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Food Microbiology and Parasitology Alfonso, Adelle Joy G.
Experiment Cell Morphology The cell is the fundamental and functional basis of life. It is the
seat of all process that makes life possible. Cells are of varied shape and sizes. The cell can
be divided into the following parts cell membrane covering the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Objective to examine the typical plant and animal cells under the microscope. Materials
Compound microscope, toothpick, saucer, egg, onion bulb, methylene blue solution, dropper,
glass slide, cover slip, scalpel blade, alcohol, prepared slide of human blood cell. Procedure .
Cut the onion bulb and get the inner white membrane between the layers of the bulb. Drop a
small portion of methylene blue solution and cover. Focus under LPO and HPO. . Sterilize
the toothpick with alcohol. Using its side, scrape of lightly the wall of your mouth. Place the
scrapings on the slide. Let it stand for minutes then put a drop of methylene blue. Let it stand
for minutes then tilt the slide to remove excess dye. Cover with cover slip and observe under
LPO and HPO. Observe for squamous cell. . Carefully break the egg and place it in a saucer.
Observe the parts of the cell a. Cell membrane b. Nucleus c. Nuclear membrane . Carefully
pick the nucleus to break it. Separate the nuclear membrane. Drawing HRMC //
Onion cell LPO
Onion cell HPO
Cheek cell LPO
Cheek cell HPO
while the latter is suspended freely in the cytoplasm. maximum organelles are present in the
cytoplasm. maintaining the cell shape and controlling the growth of the cell. Filled with
jellylike cytoplasmic fluid. Its main function is selective transport of nutrients. Read more on
structure and function of cytoplasm. as it contains hereditary material along with other
essential cell components. alter with respect to the cell requirements. They are present in
many numbers and contain hereditary material. play the crucial role of generating chemical
energy for proper functioning of the plant cell. The former is found attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum. division and development. cell growth. Plant Cell Cell Wall The
outermost covering of the plant cell is the protective layer. Both ribosomes are . Mitochondria
Mitochondria. Plastids are of different types and contain photosynthetic pigments. Cell
Membrane Next to the cell wall.Whole egg Human blood LPO Human blood HPO Questions
. lies the cell membrane that comprises a protein and lipid bilayer. wherein some are allowed
to enter the cell. Vacuole Vacuoles are organelles. the cell wall. while others are restricted.
which shape and structure. the nucleus is responsible for protein synthesis. Cytoplasm The
portion of the plant cell excluding the nucleus is called cytoplasm. Ribosomes Ribosomes are
of two types. Plastids These are the organelles. Nucleus The cell nucleus is simply called the
control center of the plant cell. Its main function includes giving support. also known as
powerhouse of the cell. They are filled with water like solution that contains enzymes.
Overall. organic and inorganic molecules. which perform the function of photosynthesis and
storage of starch molecules. Give the structural and functional characteristics of plant and
animal cells used in this experiment. attached and free.
RNA and ribosomes owing to self replication and duplication. Cell Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is
supposed to be the matrix or gel like substance/fluid present inside the cell. The cell
membrane function is to control the influx of the nutrients and minerals in and out of the cell.
Read more on nuclear membrane function. Nucleoplasm This dense fluid inside the nucleus
contains chromatin fibers. Oxygen combines with glucose to form energy ATP required for
metabolism and cellular activities in this organelle. . It is an independent organelle having its
own Mitochondrial DNA. Nuclear Membrane This is the porous. protective sheath that covers
the nucleus which allows influx of substances and is one of the distinctive characteristics of
an animal cell. It contains the genetic material i. They are also responsible for transportation
of nutrients. Golgi Bodies Golgi bodies are made up of stacks called cisternae and are useful
for packaging macromolecules that are synthesized by the cell.e. Nucleolus Nucleolus is a
dark stained area inside the nucleus mainly responsible for the protein formation using RNA
Ribonucleic acid. It performs the function of synthesizing and storing steroids and glycogen.
Endoplasmic reticulum with attached ribosomes is called rough endoplasmic reticulum RER.
The cytoplasm is the key site wherein all life processes occur. the DNA Deoxyribonucleic
acid and the chromosomes.responsible for protein synthesis. which condense to form
chromosomes and genes which carry hereditary information. Mitochondria Mitochondria are
among the largest cell organelles also known as the engine house of the cells. Peroxisomes
play the major role of digesting complex fatty acids including aiding in photosynthesis. The
DNA is made up of nucleotides which eventually help in protein formation by the process of
transcription and translation. Nucleus Cell nucleus is supposed to be the brain or the control
center of the cell and thus one of the most important animal cell parts. It is mainly made up of
water and protein material. Endoplasmic Reticulum This is the organelle that connects the
nucleus and cytoplasm. Peroxisomes These are microbodies of the plant cells that contain
various degradation enzymes. Animal Cell Cell Membrane The cell membrane is the outer
most part of the cell which encloses all the other cell organelles.
Plant Cell Plant cells dont have lysosomes Plant cells dont have centrosomes Plant cells
dont have nuclear membrane Plant cells dont have nucleolus Animal Cell Animal cells dont
have chloroplasts Animal cells dont have plastids Animal cells dont have cell wall Conclusion
. Lysosomes These are membrane bound sacs containing enzymes needed to break down
unnecessary parts of the cell for reuse. . The RER is mainly responsible for holding onto the
proteins formed in the ribosomes. Their main function is storage. Golgi. do that to release the
protein chains. Endoplasmic Reticulum ER The animal cell model clearly suggests ER to be
the second largest cell organelle after mitochondria since these forms a series of
interconnecting flattened tubular tunnels. Vacuoles Smaller gas and membrane vacuoles
filled with fluids and water are present in animal cells. It mainly helps phagocytosis and
promotes intracellular digestion. rough endoplasmic reticulum RER and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum SER.Ribosomes As I mentioned previously. thus being rough in appearance.
These organelles could be bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or free floating in the
cytoplasm. Centrosomes These small organelles surrounded by the microtubules or the
centrosphere. membranous sacs associated chiefly with the endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi
Apparatus The proteins formed and bounded by the ER need to be processed so as to
perform normal functions. contain the centrioles which are responsible for the initiation of cell
division. protein synthesis transcription and translation takes place in ribosomes. In a
tabulated form give the differences between plant and animal cells.