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Making better supply chain decisions through total delivered cost management Agenda Introductions ► Who we are ► Session objectives ► 21st annual trends in logistics and transportation study ► Total delivered cost ► Questions ► Page 1 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Introductions ► Gary Allen ► North ► America – Logistics Practice Leader Tony Ross ► North Page 2 1210-1397979 America – Healthcare Supply Chain Leader HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Agenda Introductions ► Who we are ► Session objectives ► 21st annual trends in logistics and transportation study ► Total delivered cost ► Questions ► Page 3 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Ernst & Young has a strong global presence in Supply Chain and Operations Global SC&O & Advisory Footprint Supply Chain Transformation ► ► ► Asia Pacific ► Americas 300 Supply Chain professionals 8,200 Advisory professionals EMEIA 250 Supply Chain professionals 450 Supply Chain professionals 3,600 Advisory professionals ► ► ► ► ► ► 11,200 Advisory professionals Supply chain strategy and Operating model transformation (including TESCM) Total delivered cost optimization Supply chain network and global trade flow optimization Transportation and logistics optimization Improving supply chain responsiveness and agility Improving cash to cash cycle and working capital (incl. inventory optimization) Supply chain functional performance improvement – S&OP, Planning, Manufacturing, Logistics, Service Order to cash performance improvement Improving supply chain risk management Improving supply chain sustainability Procurement Transformation ► ► ► ► Global $22.9b revenue ($4.3b Advisory) 140 countries 152,000 professionals Advisory Page 4 1210-1397979 Assurance Tax HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young ► ► ► ► Transaction ► Procurement strategy and operating model transformation Advanced strategic sourcing and spend category management approaches (incl. demand management) Procurement advanced hedging and risk management strategies Complex commercial contracting and outsourcing reviews and implementation Driving improved supplier relationship management including innovation and development Procure to pay performance improvement Improved supplier risk management Advanced procurement analytics incl. landed cost models Procurement performance management and benefits tracking Agenda Introductions ► Who we are ► Session objectives ► 21st annual trends in logistics and transportation study ► Total delivered cost ► Questions ► Page 5 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Session objectives Major trends affecting logistics and how they affect supply chain decisions ► Perspective on total delivered cost, how companies are using it today and a road map for you to apply it within your organization ► Page 6 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Agenda Introductions ► Who we are ► Session objectives ► 21st annual trends in logistics and transportation study ► Total delivered cost ► Questions ► Page 7 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young 2012 trends in transportation and logistics study Background ► ► 21st year of the study Joint research with Dr. Karl Manrodt, Georgia Southern University; Dr. Mary Holcomb, University of Tennessee; Ernst & Young; and Con-way The 2012 study sample represents more than ► $30.1 billion domestic ► $20.5 billion international in logistics expenditures 1,370 Page 8 1210-1397979 $50.6 billion is approximately 6.7% of total domestic transportation spend respondents from 16 industry sectors represented this study HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young 2012 study – top five megatrends These top five trends were consistent across all sectors: Companies are not maximizing their potential to differentiate service. Business analytics capabilities need further development to enable differentiation capabilities. Increased visibility is needed to build the needed level of flexibility and to enable differentiation of service. Closer collaboration with key supply chain members is needed to increase flexibility. A deeper understanding of indirect costs are needed to achieve the desired level of efficiency. Page 9 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young 2012 study – top five megatrends Differentiated service Companies are not maximizing their potential to differentiate service. ► ► ► Survey participants overwhelmingly agreed that “being better than our competitors in terms of service would significantly improve our competitive position.” While “best” customers do receive better service, the difference in service levels between this group and “average” customers is fairly low. “Average” customers reported more service improvements from the previous year than “best” customers. 1. Being better than our competitors in terms of service would significantly improve our competitive position. 2. Innovation in logistics / transportation service would significantly improve our competitive edge. 3. Our customers consider logistics / transportation service an important differentiating characteristic that is just as important as our products. 4. Increasing costs are often used to moderate logistics / transportation service differentiation. 5. The logistics / transportation service offered by our company is a barrier to new competition. 6. Our logistics / transportation service allows us to charge a premium / prestige price to our customers. “Best” customers receive better service 1.94 2.58 2.59 3.12 3.85 3.96 0 1 2 3 4 5 Scale: 1 = Strongly agree; 7 = Strongly disagree Page 10 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young 2012 study – top five megatrends Business intelligence Business intelligence (analytics) capabilities need further development to enable differentiation capabilities. ► ► ► Most commonly shared data with key customers and suppliers primarily involves operations. Business intelligence is not yet a strategic imperative but driven primarily by customer contract requirements. The top five impediments to developing robust business intelligence capabilities are: ► ► ► ► ► Lack of integrated processes Objectives that vary across business units Cost of implementation Lack of standardized data Lack of organizational strategy Predictive modeling and data mining 38.8% Meta data management Advanced analytics (including on-line analytical processing) 25.7% 58.9% 37.1% 15.9% 19.6% 15.9% 10.6%14.5% 27.1% 14.5% 21.3% Not Planned Planned Interactive visualization 57.9% 18.2% 12.6%11.2% Implemented Completed Dashboards Data mining 19.4% 26.4% 20.3% 19.5% 22.0% 24.5% 38.3% 29.5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Page 11 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young 2012 study – top five megatrends Increased visibility Increased visibility is needed to build the needed level of flexibility and to enable differentiation of service. ► ► Domestic visibility of the physical flow of goods and products on both the inbound and outbound sides increased. ► Visibility for the remaining points in the supply chain reported no improvement. International visibility also improved for inbound and outbound transportation. Other parts of the supply chain halted previous years progress. Supplier’s Supplier 5.2 Supplier 3.8 Inbound 3.0 Company 2012 2.7 NOTE: 1 = very visible; 7 = not very visible Page 12 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Outbound 1.9 Customer 3.6 2012 study – top five megatrends Collaboration with suppliers Closer collaboration with key supply chain members is needed to increase flexibility. ► ► ► ► ► The results show that companies have placed much more effort in sharing information and collaborating with key customers than they have with key suppliers. Capacity forecast sharing was near the bottom of the list of primary actions taken by companies to offset rising transportation costs. Improved integration of information systems with external supply chain partners was also one of the least likely initiatives to be taken. Sharing data (as a collaboration initiative) has focused on operations and tactics If we continue to focus at these levels, how and when will collaboration become strategic? Shipment status 70% Commonly shared data With key customers Advanced ship notice 49% 63% 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young 62% Production schedules 37% Customer delivery requirements Page 13 Demand forecasts Order status 68% Commonly shared data with key suppliers 2012 study – top five megatrends Cost to serve A deeper understanding of indirect costs is needed to achieve the desired level of efficiency. ► Most companies tend to focus on cost of good sold, few companies have the capability to understand their true cost to serve (CTS). ► CTS is often averaged across customers and products in a profitability review. Disaggregating these CTS averages highlights opportunities to reduce value leakage. ► Leading class companies segment CTS at a customer, product, brand or company level and complete the picture by providing end-to-end supply chain costs. ► CTS has recently become an area of focus, and many companies plan to launch CTS initiatives. Page 14 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Poll question #1: 21st annual trends in logistics and transportation Page 15 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Agenda Introductions ► Who we are ► Session objectives ► 21st annual trends in logistics and transportation study ► Total delivered cost ► Questions ► Page 16 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Current business environment Companies must respond to meet increasing customer* and internal expectations without increasing their costs Pressures from various commercial strategies Enterprise-wide imperative “Leverage global sourcing as a major source of cost reduction for the company in years to come” “Focus on the product needs of customers and reduce inventory that is not in high demand” “Monitor inventory movement and receive automatic alerts to proactively manage supply chain events and prevent order failures” Understand the end-toend supply chain costs and the impact of changes to the current network “Understanding impact of supply chain changes on our bottom line and financial reports” (*Customer in this narrative is another company or entity buying from a company; customer does not represent the end consumer.) Page 17 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Business complexities require a new solution Internal and external demands Misaligned internal objectives Companies are being squeezed from all sides: Commercial and supply chain often have misaligned objectives: ► ► ► Commercial – demanding increased promotional support and sales incentives ► Manufacturing and logistics – Increasing service levels while reducing manufacturing and logistics costs (e.g., delivery, make to order) Supply chain aims to minimize costs by eliminating non-value adding activities and is frustrated when commercial overcommits. ► Commercial looks to build volume through differentiated customer offerings and is frustrated when supply chain fails to deliver orders. Purchasing – internal cost of supply reduction pressures balanced against increased logistics costs and manufacturing flexibility Inefficient behavior is rewarded: Customer behavior directly affects cost and profitability: ► Up to 20% of cost of goods sold (COGS) can be directly affected by customer behavior (i.e., ordering, planning, logistics). ► Connecting customer demands all the way back through manufacturing and cost of supply is often not well understood. ► Companies often return 1.5% to 2% off list price to customers in efficiency terms that are not conditional and founded on total delivered cost. ► Purchasing is rewarded on material pricing reductions, manufacturing on production rates and quality, and logistics on cost and delivery. Without an understanding of total delivered costs, companies cannot reward efficient behavior or defend against changes that drive cost. ► Enables a fact-based dialogue ► Facilitates communications between commercial and supply chain ► Requires a detailed understanding of total supply chain costs and profitability to uncover the next generation of cost savings Page 18 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young What are companies doing? While most companies have attempted various total cost management initiatives, they tend to be disparate supply chain activities Potential activities Examples Transportation optimization ► Increase transport efficiency ratios via customer price negotiations and introduction of logistics terms Global trade management ► Reduce freight, broker, duty and compliance costs Network optimization ► Use spare capacity in distribution centers and consider shared warehousing arrangements Order management ► Identify inefficient order demands and associated costs to drive fact-based customer discussions Logistics outsourcing ► Use outside expertise and capabilities to help flex with market and customer demands ► Leading companies integrate all factors across supply chain and commercial organizations to reward efficient behavior and defend against cost increases. ► Efficiency investments conditional and based on a total delivered cost viewpoint. Total delivered costs Page 19 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Three components of total delivered costs Total delivered costs encompasses the entire supply chain from source of supply through delivery to customer. Supplier Retailer/ Distributor/ Customer Manufacturer Total landed cost Conversion cost Cost to serve Total delivered cost Customers continue to struggle to understand profitability and the related impact of balancing supply chain cost trade-offs and consumer needs across these components. Page 20 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Understanding the challenges and insights for each component is critical Strategic Global Total delivered cost How do I optimize my supply chain costs while balancing internal and external needs? Strategic/t actical Insight Global/ regional Landed costs How do I optimize my global sourcing and logistics network across regions? Sourcing strategies should properly account for all indirect and direct costs Tactical/ operational Challenge Regional/ local Conversion cost How do I balance manufacturing performance and demand variability? Small improvements in process reliability can produce significant results that make the difference between profit or loss Tactical/ operational Component Regional/ local Cost to serve How do I optimize my executional flows? Help sales teams understand delivery cost economics to build efficiency into trade terms Page 21 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Understand and model operating scenarios that meet needs while optimizing supply chain costs Total delivered cost framework Models tend to be unique by industry or customer but extend the focus from gross profit to economic profit, taking into account all the cost elements. Total delivered cost Illustrative Costs to serve ►Secondary warehousing and distribution: – Inbound material handling – Materials storage – Order assembly – Transportation ► Order-to-cash processing costs ► Selling costs ► Customer working capital costs Landed and conversion costs Standard COGS: – Raw/purchased materials – Packaging materials – Variable conversion costs – Fixed conversion costs – Primary logistics – Customs fees, duty, tax ► COGS variances: – Purchase price variance – Materials usage variance – Conversion cost variance ► HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Economic Profit Gross Profit Net Sales Value 1210-1397979 Deals & Allowances Gross Sales Page 22 Poll question #2: Total delivered cost framework Page 23 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Cost-to-serve capabilities allow companies to balance customer service improvement with supply chain efficiencies Along with sales and operations planning (S&OP), cost-to-serve provides the basis on which supply chain and commercial interact. It enables supply chain to make the move to become more customer centric Cost-to-serve analytics can identify unprofitable customer trade lanes, allowing interventions to be made Understanding cost to serve on a customer-by-customer basis can allow more specific promotion pricing to deliver higher returns CTS provides transparency of the true profitability of customers and products and enables visibility into supply chain costs across the business through a variety of lenses – product, customer, brand and product group Defining efficient trade terms makes certain that both the supplier and customer benefit from improvements in efficient behavior Supply chain and commercial interface Go-tomarket distribution strategy Promotion pricing and performance Efficiency trade terms Cost to serve Customer and product profitability Customer joint value creation Customer service offering Operational continual improvement Helps inform any joint customer initiative so that both parties benefit from changes Helps to understand and control the true cost of service offerings such as: ► Seven-day delivery ► Custom pallet requirements ► Electronic B2B utilization Tracking and controlling customer cost drivers in daily operations can drive incremental cost and effort benefits such as: ► Working with customers to order full pallets/full trucks ► Increasing percentage of notouch transactions There can be a 10x cost differential in serving “efficient” customers versus “inefficient” customers Page 24 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Resulting in benefits across the supply chain and typically generating upwards of 10% of total cost to serve within the region ► Incentivize customers to order full pallet quantities to reduce case packing ratio through structured pricing and trade terms ► Identify inefficient order demands and associated costs in order to drive fact-based retail discussions 10%-20% of Contract renegotiation with 3PL provider budget ► Plant Plant warehouse Supplier DC ► Put in place logistics efficiency terms based on cost to serve to reward efficient behavior and defend against cost increases ► Make efficiency investments conditional and based on true cost to serve Efficient spend 1%-2% off list price CP company supply chain ► Increase transport efficiency ratios via customer price negotiations and introduction of logistics terms ► Support transport contract renegotiation ► Increase average order sizes through the use of structured logistics trade terms with tiered pricing reflecting quantities ordered, leading to reduced processing volumes 6%-12% of budget Page 25 1210-1397979 Retailer store shelves Retailer RDCs Retailer supply chain 15%-30% of budget ► Transition customers to electronic order placement and eliminate inefficient behaviors, e.g., deductions and queries ► Increase average order sizes through the use of structured logistics trade terms with tiered pricing reflecting quantities ordered, leading to reduced processing volumes ► Restructure teams to focus on priority customers HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young ► Increase efficiencies in how deliveries are made to customers through flexibility in the network, e.g., peak versus off-peak 6%-12% of budget Global consumer products company – Cost to serve case study The business problem Customer Initial hypothesis Two largest retailers Increased direct deliveries from plant warehouse to customer Two largest retailers Increase vehicle fill Four small retailers with low vehicle fill Consolidation of volume to increase vehicle fill Opportunity Potential impact (% total CTS) 4.3% 1% 0.7% 6% The operating company has been challenged to significantly reduce costs during FY12. Tasked it’s operating companies with identifying significant cost reductions. Cost to serve identified as a key enabler to driving savings. Prior to implementation of the cost to serve solution, they understood that costs are high and that there is a high volume of internal movements, but they have no means to quantify this and create a business case for change. Approach Using a cost to serve simulation, they conducted a thorough analysis of their current cost to serve. These opportunities were identified as relatively quick wins. This enabled them to understand exactly where the key cost drivers were and identify and prioritize potential solutions for further analysis. Additional opportunities identified how fast- and slow-moving SKUs are managed within the network. Initially focusing primarily on their two largest retailers, using the scenario simulation they quantified the cost and service impact to create a business case and road map to change. Benefits identified Estimated net cost reduction of 6% of total cost to serve through: Increase in direct flows Increased vehicle fill Cost of capital benefit from inventory reduction in supplier DCs Additional benefits: Page 26 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Reduced G&A cost and improved operational efficiency (for supplier and retailer) due to fewer orders, increased vehicle fill and therefore fewer vehicles Landed cost issues and challenges Global sourcing presents significant challenges that can lead to value leakage, brand damage, penalties and even jail. ► Companies face growing cost, compliance and risk challenges across their global supply chains as they become stretched in the pursuit of low-cost country sourcing and revenue growth. Challenges of globalization Examples ► Breaking into new and emerging markets ► Kellogg’s Indian breakfast cereal initially failed due to price, positioning and logistics problems. ► Margin pressure and value leakage ► Hidden duties within delivery duty paid (DPP) contracts cost a manufacturer an additional 30% on landed costs ► Need to protect brand reputation ► Recalls cost Mattel $40m in 2007 and took $612m off its market capitalization. ► Increased cash flow needs of the global supply chain ► A multinational’s VAT systems setup did not match its evolving supply chain, leading to €20m of irrecoverable VAT trapped on the balance sheet. ► Excessive lead times ► Weak controls over third-party distributors led to delays of up to three months in customers getting orders delivered for this high-tech manufacturer. ► Many companies continue to address global sourcing issues in a fragmented, silo-based approach that can further contribute to these issues. These are just a handful of examples to illustrate why it is important to understand global trade in an integrated way. Page 27 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Landed cost optimization can enhance procurement and supply chain decision-making by taking a holistic view of the “inbound” supply chain costs Network optimization ► Materials and finished goods sourcing What is the impact on total landed cost and total delivered cost? ► New product development ► Capacity rebalancing Does the classification, source or use of import material have significant indirect tax implications? Value analysis and engineering ► Do indirect tax factors trigger or nullify cost-saving opportunities? ► Landed cost optimization will allow procurement, logistics and manufacturing to uncover hidden costs. Product costing and rationalization ► 1210-1397979 Are you able to rebalance production capacity while still minimizing delivered costs Make vs. buy (life-cycle cost) ► Do the cost variables in your makebuy analysis encompass indirect tax cost drivers? Plant rationalization ► Do you consider substitutes versus original? Are your product costing methods aligned? Page 28 Is your supply base cost effective, and can you take advantage of short-term price opportunities? HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Are you considering trade and indirect tax levers as well as logistics and conversion costs? Deploying the appropriate landed cost and network modeling tools to analyze supply chain costs and trade agreements will help identify potential opportunities Utilizing actual ERP data on materials purchases and product sales, combined with logistics transaction data ► Enables improved decision-making for: 1► Duty cost reduction ► Example customer output 2 3 Assess use of available duty regimes and free trade agreements 2► Sourcing decisions Compare different sources in use on a total delivered cost basis 1 2 3 3a ► Plant rationalization Assess and check which plant should supply which end market 3b ► Capacity balancing Assess and check which plant should supply which end market Page 29 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Diversified manufacturer – Global trade software implementation case study ► Trade preference determination improvement and automation projects generate duty savings between 30% and 60% ► A recently completed project yielded the following benefits: Diversified manufacturing – $8.3B FY09 revenue 6,000 ROI* First savings $5,600 Over 600 types of products/ parts traded across NAFTA and EU Manual origin qualification and trade preference determination processes Annual duties paid in thousands for comparable volume of trade achieved in month 5 $850K income 5,000 FY09 US imports: $706M FY09 US import declaration filings: 6,300 lines (distinct product/ transaction) 4,000 Import FTEs: 2.5 3,000 statement impact in first 12 months Savings: $3M annually Cash flow payback achieved in 20 months $2,600 Investment Improved working 2,000 capital Software cost: $2,800,000 Lower inventory Hardware cost: $40,000 Process improvement and software implementation services: $600,000 levels 1,000 Labor efficiencies Lower brokerage fees Total: $3,440,000 0 * Assumes a 4 months implementation, cost of capital 8% and 3 years capital amortization period Page 30 1210-1397979 Other benefits Prior to GTS HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young After GTS Lessons learned Area Risk Mitigation plan Scope of work and complexity ► Project delays through too much data analysis and scope of effort ► BU participation and buy-in ► Depends heavily on BU level participation and top-down sponsorship from BU executive ► Launch an assessment to confirm business case and prioritize initiatives ► Segment into logical buckets and pilot one segment in one region ► Structure around supply chain processes; Plan, Buy, Make, Move, Sell ► BU participants identified at every level within the project Initial buy-in from BU owners recommended prior to kick-off Tool: scalability and alignment ► Tools built in this project may not be in alignment with IT systems and direction ► Involve IT from the beginning to make sure that activities are aligned with IT systems and IT strategy Assignment and allocation rules: buy-in ► Assignment and allocation rules need to be defined and bought into across functions ► Participation from BU, sales, finance, supply chain and operations Facilitated workshops for buy-in Data availability ► Profitability dashboard and total delivered cost waterfall, hinges heavily on data availability ► Page 31 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young ► ► Initial two weeks of deep-dive on data availability Leverage data warehouse if available Poll question #3: case studies and lessons learned Page 32 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Total delivered cost implementation steps 1. Strategic alignment ► Understand business priorities, objectives & goals ► Get support from executive management & key functional leaders 2. Business segmentation ► Understand supply chain & customer unique characteristics ► Break it down into manageable pieces & identify a pilot to get started ► Establish clear definitions & understanding of services 3. TDC assessment and modeling ► Collect, analyze and model scenarios to help prioritize focus areas ► Focus on useful and value-driven cost data 4. Organization collaboration ► Gain alignment & proper incentives across all functional areas ► Create a cross-functional team with executive sponsorship 5. System enablement ► Page 33 1210-1397979 Evaluate which tools are right for you & will help sustain benefits HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Conclusion ► ► ► ► Key industry trends highlight the importance of service differentiation, business analytics, visibility, collaboration and understanding total costs. Customer behaviors and organization factors directly affect supply chain costs. TDC encompasses the entire supply chain from source of supply through delivery to customer. Without understanding TDC, companies cannot reward the right behavior that drive efficiencies. Page 34 1210-1397979 ► TDC is complex and must be broken down into “bite-size” chunks. ► Cost-to-serve capabilities allow companies to balance customer service improvement with supply chain efficiencies. ► Landed cost optimization allows procurement, logistics and manufacturing to uncover hidden costs. ► Successful projects require executive sponsorship and cross-functional involvement. ► When launching a TDC project, make sure your strategy is clear and that a proper assessment is conducted. HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Agenda Introductions ► Who we are ► Session objectives ► 21st annual trends in logistics and transportation study ► Total delivered cost ► Questions ► Page 35 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young Thank you! Gary Allen Executive Director, Logistics Leader gary.allen@ey.com +1 313 628 8639 Tony Ross Senior Manager, Logistics Practice tony.ross@ey.com +1 214 969 8846 Page 36 1210-1397979 HPCLC Fall Educational Event Confidential – 2012 Ernst & Young