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Transcript 
JNDI
Java Naming and Directory Interface
Allen Long
Email: allen@huihoo.com
http://www.huihoo.com
2004-04
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
1
内容安排
„
„
„
„
„
„
命名和目录服务
JNDI一览
功能和代码事例
JNDI提供者
资源
引用
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
2
Naming Service
关联名字和对象 (bind)
通过名字检索对象(resolve)
举例:
–RMI Registry
–CORBA Naming Service (COSNaming)
–Domain Name Service (DNS)
–Filesystem
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
3
上下文(Contexts)
„
„
„
„
包含一系列绑定和查询操作
拥有自己的命名约定
举例
„
Filesystem directory: “/”
„
DNS domain:
“edu”
„
LDAP:
“c=us”
命名系统是一个上下文集合 (相同类型)
„
names in a particular system = namespace
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4
Names
• 关联一个对象的逻辑标识
• Localhoat=>127.0.0.1
• 命名约定通过命名系统定义
-- /dir/dir2/file for UNIX
-- drive:\dir\string for DOS
-- cn=dan, o=ISP for LDAP
-- aplcenmp.apl.jhu.edu for DNS
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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5
Names
„
„
原子(Atomic)Name
„ name used in a binding
„ only meaningful in a context
„ Ex. filename in a directory
复合(Compound)Name
„ sequence of atomic names
„ /usr/bin/ls
„ conforms to naming convention of name space
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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6
Names
„
„
混合(Composite)Name
„ Spans multiple naming systems
„ http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~weimer/
„ URL scheme id: http
„ DNS: www.apl.jhu.edu
„ UNIX and webserver:
/usr/weimer/public_html
分解(Resolution)
Object o = ctx.lookup(“usr/weimer/public_html”);
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
7
目录服务
。目录对象表示一个对象
。对象可能给出属性(Objects may be given attributes)
。能获得一个对象的属性和通过属性找到对象
举例
。X.500 - ISO standard. Complex.
。LDAP - Simplified X.500 over TCP/IP
。NDS - Novell Directory Services.
。NIS - Directory service for Solaris
„
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http://www.huihoo.com
8
JNDI的目标
提供一个一致的API去访问不同的命名和目录服务
客户端只需要学习一种API
„
不同的命名和目录服务能被组合进一个逻辑系统
„
不需要修改客户端就能加入新的命名服务实现
„
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
9
JNDI架构
Java Client Application
JNDI API
JNDI Naming Manager
JNDI Service Provider Interface
DNS
LDAP
RMI
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
CORBA
http://www.huihoo.com
Anything
10
JNDI架构
„
„
应用程序接口 (API)
„ API for client programmer
„ 统一接口(Unifying interface)
Service Provider Interface (SPI)
„ For vendors enabling JNDI access to their
naming/directory service
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11
JNDI API
„
„
„
Included in Java 2 SDK v 1.3
Have to download for JDK 1.1 and SDK 1.2
Packages
„ javax.naming
„ javax.naming.directory
„ javax.naming.event
„ javax.naming.ldap
„ javax.naming.spi
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
12
服务提供者(Service Providers)
„
„
„
Implementation for underlying products
Included in Java 2 SDK 1.3
„
LDAP
„
COSNaming
„
JNDI over RMI Registry
Have to download for previous versions
„
http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
13
共同JNDI任务(Tasks)
„
„
Obtain reference to initial context
Context Operations
„ List children of a context
„ Bind names to objects
„ Lookup objects via name
„ Create/destroy contexts
„ Note: NamingException can be thrown from
most Context operations
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
14
JNDI 上下文(Contexts)
<<abs tract>>
javax.nam ing.Context
bind(Stri ng n ame, Obj ect obj)
createSubc ontext( Str ing nam e) : Context
lis t(String nam e) : Nam ingEnum eration
listBindi ngs ( Str ing nam e) : Nami ngEnum eration
lookup(String nam e) : Object
javax.nam ing.InitialContext
InitialC ontext()
InitialContext(java.util.Has htable env)
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15
获得初始上下文
import javax.naming.*;
java.util.Properties props = new java.util.Properties();
props.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
“com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory”);
props.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, “file:///”);
Context initContext = new InitialContext( props );
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16
初始上下文
•Starting point in the namespace
•All operations performed are relative to the initial context
•Specify service provider with property
props.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY”
,
“com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory” );
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17
初始上下文
„
„
Specify provider-specific properties
LDAP
props.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, “ldap://host:port”);
props.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, “user” );
props.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS,
“password”);
„
File System
props.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, “file://tmp/”);
„
Create
InitialContext initContext = new InitialContext( props );
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18
列举children
NamingEnumeration children = initContext.list(“”);
while( children.hasMore() )
{
NameClassPair nc = (NameClassPair) children.next();
System.out.println(nc.getName());
System.out.println(nc.getClassName());
}
„
„
list() returns a NamingEnumeration of NameClassPair objects
listBindings() returns a NamingEnumeration of Binding objects
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19
NameClassPair and Binding
javax.naming.NameClassPair
getClassName() : String
getName() : String
javax.naming.Binding
getObject() : Object
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
Represents the name and
class of an object bound to
a context
Represents association
between a name and an
object
http://www.huihoo.com
20
NamingEnumeration
•Extends java.util.Enumeration
•Throws exception when no more entries in the enumeration
•Allows partial results to be returned and exception throws upon access
where the problem occurred
–i.e. hasMore() will throw the exception
•Limit of search with search controls
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21
绑定名字到一个对象
• Bind name to object within a context
File f = new File(“/tmp/dan”);
tmpDirContext.bind(“dan”, f );
• NameAlreadyBoundException occurs if “dan” is
already bound in the tmp context
• Can use unbind() or rebind()
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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22
对象查询
Lookup object in a context
–String name; Object o = initContext.lookup(name);
–name can be compound
–“/usr/tmp/dir/myfile”
–Separator is not standardized !
–Class returned is up to provider !
–Filesystem provider returns
•File for files
•[Ref]FsContext for directories
–Novell NDS can return OrganizationalDirContext
–Containers should implement Context
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23
上下文生命周期操作
„
ctx.createSubcontext(String name)
„
„
„
„
JNDI Provider chooses actual implementation
of new context.
Ex. File System Provider will create a directory
No way to create a file
ctx.destroySubcontext(String name)
„
„
Can not destroy current object with name of “”
Ex. Remove directory in a filesystem
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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24
目录操作
javax.naming.directory.DirContext
extends javax.naming.Context
examine/search attributes associated with a directory object
javax.naming.directory.Attribute
name and set of values
getAttributes( String name ) : Attributes
modifyAttributes( String name, …. )
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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25
目录操作
javax.naming.InitialContext
<<abstract>>
javax.naming.Context
bind(String name, Object obj)
createSubcontext(String name) : Context
list(String name) : NamingEnumeration
listBindings(String name) : NamingEnumeration
lookup(String name) : Object
InitialContext()
InitialContext(java.util.Hashtable env)
javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext
InitialDirContext()
InitialDirContext(Hashtable env)
<<abstract>>
javax.naming.directory.DirContext
getAttributes() : Attributes
search(String name, Attributes matchingAttributes) : NamingEnumeration
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26
属性
• DirContext contains an Attributes object for each contained binding
• Common LDAP Attributes
c = Country
o = Organization
ou = Organizational Unit
cn = Common Name (typically first or full name)
sn = User’s surname
• Attribute Name
–referred to as attribute id
• determines type of attribute (attribute type definition)
• attribute syntax definition specifies the syntax for the
attribute’s value and whether it can have multiple values
• reverse lookup;content-based searching
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27
JNDI and RMI
„
Can put standard interface on RMI registry
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
“com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.RegistryContextFactory”);
props.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, “rmi://host:port”);
Context ctx = new InitialContext(props);
ctx.rebind(“Teller”, someRMIObject );
……..
Teller t = (Teller) ctx.lookup(“Teller”);
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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28
JNDI and JDBC
„
JDBC Data Source
„
发展(Evolution) of the JDBC Driver Manager
„
Typically stored in a JNDI tree
„
connection pooling support
„
Methods
„
ds.getConnection(String name, String
password )
„
conn.close()
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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29
JNDI and EJB
„
„
Home objects for beans are stored in JNDI
In order to create a bean:
InitialContext ic = new InitialContext( props );
TellerHome th = (TellerHome)
ic.lookup(“TellerHome”);
th.transfer( … );
// Remote stub typically returned to client
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
30
JNDI and J2EE Applications
„
„
InitialContext
„
supplied by Container
„
accessed by Component using default ctor
„
InitialContext rootCtx = new InitialContext();
Properties
„
supplied to Container in deployment descriptor
„
accessed by Component through special context
„
Object object =
rootCtx.lookup(“java:comp/env/myObject”);
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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31
JNDI 1.2 功能
事件通告(Event Notification)
„
LDAPv3 Extensions and Controls
„
Service Provider Support
javax.naming.spi
„
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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32
JNDI Providers
„
„
„
„
„
„
LDAP
„ com.novell.naming.service.nds.NdsInitialContextFactory
NIS
„ com.sun.jndi.nis.NISCtxFactory
NIS+ (future)
RMI
„ com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.RegistryContextFactory
COSNaming
Files
„ com.sun.jndi.fscontext.[Ref]FSContextFactory
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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33
LDAP Products
Publicly accessible
–ldap://ldap.Bigfoot.com
–ldap://ldap.four11.com
–ldap://ldap.InfoSpace.com
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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34
总结
„
JNDI客户端能访问以下资源:
„
„
„
„
„
„
printers
fax machines
databases (JDBC 2.0 extensions)
user credentials
object references
contained in multiple underlying naming service
implementations using the same API
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
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35
参考资料
http://java.sun.com/products/jndi
SUN公司的JNDI站点
„ http://www.huihoo.org/jfox/jfoxns/
JFoxNS (JFox命名服务)
„
„
http://www.huihoo.com
国内一个关于中间件的专业站点
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
36
结束
谢谢大家！
Allen@huihoo.com
http://www.huihoo.com
Huihoo - Enterprise Open Source
http://www.huihoo.com
37
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