Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download DNA Replication
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
DNA Traits • A physical feature, or characteristic, a living thing can pass on to its young. • Ex. Blood type, Eye color, Hair color, Facial features, and your body build… Genes • Coded info that determines traits. • A region of DNA that controls a hereditary characteristic. Chromosomes • carries the genes that control traits. DNA Deoxyribo Nucleic acid Structure of DNA Double Helix What are the building blocks? • Nucleotides – joined by strong covalent bonds • Nucleotides composed of: – Phosphate group – Deoxyribose – 5 carbon sugar – One of four Nitrogenous bases • Adenine • Thymine • Guanine • Cytosine Base Pairing Rules • Adenine = Thymine • Guanine = Cytosine Functions of DNA • Replication – DNA makes DNA • Transcription – DNA makes RNA • Translation – RNA makes Proteins DNA Replication • The helix unwinds • DNA unzips - nucleotides separate as hydrogen bonds break • Free nucleotides base pair with both nucleotide chains • 2 identical DNA molecules result DNA Replication • Leading Strand – continuous replication • Lagging strand – discontinuous replication figure 11-07b.jpg Semi Conservative Replication Each old DNA strand gets a new strand DNA vs. RNA DNA VS. RNA Deoxyribose Sugar Ribose 2 Strands 1 A, T, C, G Bases A, U, C, G Transcription • • DNA unwinds and unzips. RNA nucleotides base pair with the DNA master strand – Uracil bonds with Adenine – Cytosine with Guanine. • RNA strand separates and moves to the cytoplasm • DNA zips back up Reverse Transcription • • • • HIV – retrovirus Makes DNA replica of its own RNA Viral DNA joins normal DNA of host Directs production of new virus particles RetroTranscription.jpg ( 3 Types of RNA mRNA – messenger RNA tRNA – transfer RNA rRNA – ribosomal RNA mRNA • Messenger RNA – single strand coded from the DNA master strand. • Contains a three base sequence – codon • Codon – codes for a specific amino acid tRNA • Transfer RNA – contains sequence of three bases – anticodon • anticodon – which carry a specific amino acid to the mRNA rRNA • Ribosomal RNA – located in the ribosomes Translation • The mRNA attaches to a ribosome. • mRNA contains codons (3 nucleotides that code for 1 amino acid) • • The tRNA contain three opposite letters called the anticodon. tRNA carries an amino acid at the other end. • Anti codons base pair with codons • Amino Acids covalently bonded to each other • tRNA is released to get more Amino Acids . UUU UUC UUA UUG Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Leucine Leucine UAU UAC UAA UAG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Isoleucine Isoleucine Isoleucine Methioninie (start codon) Valine Valine Valine Valine CAU CAC Tyrosine Tyrosine None (stop signal) None (stop signal) UCU UCC UCA UCG Serine Serine Serine Serine UGU UGC Cysteine Cysteine UGA None (stop signal) UGG Tryptophan CGU CGC CGA CGG Arginine Arginine Arginine Arginine AGU AGC Serine Serine AGA AGG Arginine Arginine GGU GGC GGA GGG Gylcine Gylcine Gylcine Gylcine Histidine Histidine CAA CAG Glutamine Glutamine AAU AAC Asparagine Asparagine AAA AAG Lysine Lysine GAU GAC GAA GAG Aspartic Aspartic Aspartic Aspartic Acid Acid Acid Acid CCU CCC CCA CCG Proline Proline Proline Proline ACU ACC ACA ACG Threonine Threonine Threonine Threonine GCU GCC GCA GCG Alanine Alanine Alanine Alanine Central Dogma DNA --------------------RNA ------------------Protein transcription translation TYPES OF MUTATIONS Wild Type THE ONE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE Missence THQ ONE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE Nonsense THE ONE BIG Frameshift THE ONE QBI GFL YHA DON ERE DEY Deletion THE ONE BIG HAD ONE RED EYE Duplication THE ONE BIG FLY FLY HAD ONE RED EYE Insertion THE ONE BIG WET FLY HAD ONE RED EYE
Related documents