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THE HOLOCAUST
(SHOAH)
WHAT ARE EXAMPLES IN HISTORY, IN
WHICH PEOPLE WERE
DISCRIMINATED AGAINST, HATED
BECAUSE OF THEIR RACE, RELIGION
OR POLITICAL TIES?
What is Genocide?

“The Systematic and purposeful destruction of a
racial, political, religious, or cultural group.”
The Who’s Who of the Nazi Party
Anti-Semitism

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Jews have faced
prejudice and
discrimination for over
2,000 years.
Jews were scapegoats
for many problems. (ex.
Killing of Jesus Christ,
the “Black Death”)

Political leaders who
used anti-Semitism as a
tool relied on the ideas
of racial science to
portray Jews as a race
instead of a religion.
The Plan…
The Nazi plan for dealing with the “Jewish
Question” evolved in three steps:
1. Expulsion: Get them out of Germany
2. Containment: Put them all together in one place –
namely ghettos
3. “Final Solution”: annihilation
Persecution
Nazis targeted other
individuals and groups in
addition to the Jews:
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Gypsies (Sinti and Roma)
Homosexual men
Jehovah’s Witness
Handicapped Germans
Poles
Political dissidents
NAZI
PROPAGANDA
The Effective Propagandist

"The effective propagandist must be a master of the art
of speech, of writing, or journalism, of the poster and of
the leaflet. He must have the gift to use the major
methods of influencing public opinion such as the press,
film and radio to serve his ideas and goals, above all in
an age of advancing technology. . . It may be good to
have power based on weapons. It is better and longer
lasting, however, to win and hold the heart of a nation."
-- Joseph Goebbels 1934
Master Race

Used in Nazism to
designate a supposed
master race of NonJewish Caucasians usually
having Nordic features.
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Chart Showing the Races of Germany
Blond hair and Blue eyes
Known as the Aryan Race
Nuremberg Laws
The Eternal Jew

The film The Eternal Jew was created to
justify the separation, exclusion, and
ultimately the destruction, of the Jewish
people. The narrator describes the
Jews of Poland as filthy, sly and ugly
and juxtaposes images of Jews with
rats. The goal of propaganda is
ultimately action. What does one do to
rats? Exterminate them. This was the
unstated message of the hate film.
Poster From the Nazi
Anti-Semitic Hate Film,
The Eternal Jew
Racial Superiority

Nazi pseudo-science
proclaimed the "Aryan
race" to be the superior,
culture producing race. Of
the Aryans, the fair Nordic
type was considered best.
German Propaganda Poster for
the Hitler Youth Organization
German Youth

By 1939, about 90% of the "Aryan"
children in Germany belonged to Nazi
youth groups. A massive propaganda
campaign was aimed at Germany's
youth. The Nazis indoctrinated boys
and girls in their duties to the state
from a young age. They saw education
as critical to the new Germany.
“All girls join us"
"Youth serves the Fuhrer. All ten-yearolds join the Hitler Youth."
For young men, service to the totalitarian state meant fighting the Fuhrer's wars,
but for women service meant producing racially pure children for the Reich.
U.S. and World Response
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Evian Conference 1938
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SS St. Louis
The Final Solution

The Nazis aimed to
control the Jewish
population by forcing
them to live in areas that
were designated for
Jews only, called
ghettos.
Wannsee Conference (1942)
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The Final Solution was
outlined by Reinhard
Heydrich who detailed
the plan to establish
death camps with gas
chambers.
What tactics did the Nazis use to get the
Jews to leave the Ghettos?
Deception
The Jews were told
that they were going
to ‘resettlement
areas’ in the East.
In some Ghettos
the Jews had to
purchase their
own train tickets.
They were told
to bring the
tools of their
trade and pots
and pans.
New arrivals at the
Death camps were
given postcards to
send to their friends.
Tactics
Starvation
The Jews in the
Warsaw Ghetto were
only fed a 1000
calories a day .
Terror
A Human being needs
2400 calories a day to
maintain their weight
The SS publicly shot people
for smuggling food or for
any act of resistance
Hungry people are
easier to control
How did the Nazi decide who was Jewish?
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At the Wannsee conference it was
decided that if one of person’s
parents was Jewish, then they were
Jewish.
However, if only one of their
grandparents had been Jewish then
they could be classified as being
German.
In 1940, all Jews had to have their
passports stamped with the letter ‘J’
and had to wear the yellow Star of
David on their jacket or coat.
Einsatzgruppen
were mobile killing
squads made up of Nazi
(SS) units and police.
They killed Jews in mass
shooting actions
throughout eastern
Poland and the western
Soviet Union.
Where were the Death Camps built?
The work of the
Einsatzgruppen
Why do you think that they located them here?
Tactics: What happened to new arrivals?
All new arrivals went
through a process
known as ‘selection.’
Mothers, children, the
old & sick were sent
straight to the
‘showers’ which were
really the gas
chambers.
The able bodied were
sent to work camp
were they were killed
through a process
known as ‘destruction
through work.’
At Auschwitz the trains
pulled into a mock up
of a normal station.
Deception &
Selection
At Auschwitz the new
arrivals were calmed
down by a Jewish
orchestra playing
classical music.
The Jews were helped
off the cattle trucks
by Jews who were
specially selected to
help the Nazis
At some death camps
the Nazis would play
records of classical
music to help calm
down the new arrivals.
Operation
Reinhard
Entrance to Auschwitz
Notice how it has been built to resemble a railway station
Auschwitz Orchestra
Auschwitz from the air
Notice how the Death
camp is set out like a
factory complex
The Nazis used
industrial methods to
murder the Jews and
process their dead
bodies
The Gas Chambers
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The Nazis would force large
groups of prisoners into
small cement rooms and
drop canisters of Zyklon B,
or prussic acid, in its crystal
form through small holes in
the roof.
These gas chambers were
sometimes disguised as
showers or bathing houses.
The SS would try and pack up to 2000 people into this gas chamber
The outside of the Gas Chamber
Notice the Ovens easy located near the Gas Chambers
Processing the bodies
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Specially selected Jews
known as the
sonderkommando were
used to to remove the gold
fillings and hair of people
who had been gassed.
The Sonderkommando Jews
were also forced to feed
the dead bodies into the
crematorium.
Dead bodies waiting to be processed
Shoes waiting to be processed by the
sonderkommando
Taken inside a huge glass case in the Auschwitz Museum. This represents one
day's collection at the peak of the gassings, about twenty five thousand pairs.
Destruction Through Work
This photo was taken by the Nazis to show just how you
could quite literally work the fat of the Jews by feeding
them 200 calories a day
Was the Final Solution successful?
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The Nazis aimed to kill 11 
million Jews at the
Wannsee Conference in
1941
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Today there are only 2000
Jews living in Poland.
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The Nazis managed to kill
at least 6 million Jews.
Men like Schindler helped
Jews escape the Final
Solution.
Not all Jews went quietly into
the gas cambers.
In 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto,
like many others revolted
against the Nazis when the
Jews realised what was
really happening.
Aftermath
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The Nuremberg Trials
brought some of those
responsible for the atrocities
of the war to justice.
There were 22 Nazi
criminals tried by the Allies
in the International Military
Tribunal.
Twelve subsequent trials
followed as well as national
trials throughout formerly
occupied Europe.
Der Sturmer
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The most notorious of the Nazi antiSemitic newspapers was Der
Sturmer (The Attacker). It began in
1923 as a political paper, but as
the Nazis gained in influence, the
paper became more and more antiSemitic. By the time Hitler took
power in 1933, the paper was
strongly anti-Semitic and was a very
popular Nazi publication.
Der Sturmer Ritual Murder
Issue, May 1, 1934