from a volcano is also known as
_________.
a. pyrotechnic flow
b. cladistic flow
c. pyroclastic flow
d. effusive flow
101.) Most of the immediate deaths from the eruption of Vesuvius were apparently the
result of __________.
a. victims being incinerated by lava flow or lava bombs
b. people being trapped in their dwellings by encroaching lava
c. suffocation and heat damage from falling ash and/or rapid mudflows
d. pyroclastic debris crushing dwellings with people still inside.
102.) Mt. Vesuvius is generally classified as which kind of volcano?
a. Shield
b. Pyroclastic depression
c. Stratovolcano
d. Cinder cone
103.) The person who wrote two epistles on the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, as seen
from his position at a safe distance, was ______.
a.Pliny the Younger
b.Pliny the Elder
c.Galen the Navigator
d.Paracles the Recorder
104.) Who was the author of The Natural History?
a. Pliny the Younger
b. Pliny the Elder
c. Galen the Naturalist
d. Paracelcus the Physician
105.) Because of his keen attention to detail in the descriptions of the eruption of Mount
Vesuvius, modern volcanologists named a type of volcano after whom?
a. Plinian eruptions named for Pliny the Elder
b. Plinian eruptions named for Pliny the Younger
c. Galilean eruptions named for Galen the Naturalist
d. Herculean eruptions named for Celsius of the city of Herculaneum
106.) Galen’s anatomical works were primarily based upon _________.
a. dissections of human cadavers
b. his observations on the battlefields of the Peloponnesian wars
c. dissections of animals, such as the Barbary macaque and pigs
d. the works of Aristotle, written many years before
107.) “The Best Doctor is also a Philosopher” was a statement written by
___________________.
a.Pliny the Younger
b.Pliny the Elder
c.Paracelsus
d.Galen
108.) Galen’s practice of medicine was greatly influenced by the philosophy and
practice ___________________.
a. of Hippocrates and the philosophy of the Four Humors
b. of Pliny the Elder and the Stochastic School of Medicine
c. that he originated himself through years of study
d. of Commodus, whom he lived with for many years as a servant
109.) The work, The Natural History, can best be thought of as
____________________.
a. an autobiography of Pliny the Younger
b. an autobiography of Pliny the Elder
c. a description of the scientific method to be used to understand the world
d. an encyclopedia of then current knowledge
110.) What was Pliny the Elder’s occupation for most of his life?
a. as a physician
b. as an architect
c. as a scientist
d. in the military
111.) In his work, The Natural History, Pliny the Elder provides some information about
mice. Two interesting facts he believed are ______________ and _______________.
a. mice are wingless bats, and mice are clumsy
b. elephants are afraid of mice, and rubbing mouse feces on a head can cure baldness
c. mice got to Europe by swimming from Africa, and eating a live mouse can cure a
“wasting disease”
d. mice are responsible for spreading the plague, and for spreading Lyme disease
112.) Which of the following historical figures died in the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius?
a. Pliny the Younger
b. Pliny the Elder
c. Tacitus
d. Galen
113.) The eruption of Mt. Vesuvius famously destroyed which two cities?
a. Pompeii and Herculaneum
b. Pompeii and Rome
c. Rome and Naples
d. Naples and Florence
114.) What is the VEI of an Ultra Plinian volcanic eruption?
a. 4-6
b. 6-8
c. 8-10
d. 10-12
115.) What Roman physician's studies of human anatomy based on lower animals
served as the only text on the subject for nearly 13 centuries?
a. Cartrum
b. Polonius
c. Galen
d. Monterius
116.) Galen’s understanding of anatomy and medicine was principally influenced by the
then-current theory of humorism. What is humorism?
a. A system of medicine that asserts that people can be cured of ailments through
exercise and comedy.
b. A surgical procedure where parts of the brain are removed to cure depression and
seizures.
c. A school of thought that people you can determine an individual’s personality traits by
examining the lumps and contours of their head.
d. A system of medicine positing that an excess or deficiency of any of four distinct
bodily fluids in a person directly influences their temperament and health.
117.) Who wrote De. motu musculorum?
a. Pliny the Younger
b. Pliny the Elder
c. Galen
d. Tacitus
118.) In the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius on 79 CE, people in Herculaneum were killed
________.
a. quickly by burial in a lava flow
b. poisoned slowly by drinking water contaminated by the eruption
c. instantly by burial in ash at ~ 500°C
d. slowly by famine due to destruction of crops
119.) In the last 300 years, Mt. Vesuvius has erupted on average every ______ years
a. 95
b. 67
c. 39
d. 17
120.) Mt. Vesuvius last erupted in _________
a. 1944
b. 1966
c. 1988
d. 1999
121.) 80% of the lavas extruded from Earth are composed of
a. rhyolite
b. obsidian
c. basalt
d. granite
122.) An explosive and catastrophic volcanic eruption is least likely to occur
_______________.
a. at a subduction zone such as Japan
b. at continental hot spots such as Yellowstone National Park
c. in the Hawaiian Islands
d. in rift zones within continental crust such as the Rio Grande Rift
123.) Why are rhyolitic magmas generally more explosive than basaltic magmas?
a. The lower silica content and higher temperatures of rhyolitic magma allow the gas to
escape easily.
b. The higher silica content and higher temperatures of rhyolitic magma allow the gas to
escape easily.
c. The higher silica content and higher temperatures of rhyolitic magma make it difficult
for the gas to escape.
d. The higher silica content and lower temperatures of rhyolitic magma make it difficult
for the gas to escape.
124.) Mt. Vesuvius and other volcanoes in the Mediterranean region have formed
because of _____________.
a. rifting of Africa from Europe
b. subduction of the Mediterranean sea floor beneath Europe
c. continent-continent collision between Africa and Europe
d. strike-slip fault movement
125.) Magma viscosity increases with _______________.
a. Increasing temperature, increasing silica (SiO2) content, and increasing crystal
content
b. Decreasing temperature, increasing silica (SiO2) content, and increasing crystal
content
c. Decreasing temperature, decreasing silica (SiO2) content, and decreasing crystal
content
d. Increasing temperature, decreasing silica (SiO2) content, and decreasing crystal
content
1A
2C
3B
4C
5B
6C
7B
8D
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19D
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125B