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Bio 101
Laboratories 11 & 12
Muscle Histology
Gross Human Skeletal Muscle
Cat Muscle Dissection
1
What you should do in labs 11 & 12 …
• Lab 11
– Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)
– Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
• Lab 12
– Cat muscle dissection
– Review muscle histology
– Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
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Histology of Muscle Tissue
• Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view
under the microscope
– Skeletal
– Cardiac w/intercalated disc
– Smooth ( histological preparation)
See Activity 3 & 4, Exercise 6 in Marieb’s Lab Manual; Muscle
Tissue Characteristics
Complete item #19 (table), Review Sheet 6 (in Exercise 6). This
will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam
(you don’t have to hand this in)
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Skeletal Muscle
• Major characteristics
–
–
–
–
–
Contractile
Voluntary
Striated
Multinucleated
Unbranched
• Major Functions
– Voluntary movement
– Heat generation
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Skeletal Muscle
Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched
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Cardiac Muscle
• Major characteristics
–
–
–
–
–
–
Contractile
Involuntary
Striated
Single nucleus
Branched
Intercalated discs
• Major Function
– Pump blood
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Cardiac Muscle
Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated disks
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Smooth Muscle
• Major characteristics
–
–
–
–
–
Contractile
Involuntary
NOT Striated
Single, centrally located nucleus
Unbranched
• Major Function
– Controls size/shape of organs
– Constricts blood vessels
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Smooth Muscle
Cytology
Notice that this tissue is: Not
striated, mononucleated, and
non-branched
Histology
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Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy
• Use Figures 13.2 3and 13.3 in Marieb’s Exercise 13
for an overview.
• Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for
which you’ll be responsible on the lab exam
• Also refer to the Human Muscle Table in your
Laboratory Guide for the muscles you’ll have to be
able to identify for the lab exam.
• Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, in
Marieb’s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial
anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially
important for clinical practice)
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Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy
• Muscular system
– All skeletal muscles that can be controlled
voluntarily
– Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans
• Shape or appearance give clues to function
– Locomotion and posture; work across joints
• Origin – point of muscle attachment that moves least
• Insertion – point of muscle attachment that moves most
– Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue
– Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening
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How Skeletal Muscles Are Named
• Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles
– Direction
• Orientation relative to body midline
• Rectus, transverse, oblique
– Size
• Relative size of muscle
• Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus
– Shape
• Relative shape of muscle
• Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid
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How Skeletal Muscles Are Named
• Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles
– Action
• Principle action
• Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator
– Number of origins
• Number of tendons of origin
• Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)
– Location
• Temporalis, femoris
– Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name)
• Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid
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Muscles of the Head
*
*
*
*
*
Notice how the origins and insertions work…
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.html
Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle
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Muscles of the Upper Body
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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Muscles of the Upper Body
*
*
*
*
*
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Muscles of the upper limb
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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Muscles of the Anterior Forearm
*
*
*
*
*
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Muscles of the Posterior Forearm
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Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
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Muscles that Move the Foot
*
*
21
Muscles that Move the Foot
*
*
*
*
*
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Cat Dissection
• Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 of Marieb’s Laboratory
Manual.
• Use the Cat Dissection Guideline handout distributed today;
using the scalpel, blunt probe and gloved fingers…
• Refer to your Laboratory Guide handout for a list of the cat
muscles you’ll need to identify for the lab exam.
• Note:
– Some muscles are superficial and some are deep
– It’s best to do superficial dissection on one side of the cat, and
deep dissection on the other
• Do NOT under any circumstances cut through the thoracic
or abdominal walls!
• When cutting muscles (if you do), always cut them across
their long axis
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*Tibialis anterior
*Gracilis
* Gastrocnemius
* Sartorius
*External oblique
Pectoantebrachialis
*
*Pectoralis minor
Xiphihumeralis
* Pectoralis major
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*External oblique
* Gastrocnemius
Levator scapulae ventralis
*Semitendinosus
*Clavotrapezius
*Spinotrapezius
*Sartorius
*Latissimus dorsi
*Gluteal muscles
*Biceps femoris
fasciae
*Tensor
latae
*Acromiotrapezius
Spinodeltoid
* Clavodeltoid
Lumbodorsal fascia
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid
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Digastric muscles
Mylohyoid
Sternohyoid
*Sternomastoid
* Clavotrapezius
ID neck muscles by photograph only
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*Pectoantebrachialis
*Pectoralis minor
Xiphihumeralis
*Pectoralis major
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*Pectoralis
major
Xiphihumeralis
*Pectoantebrachialis
*Pectoralis
minor
*External
oblique
* Rectus
abdominis
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* Pectoantebrachialis
*Latissimus
dorsi
Xiphihumeralis
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*External
oblique (cut
and reflected)
*Rectus
abdominis
*Transversus
abdominis
* Internal
oblique
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*Pectoantebrachialis
* Pectoralis
major
*Serratus
ventralis
(anterior)
* Rectus
abdominis
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Lumbodorsal
fascia
*Latissimus dorsi
*Acromiotrapezius
* Clavotrapezius
* Spinotrapezius
* Clavodeltoid
Levator
scapulae
ventralis
*Spinodeltoid
*Acromiodeltoid
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* Acromiotrapezius
*Spinotrapezius
*Clavotrapezius
*Latissimus
dorsi
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius
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*Clavotrapezius
*Clavodeltoid
Levator scapulae
ventralis
*Acromiodeltoid
*Acromiotrapezius
*Spinodeltoid
* Spinotrapezius
*Latissimus
dorsi
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid
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* Brachioradialis
* Biceps brachii
* Pronator
teres
* Triceps brachii
(medial head)
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Flexor carpi radialis
* Brachioradialis
Extensor
carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum
profundus
*Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi
ulnaris
*Pronator
teres
* Biceps brachii
Epitrochlearis
*Triceps
brachii
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* Biceps brachii
* Brachioradialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor carpi radialis
Epitrochlearis
*Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
*Palmaris longus
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum lateralis
*Brachioradialis
Extensor digitorum communis
*Triceps brachii
(lateral head)
brachii
*Triceps
(long head)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
*Clavodeltoid
*Spinodeltoid
*Acromiodeltoid
*Clavotrapezius
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*Brachioradialis
* Clavodeltoid
* Triceps brachii
(lateral and long
heads)
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* Sartorius
*Gracilis
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*Adductor longus
*Adductor femoris
* Semimembranosus
*Vastus
medialis
Pectineus
*Tensor fasciae
*Rectus latae
femoris
*Vastus
lateralis Fascia lata
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*Rectus
femoris
*Vastus
lateralis
Pectineus
*Adductor longus
*Adductor femoris
*Vastus
medialis
*Semimembranosus
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* Tibialis anterior
*Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
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* Flexor digitorum
longus
*Gastrocnemius
* Tibialis
anterior
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*Tensor fasciae latae
*Biceps femoris
*Gluteus medius
*Semitendinosus
*Semimembranosus
*Gluteus maximus
Caudofemoralis
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* Gluteus medius
*Gluteus maximus
Caudofemoralis
*Biceps femoris
*Gastrocnemius
*Semitendinosus
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*Gastrocnemius
Extensor
digitorum longus
* Soleus
* Fibularis
muscles
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Remaining Labs for Semester…
• Lab 13 – Nervous System
– Human Brain, Spinal Cord – Marieb Exercise 17,19
– Sheep brain - Marieb Exercise 17
• Lab 14
– Eye Anatomy – Marieb Exercise 23
– Ear Anatomy – Marieb Exercise 25
– (We will not be doing any physiology on special senses in lab)
• Lab Exam 3
- Fri Lab – Friday, 12/5 @ 8:30 am
- Monday Lab – Monday 12/8 @ 8:30 am
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