Download muscle tissue definition

CARTILAGE.
• Modified connective tissue, which forms the
skelital basis of some parts of the body.
• E.g. Auricle of the ear, lower part of the nose.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
• The tissue which fills the interstices between
more specialized elements.
• Serves to hold them together and support
them.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
General connective tissue
Special connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Adipose tissue
Lymphyoid tissue
Haemopoitic tissue
Components
• Cells Chondrocytes
• FibresCollagen OR elastic fibres .
• Ground substances
Tissue fluids
GAG and proteoglycans
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Chondrocytes
• Mesenchymal cell
• Lie in spaces lacunae
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COLLAGEN FIBRES OF CARTILAGE.
• Type 2 collagen.
• Fibrocartilage,perichon
drium contain Type 1.
Types
A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Elastic cartilage
C. Fibrocartilage
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Hyaline cartilage(hyalos=glass)
 Pearly white,glassy
 Homogeneous(same
refractive index
 Perichodrium
a. Fibrous layer(outer)
b .cellular layer(inner
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• Chondrocytes are present inside the cavities called,
lacunae(tiny spaces in the matrix)
• Each lacunae generally contain single cell.
• Towards the centre, cells are arranged in groups called
CELL NESTS(offspring of a common parent cell.)
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Martix (fibres+ground substances)
• Capsule or territorial
matrix—newly
formed matrix .
• Interterritorial
matrix-old matrix.
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DISTRIBUTION
• Costal cartilage
• Articular cartilage
• Thyroid, cricoid,
arytenoid
• Tracheal rings
• Part of nasal septum
• Epiphyseal plate
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WHITE FIBRO CARTILAGE
 It is intermediate between Dense connective tissue
and hyaline cartilage (tensile strength)
 Chondrocytes are found in singles or in rows with
bundles of collagen with little matrix.
 No perichondrium.
 Bundles of collagen(type1)
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Distrubution
• Secondary cartilaginous
jointsintervertebral discs,pubic symphysis.
• Articular discs.
• Glenoid labrum, acetabular labrum.
• Near tendon insertion.
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Elastic cartilage(yellow fibrocartilage)
• Greater flexibility
• The ground substance contains abundance of
branching and anastomosing elastic fibres
• No isogenous cell nests.
• Chondrocytes are found in single or in small groups.
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Distrubution
• Auricle and lateral part of the external
acoustic meatus.
• Medial part of auditory tube.
• Epiglottis ,corniculate,cuneiform,apical part
of arytenoid.
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MUSCLE TISSUE
DEFINITION
• It is one of the four basic tissue in the body
• This tissue is specialized for contraction and
conduction of impulse
• All the muscle tissue consists of elongated
cells called as muscle fibers/myocytes.
• Each muscle cell has cytoplasm called as
sarcoplasm & the surrounding cell membrane
sarcolemma.
• The muscle fiber contains numerous
myofibrils in the sarcoplasm which inturn
contains contractile protein actin & myosin.
CLASSIFICATION.
• Skeletal muscle.
• Cardiac muscle.
• Smooth muscle.
CLASSIFICATION.
• Striated muscle.
• Non-striated muscle.
CLASSIFICATION.
• Voluntary muscle.
• Involuntary muscle.
SKELETAL MUSCLE
• These muscles are attached to skeleton and
hence they are called skeletal muscle
• They can be contracted & relaxed at will, are
called voluntary muscles.
• Microsopic st. shows light &dark bands –
striated.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPONENT
• Epimysium
• Perimysium
• Endomysium
FEATURES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE.
• Striations.
• Alternate dark and light
bands.
• Dark
A-band.
• Light
I-band.
FEATURES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE.
FEATURES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
• It is involuntary, cross striated muscle, present only
in heart.
• Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in most of
the structures, but developmentally, functionally and
by its nerve supply it resembles the smooth muscle.
• Muscle fibres show extensive branching and
anastomosis with slit spaces between them.
• Cells contain sarcoplasm,
myofibrils like skeletal muscle, but contain only
one nucleus in one cell.
• Nucleus is oval and placed centrally.
• Sarcoplasm is abundant but myofibrils are less
in number.
 Distinguishing and characteristic feature of cardiac
muscle fibres are the intercalated discs.
SMOOTH MUSCLE
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Non striated,
involuntary.
Made up of long
spindle shaped cells.
Broad central part and
tapering ends.
Nucleus is oval or
elongated.
Lies in the central part
of the cell.
• With light microscope the sarcoplasm appears
to have indistinct longitudinal striations, but
there are no transeverse striations.
• Distribution – walls of hollow viscera.
COMPARISION BETWEEN MUSCLES
Skeletal
muscle
Cardiac
muscle
Smooth
muscle
Morphology
Long & cylindrical
fibers
Short & cylindrical
branching
Spindle shaped
fibers
Striations
Present, very
prominent
Present, less
prominent
No striations
Nucleus
Multiple, flattened,
peripheral
Single, oval,
central
Single, oval,
central
Intercalated disc
Absent
Present
Absent