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CHAPTER 10
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
2 Muscles of the face & head
(Aponeurosis/Fascia: Flat, sheet-like tendon)
Figure 10.6 page: 331
A. Epicranius- frontalis & occipitalis
1. Word derivation
a. Epi: (G) on top of
b. Cranius: (L) skull
2. Origin: Occipital bone
3. Insertion: skin/muscles around eye
4. Action: Raise eyebrows
B. Orbicularis Oculi
1. Derivation: (L) circular/round & eye
2. O: Maxilary & frontal bones
3. I: Skin around eye
4. A: Closes eye (Sphincter muscle)
3 Figure 10.6 page: 331
4 C. Orbicularis Oris
1. Oris (L) mouth
2. O: Muscles near mouth
3. I: skin of lips
4. A: Closes and “pucker ups” lips (Sphincter)
D. Temporalis – video
1. (L): side of head - temple region
temporalis bone
2. O:Temporal bone
3. I: Lateral surface of mandible
4. A: Closes jaw #51
E. Zygomaticus
1. (G) Bar
2. O: Zygomatic bone
3. I: Obicularis oculi
4. A: Raises corner of mouth (smile)
5 Figure 10.6 page: 331
Temporalis Video # 51
6 F. Buccinator – video #5
1. (L) Trumpeter
2. O: Outer surface of maxilla & mandible
3. I: Obicularis oris
4. A: Compresses cheeks inwards
G. Masseter – video #31
1. (G) Chew
2. O: Lower border of Zygomatic arch
3. I: Lateral surface of mandible
4. A: Closes jaw/chew
7. Figure: 107a: pg. 333
Buccinator video #5
Masseter muscle video #31
8 H. Sternocliedomastoid(eus)- SCM
1. origins & insertions
2. O: Sternum & clavicle(cliedeo, G-hook)
3. I: mastoid process of temporal bone
4. A: singly- rotate head, together- flex neck
I. Splenius capitis #47
1.
2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of
lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae
3. I: Mastoid process
4. A: Rotate head, laterally flex neck
9 Fig. 10.9 a; pg. 337 SCM
10 Fig. 10.9b : page 337 splenius capitis
Spleenius capitus Video #47
.11 I. Semispinalis Capitis #42
1. semi = half (origin ½ & ½)
2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of lower
cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae
3. I: Occipital bone
4. A: Extend, laterally flex & rotate
neck
12 Figure: 10.9 d page:339 Semispinalis capitis
Semispinalis capitis video #42
13 Muscles of the pectoral girdle
Posterior
Fig. 10.13 c; page 348
A. Trapezius #58
1. Shape: trapezoid
2. O: Occipital bone, spinous process of cervical &
thoracic spine
3. I: Clavicle; spine & acromion process of scapula
4. A: Raises & rotates scapula
B. Rhomboid Major #38
1. Shape rhomboid
2. O: Spinous processes of upper thoracics
3. I: Medial boarder of scapula
4. A: Raises & Adducts scapula
14 Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 trapezius & rhomboid
Trapezius video #58
Rhomboid major video #38
15 C. Levator Scapulae #29
1. Lifts scapula
2. O: Transverse processes of C-spine
3. I: Margin(superior/medial) of scapula
4. A:raises & adducts scapula
Pectoral girdle, anterior.
Fig. 10.13 a pg. 347
D. Serratus anterior #44
1. (L) saw toothed
2. O: Outer surface of upper ribs
3. I: Ventral surface of scapula
4. A: Pulls scapula anterior & down (inferior)
16 Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 levator scapulae
Levator scapulae – video #29
17 Figure: 10.13a; page: 347 serratus anterior
Serratus anterior – video #44
18 E. Pectoralis minor #34 Fig. 10.13 a; pg.347
1. (L) Chest
2. O: Sternal ends of upper ribs
3. I: Coracoid process (scapula)
4. A: Pulls scapula anterior & down
Rotator cuff muscles(SITS)
Fig. 10.14 b; page. 351
A. Supraspinatus* #50
1. Superior to scapula spine
2. O: Superior posterior aspect of scapula
3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous
4. A: Initiates arm abduction first 15 degrees
19 Fig. 10.13 a; pg.347 pectoralis minor
Pectoralis minor – video #34
20 Fig. 10.14b; page. 351 supraspinatis
Supraspinatus video # 50
21 B. Infraspinatus #25
1. Inferior to scapular spine
2. O: Inferior posterior scapula
3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous
4. A: External rotation of arm
C.Teres minor #53
1. (l) Long and round
2. O: Lateral boarder of scapula
3. Greater tubercle of humerous
4. A: Rotate arm externally
22 Fig. 10.14b; page. 351 infraspinatus & teres
minor
Infraspinatus – video # 25
Teres minor – video #53
23 D. Subscapularis* #48 Fig. 10.14 d; pg. 352
1. Underneath (anterior) side of
scapular spine
2. O: Anterior surface of scapula
3. I: Lesser tubercle of humerous
4. A: Prime mover - Rotates arm
internally
24 Subscapularis* Fig. 10.14 d; pg. 352
Subscapularis video #48
25 Muscles of the glenohumeral joint
shoulder/upper arm
Anterior muscles
Figure 10.13 a; pg. 347
A. Pectoralis Major #33
1. (l) Chest
2. O: Clavicle, sternum & cartilagof upper ribs
3. I: Intertubercular grove of humerous
4. A: prime mover for upperar adduction
26 Figure 10.13 a; pg. 347 pectoralis major
Pectoralis major video33
27
B. Deltoid - #6
figures 10.13 a&c pgs. 347 & 348
Delta
1. (l) triangle shape
2. O: Scapula, acromion process, spine,
clavicle
3. I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerous
4. A: Prime mover for arm adduction (middle
fibers), also flexes & extends arm
28 figures 10.13 a pgs. 347 deltoid anterior
Deltoid muscle #6
29 figures 10.13c pgs 348 deltoid, posteror
30 Posterior
C. Latisimus dorsi (lats) #28
1. lats/wings
2. O: Spinous processes of sacral, lumbar &
lower thoracic spine
3. I: Intertubercular grove
4. A: Prime mover for upper arm adduction
Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251
Muscles that move the elbow
Fig. 10.14 a&b pages: 351 & 352
Anterior chamber
31 Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251 latisssimus dorsi
Latisimus dorsi video-28
32 A. Brachialis #3
1. (l) arm
2. Origin: anterior distal humerous
3. Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
4. Prime mover for forearm (elbow) flexion
B. Biceps brachii #1
1. (l) arm & muscle has 2 heads
2. Origin: short head: coricoid process
long head: glenoid tubercle & glenoidcavity
3. Insertion: Radial tuberosity
4. Not the prime mover- synergist for
flexion; supination of wrist
33 Figure: 10.14 d; page 352 brachialis
Brachialis video #3
34 Figure: 10.14 c; page 352 Bicep brachii
Biceps brachii video #1
35 Posterior Chamber
A. Triceps brachii #59 fig. 10.13 b
1. (l) three heads
2. Origin: posterior head of humerous
3. Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
4. Prime mover for lower arm (elbow)
extension
36 Triceps brachii fig. 10.13 b page 351
Triceps brachii video #59
37 Muscles that move the thigh
Originate somewhere on the pelvis and insert
somewhere on the femur
Anterior group: Fig. 10.19 a-c; pg. 264
Function – flex the thigh
A. Iliopsoas – prime mover #24
Psoas major
1. O: Anterior lumbar vertebrae disc, bodies
& transverse processes
2. I: Lesser trochanter
B. Iliacus
1. O: ilium - anterior fossa
2. I: Lesser trochanter
38 Fig. 10.19 a; pg. 264 psoas major, iliacus
Iliopsoas video #24
39 II. Posterior Group pg.
Fig. 10.20 a; page 366
A. Gluteus maximus #21
1. gloutos – (G) Buttock
2. O: Sacrum, coccyx & posterior surface of
ilium
3. I: Posterior femur
4. A: Extend leg (hip) prime mover
40 Fig. 10.20 a; page 367 gluteus maximus &
medius
Gluteus maximus video# 21
41
42 B. Gluteus medius #22
1. gloutos – (G) Buttock
2. O: Lateral surface of ilium
3. I: Greater trochanter
4. A: Abduct hip & rotate medially
C. Gluteus minimus
Just remember there is one
Gluteus medius video #22
43 D. Tensor fasciae latae #52
1. Starbucks
2. O: Anterior iliac crest
3. I: Iliotibial band (fascia to the knee)
4 A: abducts, helps flex & medially rotate
44 Figure 10.19 a; page 364 tensor fasciae latae
Tensor fasciae latae video # 52
45 III. Adductor group – pulls leg medially
Five Muscles in group
A. Adductor magnus
1. Adducts/big
2. O: Ischial tuberosity
3. I: Posterior femur surface
4. A: Adducts- prime mover, helps extend, &
rotate thigh laterally other 4 are synergistic
Fig. 10.19 b; page 364
46 Fig. 10.19 b; page 364 adductors/adductor
magnus
47 Muscles that move the leg (lower leg)
I. Hamstring group – Posterior leg
Lower leg flexors; upper leg extensors
Fig. 10.20 a ; pg. 367
A. Bicep femoris #22
1. Two heads for origin
2. O: Ischial tuberosity & posterior femur surface
3. I: Head of fibula & lateral tibial condyle
4. A: Flex lower leg & extends thigh
B. Semitendinosus #43
1. ?
2. O: Ischial tuberosity
3. I: Medial tibia surface
4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh
48 C.Semimembranous #41
1. ?:
2. O: Ischial tuberosity
3. I: Medial tibia condyle
4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh
49 Fig. 10.20 a ; pg. 367 Hamstrings
Bicep femoris video # 2
Semitendenosus video #43
Semimembranosus video #41
50 Anterior Leg
Quadriceps – Lower leg/knee extensors
Fig. 10.19; pg. 364
A. Rectus femoris #37
1. straight muscle fibers on femur
2. O: Spine of ilium & Acetabulum
3. I: Patellar tendon
4. A:Extend lower leg
B. Vastus lateralis #61
1.lateral
2. O: Greater trochanter
3. I: Patellar tendon
4. A: Extend lower leg
51 C.Vastus medialis #62
1. medial
2. O: Medial surface of femur
3. I: Patellar tendon
4. A: Extend lower leg
D. Vastus intermedius #66
1. In between
2. O: Anterior lateral femur surfaces
3. I: Patellar tendon
4.A: Extends lower leg
52 Fig. 10.19; pg. 364 Quadriceps
Rectus femoris video # 37
Vastus lateralis video #61
Vastus medialis video #62
Vastus intermedius video #60
53 A. Sartorius #40
1. Tailors muscle –longest muscle
2. O: Anterior superior iliac spine
3. I: Medial surface of tibia
4. A: Synergistic: Flexes leg & thigh, abducts
& rotates thigh laterally & rotates lower leg
medially
Go back
Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251
Sartorius video #40
54 Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
Anterior Compartment
I. Tibialis Anterior: #55
O (origin): lateral condyle distal 2/3 of tibia
diaphysis
I (insertion): medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
A (action): Prime mover of Dorsiflexion
II. Extensor halicus longus #11
O: Anterior medial fibula shaft & interoseous
membrane
I: Distal phalanx of big toe
A: Extend big toe (help w/ Dorsiflexion)
Table 10.15a pg. 371
Table 10.15b pg. 371
Tibialis anterior video #55
Table 10.15c pg. 371
Extensor halicus longus Video # 11
58
III. Extensor digitorum longus
#10
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal fibula &
interosseous membrane/ligament
I: phalanges of toed 2-5
A: Prime mover: Toe extension
Table 10.15d pg. 371
Extensor digitorum longus video #10
60 Muscles of ankle & Toes
Posterior chamber
I. Gastrocnemius #20
O: Two heads at lateral & medial epicondyles of
femur
I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal/Achilles
tendon
A: planter flex foot when knees extended
II. Soleus #46
O: Superior surface of tibia, fibia & Interoseous
tendon/membrane
I: Same as gastrocnemeus
A: Plantar flexion w/ knee flexion (walking)
Table 10.15a pg: 374
Gastrocnemius video #20
Table 10.15b pg. 371
Soleus Video #45
Rectus abdominis video #36
External obliques video #13
Internal obliques video #27
Transversus abdominus video # 57