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Intrapartum Nursing Management of
Preterm labor
Guidelines, References and Resources
Guidelines
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2007). Premature rupture of membranes
(Practice Bulletin No. 80). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 109, 1007-1019. doi:
10.1097/01.AOG.0000263888.69178.1f
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2011). Antenatal corticosteroid therapy
for fetal maturation (Committee Opinion No. 475). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 117, 422-424. doi:
10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820eee00
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2011). Use of prophylactic antibiotics in
labor and delivery (Practice Bulletin No. 120). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 117, 1472-1483.
doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182238c31
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2012). Management of preterm labor
(Practice Bulletin No. 127). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 119, 1308. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31825af2f0
Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). (2010). Guidelines for
professional registered nurse staffing for perinatal units. Washington, DC: Author.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2010). Prevention of perinatal group b
streptococcal disease revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recommendations & Reports, 59(RR10), 1-31.
References
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© 2013 March of Dimes
Guidelines, References and Resources Page 1
Intrapartum Nursing Management of
Preterm labor
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (ACOG). (1995). Antenatal corticosteroid therapy
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10.1097/01.AOG.0000263888.69178.1f
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2008). Use of progesterone to reduce
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labor and delivery (Practice Bulletin No. 120). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 117, 1472-1483. doi:
10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182238c31
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2012). Management of preterm labor
(Practice bulletin No. 127). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 119, 1308. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31825af2f0
Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). (2010). Guidelines for
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© 2013 March of Dimes
Guidelines, References and Resources Page 2
Intrapartum Nursing Management of
Preterm labor
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2010). Prevention of perinatal group b
streptococcal disease revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recommendations & Reports, 59(RR10), 1-31.
Chao, T.T., Bloom, S.L., Mitchell, J.S., McIntire, D.D., & Leveno, K.J. (2011). The diagnosis and natural
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Clark, S.L., & Hankins, G.D. (2003). Temporal and demographic trends in cerebral palsy ― fact and
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Clark, S.L., Knox, G.E., Simpson, K.R., & Hankins, G.D. (2011). Quality improvement opportunities in
intrapartum care. In S.D. Berns (Ed.), Toward improving the outcome of pregnancy III: Enhancing
perinatal health through safety, quality, and performance initiatives (Reissued ed.). White Plains, NY:
March of Dimes.
Conde-Agudelo, A., & Romero, R. (2009). Antenatal magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral
palsy in preterm infants less than 34 weeks' gestation: A systematic review and metaanalysis. American
Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 200, 595-609. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.005
Conde-Agudelo, A., Romero, R., & Kusanovic, J.P. (2011). Nifedipine in the management of preterm
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Costantine, M.M., Weiner, S.J., Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child, Health & Human
Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (2009). Effects of antenatal exposure to
magnesium sulfate on neuroprotection and mortality in preterm infants: A meta-analysis. Obstetrics &
Gynecology, 114, 354-364. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181ae98c2
Crowther, C.A., Hiller, J.E., & Doyle, L.W. (2002). Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in
threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4), CD001060. doi:
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Dunlop, A.L., Jack, B.W., Bottalico, J.N., Lu, M.C., James, A., Shellhaas, C.S., . . . Prasad, M.R.
(2008). The clinical content of preconception care: Women with chronic medical conditions. American
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 199, S310-327. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.031
Doyle, L.W., Crowther, C.A., Middleton, P., Marret, S., & Rouse, D. (2009). Magnesium sulphate for
women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus. Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews (1), CD004661. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004661.pub3
Haas, D.M., Imperiale, T.F., Kirkpatrick, P.R., Klein, R.W., Zollinger, T.W., & Golichowski, A.M. (2009).
Tocolytic therapy: A meta-analysis and decision analysis. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 113, 585-594. doi:
10.1097/AOG.0b013e318199924a
Hamilton B.E., Martin, J.A., & Ventura, S.J. (2011). Births: Preliminary data for 2010. National vital
statistics reports web release; vol 60 no 2. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_02.pdf
© 2013 March of Dimes
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Intrapartum Nursing Management of
Preterm labor
Hassan, S.S., Romero, R., Vidyadhari, D., Fusey, S., Baxter, J.K., Khandelwal, M., . . . Creasy, G.W.
(2011). Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short
cervix: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and
Gynecology, 38(1), 18-31. doi: 10.1002/uog.9017
Huusom, L.D., Secher, N.J., Pryds, O., Whitfield, K., Gluud, C., & Brok, J. (2011). Antenatal
magnesium sulphate may prevent cerebral palsy in preterm infants ― but are we convinced? Evaluation
of an apparently conclusive meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. BJOG, 118(1), 1-5. doi:
10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02782.x
Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). (2006). Preventing magnesium toxicity in obstetrics.
ISMP Medication Safety Alert: Nurse Advise-ERR, (4), 1-2. Retrieved from
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Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). (2011). ISMP's list of high alert medications. Retrieved
from http://www.ismp.org/tools/highalertmedications.pdf
Johnson, B.H., Abraham, M.R., Conway, J., Simmons, L., Edgman-Levitan, S., Sodomka, P., . . . Ford,
D. (2008). Partnerinng with patients and families to design a patient- and family-centered health care
system: Recommendations and promising practices. Retrieved from
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Kenyon, S., Pike, K., Jones, D.R., Brocklehurst, P., Marlow, N., Salt, A., & Taylor, D.J. (2008).
Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous preterm
labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE II trial. Lancet, 372(9646), 1319-1327. doi: 10.1016/S01406736(08)61203-9
King, J., Flenady, V., Cole, S., & Thornton, S. (2005). Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors for treating
preterm labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(2), CD001992. doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD001992.pub2
Kramer, M.S., Papageorghiou, A., Culhane, J., Bhutta, Z., Goldenberg, R.L., Gravett, M., . . . Villar, J.
(2011). Challenges in defining and classifying the preterm birth syndrome. American Journal of
Obstetrics & Gynecology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.10.864
Lee, H.C., & Gould, J.B. (2009). Factors influencing breast milk versus formula feeding at discharge for
very low birth weight infants in California. Journal of Pediatrics, 155(5), 657-662 e651-652. doi:
10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.04.064
Lee, H.C., Lyndon, A., Blumenfeld, Y.J., Dudley, R.A., & Gould, J.B. (2011). Antenatal steroid
administration for premature neonates in California. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 117, 603-609.
Loe, S.M., Sanchez-Ramos, L., & Kaunitz, A.M. (2005). Assessing the neonatal safety of indomethacin
tocolysis: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 106, 173-179. doi:
10.1097/01.AOG.0000168622.56478.df
Lumley, J., Chamberlain, C., Dowswell, T., Oliver, S., Oakley, L., & Watson, L. (2009). Interventions
for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3). doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD001055.pub3. Retrieved from
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001055/frame.html
© 2013 March of Dimes
Guidelines, References and Resources Page 4
Intrapartum Nursing Management of
Preterm labor
Lyndon, A. (2006). Preterm labor and birth: Where are we now? Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal
Nursing, 20(1), 82-84.
Lyndon, A. (2008). Social and environmental conditions creating fluctuating agency for safety in two
urban academic birth centers. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecolologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 37, 13-23.
doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00204.x
Lyndon, A. (2010). Skilful anticipation: Maternity nurses' perspectives on maintaining safety. Quality
and Safety in Health Care. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2007.024547
Mackeen, A.D., Seibel-Seamon, J., Grimes-Dennis, J., Baxter, J.K., & Berghella, V. (2011). Tocolytics
for preterm premature rupture of membranes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (10),
CD007062.
MacKinnon, K. (2006). Living with the threat of preterm labor: Women's work of keeping the baby in.
JOGNN: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 35, 700-708.
Maloni, J.A. (2010). Antepartum bed rest for pregnancy complications: Efficacy and safety for
preventing preterm birth. Biological Research For Nursing, 12, 106-124. doi:
10.1177/1099800410375978
Maloni, J.A., & Kutil, R.M. (2000). Antepartum support group for women hospitalized on bed rest. MCN:
The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 25, 204-210.
March of Dimes. (in press). Preterm labor assessment toolkit. Retrieved from
https://www.prematurityprevention.org
March of Dimes. (2011). Preterm labor. Retrieved from http://www.marchofdimes.com/pregnancy
Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Ventura, S.J., Osterman, M.J.K., Wilson, E.C., & Mathews, T.J. (2012).
Births: Final data for 2010. National vital statistics reports, 61(1). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for
Health Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_01.pdf
McCue, K., & Bonn, R. (2003). Helping children through an adult's serious illness: Roles of the pediatric
nurse. Pediatric Nursing, 29(1), 47-51.
McInnes, R.J., Shepherd, A.J., Cheyne, H., & Niven, C. (2010). Infant feeding in the neonatal unit.
Maternal & Child Nutrition, 6(4), 306-317. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2009.00210.x
Moos, M., Badura, M., Posner, S.F., & Lu, M.C. (2011). Quality improvement opportunities in
preconception and interconception care. In S.D. Berns (Ed.), Toward improving the outcome of
pregnancy III: Enhancing perinatal health through safety, quality, and performance initiatives
(Reissued ed.). White Plains, NY: March of Dimes.
Moroz, L.A., & Simhan, H.N. (2012). Rate of sonographic cervical shortening and the risk of
spontaneous preterm birth. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 206, 234 e231-235. doi:
10.1016/j.ajog.2011.11.017
O'Brien, E.T., Quenby, S., & Lavender, T. (2010). Women's views of high risk pregnancy under threat of
preterm birth. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 1(3), 79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2010.05.001
© 2013 March of Dimes
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Intrapartum Nursing Management of
Preterm labor
Palmer, L., & Carty, E. (2006). Deciding when it's labor: The experience of women who have received
antepartum care at home for preterm labor. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 35,
509-515.
Rattasumpun, P., & Raines, D.A. (2008). The experience of Thai women facing the onset of preterm
labor. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 33, 302-306.
Reeves, S.A., Gibbs, R.S., & Clark, S.L. (2011). Magnesium for fetal neuroprotection. American Journal
of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 204(3), e201-204. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.01.014
Richter, M.S., Parkes, C., & Chaw-Kant, J. (2007). Listening to the voices of hospitalized high-risk
antepartum patient. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 36, 313-318. doi:
10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00159.x
Romero, R. (2011). Vaginal progesterone to reduce the rate of preterm birth and neonatal morbidity: A
solution at last. Womens Health, 7, 501-504. doi: 10.2217/whe.11.60
Romero, R., Nicolaides, K., Conde-Agudelo, A., Tabor, A., O'Brien, J.M., Cetingoz, E., ... Hassan, S.S.
(2012). Vaginal progesterone in women with an asymptomatic sonographic short cervix in the
midtrimester decreases preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity: A systematic review and
metaanalysis of individual patient data. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 206(2), 124
e121-119. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.12.003
Ross, Michael G., & Beall, Marie H. (2009). Prediction of preterm birth: Nonsonographic cervical
methods. Seminars in Perinatology, 33, 312-316. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2009.06.004
Roudebush, J.R., Kaufman, J., Johnson, B.H., Abraham, M.R., & Clayton, S.P. (2006). Patient- and
family-centered perinatal care: Partnerships with childbearing women and families. Journal of
Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 20, 201-209.
Savage, A.H., Anderson, B.L., & Simhan, H.N. (2007). The safety of prolonged indomethacin therapy.
American Journal of Perinatology, 24, 207-213. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-976546
Simpson, K.R. (2005). Failure to rescue: Implications for evaluating quality of care during labor and
birth. Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 19, 24-34.
Simpson, K.R. (2006). Minimizing risk of magnesium sulfate overdose in obstetrics. MCN: The American
Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 31, 340.
Simpson, K.R., & Knox, G.E. (2004). Obstetrical accidents involving intravenous magnesium sulfate:
Recommendations to promote patient safety. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing,
29, 161-169; quiz 170-161.
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) and the SMFM Foundation (2010). Maternal-fetal medicine:
High–risk pregnancy care, research, and education for over 35 years. Retrieved from
https://www.smfm.org/attachedfiles/SMFMMonograph3.1.pdf
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Publications Committee, & Bergella, V. (2012).
Progesterone and preterm birth prevention: Ttranslating clinical trials data into clinical practice.
American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 206(5), 376-386. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.03.010
© 2013 March of Dimes
Guidelines, References and Resources Page 6
Intrapartum Nursing Management of
Preterm labor
Spong, C.Y., Mercer, B.M., D'Alton, M., Kilpatrick, S., Blackwell, S., & Saade, G. (2011). Timing of
indicated late-preterm and early-term birth. (Review). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 118(2 Pt 1), 323-333.
doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182255999
Thorman, K.E., & McLean, A. (2006). While you are waiting: A family-focused antepartum support
program. Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 20, 220-226.
United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). (2012).Healthy People 2020 maternal,
infant, and child health objectives. Retrieved from
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=26
United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2001). August 2001 510(k) clearances. Retrieved
from http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/
DeviceApprovalsandClearances/510kClearances/ucm091801.htm
United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2011). Drug safety communication: New warnings
against use of terbutaline to treat preterm labor. Retrieved from
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Werner, E.F., Han, C.S., Pettker, C.M., Buhimschi, C.S., Copel, J.A., Funai, E.F., & Thung, S.F. (2011).
Universal cervical-length screening to prevent preterm birth: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Ultrasound
in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 38(1), 32-37. doi: 10.1002/uog.8911
Resources for Maternal-Child Health (MCH) Data
National and state data are released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Vital
Statistics System: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss.htm
State and local health departments may have important reporting regarding MCH available on their
websites.
Updated analyses of national and state data are available from March of Dimes Peristats, which
provides access to national, state, county and city MCH data: www.marchofdimes.com/peristats
© 2013 March of Dimes
Guidelines, References and Resources Page 7