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Transcript 
DNA and RNA
Rosalind Franklin
Worked with x-ray crystallography
Discovered:
That DNA had a helical structure with two
strands
James Watson and Francis Crick
Informally received a copy of Franklin’s x-ray
crystallography picture of DNA
Discovered:
The double helix structure of
DNA that we know today
Watson and Crick
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Characteristics:
• Twisted double helix
• Chains of nucleotides
Role:
• Holds genetic information
Components of DNA
1) Nucleotides
2) Sugar phosphate backbone
DNA's Nucleotides
3 Components
1) 5 carbon sugar called deoxyribose
2) Phosphate group
3) Nitrogenous base
Nitrogenous
Base
DNA's Nitrogenous Bases
1) Adenine (A)
2) Guanine (G)
3) Cytosine (C)
4) Thymine (T)
Purines and Pyrimidines
Adenine
Guanine
Purines (have two
rings)
Cytosine
Thymine
Pyrimidines (have one
ring)
Chargaff's Rules
Adenine (A) - Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) - Guanine (G)
The Nitrogenous Bases are held together by hydrogen
bonds
Practice DNA Nitrogenous Base
Pairing
___________________________________
A
G
C
G
A
T
C
G
G
Practice DNA Nitrogenous Base
Pairing
___________________________________
C
C
A
T
G
A
A
C
G
Practice DNA Nitrogenous Base
Pairing
___________________________________
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Characteristics:
• Single stranded
• Long chain of nucleotides
Role:
• Protein synthesis
Components of RNA
1) Nucleotides
2) Sugar phosphate backbone
RNA's Nucleotides
3 Components
1) 5 carbon sugar called ribose
2) Phosphate group
Adenine
Guanine
3) Nitrogenous base
Phosphate Group
Ribose Sugar
Cytosine
Uracil
RNA's Nitrogenous Bases
1) Adenine (A)
2) Guanine (G)
3) Cytosine (C)
4) Uracil (U)
RNA's Nitrogenous Base Pairing with DNA
Adenine (A) - Uracil (U)
Cytosine (C) - Guanine (G)
RNA
Practice RNA Nitrogenous Base
Pairing with DNA
DNA
___________________________________
A
G
C
G
A
T
C
G
G
Practice RNA Nitrogenous Base
Pairing with DNA
DNA
___________________________________
T
C
G
A
A
C
G
T
G
Practice RNA Nitrogenous Base
Pairing with DNA
DNA
___________________________________
A
C
T
G
C
T
A
C
C
3 Types of RNA
1) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Role:
Copies DNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Role:
Makes polypeptides
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Role:
Transfers amino acids to ribosomes during
protein synthesis
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