Download The collection of all the variety of living organisms in the biosphere

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The collection of all the variety of living organisms in the biosphere is called
a. An ecological pyramid
b. Sustainable development
c. Biodiversity
d. Conservation biology
Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms
a. With each other and their biotic factors
b. And their communities
c. With each other and their physical environment
d. And the food they eat
What is the largest level of ecological study?
a. Population
b. Community
c. Biosphere
d. Ecosystem
What is the term for a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area?
a. Population
b. Community
c. Biosphere
d. Ecosystem
Groups of organisms of different species living together in a particular place is called a
a. Population
b. Community
c. Biosphere
d. Ecosystem
An ecosystem includes
a. Community of organisms
b. Energy
c. Soil, water and weather
d. All of the above
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem EXCEPT
a. Plants
b. Soil
c. Water
d. Temperature
Which biome has the least amount of precipitation?
a. Tundra
b. Tropical rainforest
c. Desert
d. Deciduous forest
Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, high winds, and permafrost?
a. Tundra
b. Tropical rainforest
c. Desert
d. Deciduous forest
Which animal would naturally be found in the biome that has cold winters, warm summers, and deciduous trees?
a. Deer
b. Polar bear
c. Iguna
d. Kangaroo rat
11. Organisms that make energy for an ecosystem are called
a. Consumers
b. Producers
c. Decomposers
d. Scavengers
12. Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down waste and dead organisms are called
a. Consumers
b. Producers
c. Decomposers
d. Scavengers
13. Organisms that consume at the second trophic level are
a. Herbivores
b. Secondary consumers
c. Carnivores
d. Producers
14. Food webs are more representative of energy flow than food chains because
a. Organisms die
b. Organisms eat and are eaten by many different organisms
c. Only omnivores are represented in food chains
d. None of the above
15. Which type of organism can obtain energy from every other type of organism?
a. Producer
b. Carnivore
c. Decomposer
d. Herbivore
16. Which of the following is a detritivore?
a. Fish
b. Pandas
c. Fungi
d. Sunflowers
17. What is the term for each level in the transfer of energy in an ecosystem?
a. Food chain
b. Trophic level
c. Consumer level
d. Primary productivity
18. As you progress from one trophic level to the next higher level,
a. Population increases
b. Available energy decreases
c. Diversity of life increases
d. Biomass increases
19. The movement of energy and nutrients through ecosystems are different because
a. Energy flows, nutrients/ chemicals recycle
b. Nutrients/ chemicals flow, energy recycles
c. Energy is always available
d. Nutrients/ chemicals are always available
20. The water cycle is important to ecosystems because
a. Producers need water for photosynthesis
b. Consumers need water for hydrolysis
c. Aquatic life is supported by water
d. All of the above
21. Evaporation from plants is called
a. Sublimation
b. Deposition
c. Transpiration
d. Perspiration
22. What is the source of carbon for sugars made by producers?
a. Water in ecosystem
b. Oxygen in ecosystem
c. Sugars in ecosystem
d. Carbon dioxide in ecosystem
23. Humans affect the carbon cycle by
a. Burning fossil fuels
b. Deforestation
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
24. The Greenhouse Effect may increase on Earth because
a. Plant populations are increasing
b. Plants give off too much oxygen
c. Increasing carbon dioxide will trap more heat
d. The Earth tilts toward the sun in the summer
25. Nitrogen fixation is carried out by all of the following EXCEPT
a. Blue-algae
b. Lichens
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Humans
26. Nitrogen is a component of
a. Fats
b. Water
c. Carbohydrates
d. Proteins and nucleic acids
27. As you move up the trophic levels in food chains the concentration of fat soluble chemicals
a. Stays the same
b. Increases
c. Decreases
d. Is eliminated
28. The major cause of ozone depletion is
a. Nitric acid
b. Sulfuric acid
c. Chlorofluorocarbons
d. Ultraviolet light
29. All of the following are threats to biodiversity EXCEPT
a. Overexploitation
b. Habitat fragmentation
c. Introduced species
d. Species preservation
30. Things you can do as an individual to contribute to a cleaner environment include
a. Recycling
b. Using alternative means of transportation
c. Helping educate the public
d. All of the above
31. In which part of the leaf does most of photosynthesis occur?
a. Vein
b. air space
c. mesophyll
d. stomata
32. The function of the cuticle is
a. transporting water and nutrients to the leaf
b. providing protection to the leaf
c. capturing sunlight
d. absorbing water
33. The more dense and organized area of the mesophyll is called the
a. dense mesophyll
b. spongy mesophyll
c. palisade mesophyll
d. pressure mesophyll
34. Water vapor and gases pass through which structure of the leaf?
a. Cuticle
b. Epidermis
c. Stomata
d. Vein
35. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by
a. palisade layer cells
b. epidermal cells
c. guard cells
d. spongy layer cells
36. Which of the following is a structural advantage of the leaf?
a. waxy cuticle repels water and disease
b. spongy layer allows gas exchange
c. large surface area:volume ratio
d. all of the above
37. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called
a. Pigments
b. Thylakoids
c. Chloroplasts
d. Glucose
38. The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the
a. Stomata
b. Thylakoids
c. Stroma
d. Mitochondria
39. The Calvin cycle occurs in the
a. Stomata
b. Stroma
c. Thylakoids
d. Epidermis
40. The reactant(s) of the Light Reactions include
a. Sugar
b. O2, ATP and NADPH
c. CO2, H2O and sunlight
d. H2O and sunlight
41. The product(s) of the Calvin Cycle include
a. Sugar
b. CO2, ATP and NADPH
c. CO2
42. Which of the following colors of the visible light spectrum do pigments in the chloroplast absorb most efficiently?
a. green and yellow
b. blue and red
c. blue and green
d. red and green
43. Which of the following is NOT used by the plant during photosynthesis?
a. O2
b. CO2
c. Water
d. Sunlight
44. Where does the O2 produced in photosynthesis come from?
a. CO2
b. H2O
c. G3P
45. A cluster of light absorbing pigments embedded in the thylakoid membrane is called a(n)
a. Enzyme
b. Photosystem
c. solar panel
46. Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the rate of photosynthesis?
a. Temperature
b. sugar concentration
c. light intensity
d. CO2 concentration
47. Cellular Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of
a. Plants cells
b. Animal cells
c. Plant and Animal cells
d. Only prokaryotic cells
48. The structure of mitochondria are an example of form and function because
a. They are only found in animal cells
b. They have highly folded inner membranes
c. They make sugars
d. They function best anaerobically
49. Which of the following is the correct formula for Cellular Respiration?
a. 6H2O + 6CO2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ATP
b. C6H12O6 + 6CO2
6H2O + 6O2 + ATP
c. C6H12O6 + 6O2
6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
d. 6H2O + 6CO2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ATP
50. Energy is released from ATP when
a. A phosphate is added
b. Adenine bonds to ribose
c. ATP is exposed to sunlight
d. A phosphate is removed
51. ATP is the abbreviation for
a. Acetic triphosphate
b. Adenosine triphosphate
c. Adenosine diphophate
d. Acetic diphosphate
52. Energy needed to run a marathon is an example of which type of work?
a. Chemical
b. Mechanical
c. Transport
d. Organic
53. Pumping ions across a cell membrane is an example of which type of work?
a. Chemical
b. Mechanical
c. Transport
d. Organic
54. Digesting your peanut butter and jelly sandwich is an example of which type of work?
a. Chemical
b. Mechanical
c. Transport
d. Organic
55. Breathing is necessary in order to
a. Deliver glucose to the cells
b. Deliver O2 to the cells
c. Deliver CO2 to the cells
d. All of the above
56. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy in glucose into the chemical energy found in
a. Organic molecules
b. ATP
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Water
57. Our source of glucose is found in
a. Sunlight
b. Water
c. CO2
d. Food
58. Which of the following is the correct sequence of cellular respiration?
a. Glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle
b. Krebs cycle, Electron Transport System, glycolysis
c. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport System
d. Krebs cycle, glycolysis, Electron Transport System
59. Glycolysis occurs
a. In the stroma
b. In the matrix
c. In the cytoplasm
d. Across inner mitochondria membranes
60. Reactants of glycolysis include
a. Glucose and O2
b. Glucose and CO2
c. Glucose and H2O
d. Glucose and ATP
61. Products of glycolysis include
a. ATP
b. NADH
c. Pyruvic Acid
d. All of the above
62. An intermediate stage between glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle produces
a. ATP
b. H2O
c. CO2 and Acetyl CoA
d. CO2 and Pyruvic Acid
63. The Krebs Cycle occurs
a. In the stroma
b. In the matrix
c. In the cytoplasm
d. Across inner mitochondria membranes
64. Reactants for the Krebs Cycle include
a. Pyruvic Acids
b. Acetyl CoAs
c. ATP
d. O2
65. Products of the Krebs Cycle include
a. CO2 and ATP
b. CO2, NADH and FADH2
c. NADH, FADH2 and ATP
d. CO2, ATP, NADH and FADH2
66. The Electron Transport System is found
a. In the stroma
b. In the matrix
c. In the cytoplasm
d. In the inner mitochondria membranes
67. Reactants of the ETS include
a. Electrons
b. CO2
c. H2O
d. H2O and electrons
68. Products of the ETS include
a. ATP
b. ATP and CO2
c. ATP and H2O
d. Water only
69. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires
a. Light
b. Exercise
c. Oxygen
d. Glucose
70. If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration,
a. Fermentation will occur
b. The Krebs Cycle begins
c. The Calvin Cycle begins
d. ETS begins
71. For each molecule of glucose, cellular respiration can produce as many as
a. 4 ATP
b. 34 ATP
c. 38 ATP
d. 40 ATP
72. The majority of ATP is produced during
a. Glycolysis
b. Krebs Cycle
c. ETS
d. Calvin Cycle
73. Which molecule is the final electron acceptor at the end of the Electron Transport System?
a. NADH
b. Carbon
c. Oxygen
d. Pyruvic Acid
74. What stage is part of both cellular respiration and fermentation?
a. Electron Transport System
b. Glycolysis
c. Krebs Cycle
d. All of the above
75. Sore muscles after a strenuous workout is the result of a buildup of
a. Pyruvic acid
b. Acetic acid
c. Lactic acid
d. RUBP
76. The study of classifying living organisms is called
a. Binomial nomenclature
b. Nature Selection
c. Taxonomy
d. Ecology
77. ____________ is the classification system in which each species is assigned a two part scientific name.
a. Binomial nomenclature
b. Nature Selection
c. Taxonomy
d. Ecology
78. An organism’s scientific name consists of
a. Its class and family names
b. Its kingdom and phylum names
c. Its genus and species names
d. Its phylum and species names
79. Which of the following is an example of a proper scientific name?
a. Juglans Regia
b. Homo sapiens
c. Canis familiaris
d. equis caballus
80. Which of the following is the broadest (most diverse) grouping?
a. Family
b. Domain
c. Kingdom
d. Species
81. Which of the following is classified in the Eukarya Domain?
a. Ferns
b. Crickets
c. Paramecium
d. All of the above
82. Which kingdom includes only multicellular heterotrophs?
a. Protists
b. Archaebacteria
c. Plants
d. Animals
83. Which kingdom includes only prokaryotes?
a. Protists
b. Archaebacteria
c. Plants
d. Animals
84. Which kingdom includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
a. Eubacteria
b. Protists
c. Plants
d. Archebacteria
85. Which is a characteristic of archaebacteria?
a. Disease-causing
b. Eukaryotic
c. Use the sun to make energy
d. Live in extreme environments
86. Which kingdom only contains only autotrophs?
a. Plants
b. Protists
c. Fungi
d. Eubacteria
87. A cat’s scientific name is Felix domesticus. Which genus does it belong to?
a. Cat
b. Felix
c. Domesticus
d. Animalia
88. A factor that keeps species separate is
a. Reproduction at different times
b. Incompatible reproductive structures
c. Different mating rituals
d. All of the above
89. The separation of populations by blooming seasons is called
a. Temporal isolation
b. Habitat isolation
c. Behavioral isolation
d. Gametic isolation
90. Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the requirements of
a. Use and disuse
b. Variation and a selective pressure
c. Only variation
d. Only a selective pressure
91. A scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees and finds that the most common
circumference is 2cm. What would you expect the most common circumference to be after 10 generations of
stabile conditions?
a. 2cm
b. Greater than 2cm
c. Less than 2cm
d. None of the above
92. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, certain individuals will survive and reproduce more than others
due to
a. Adaptations developed by use
b. Inherited adaptations that are well suited to the environment
c. Lack of completion
d. Lack of variation
93. Biological fitness is the ability of the individual to
a. Live to a reproductive age
b. Live to a reproductive age and contribute to the gene pool of the next generation
c. Adapt to the environment
d. Acquire new characteristics
94. The structural similarities between the flippers of whales and the arms of humans are used to show that
a. Human species began life in the ocean
b. Human species and whales have a common ancestor
c. Whales used to have arms
d. Humans used to have flippers
95. Two nucleotide sequences found in two different species are almost exactly the same. This suggests that these
species
a. Are evolving into the same species
b. Contain identical DNA
c. May have similar evolutionary histories
d. Have nothing in common
96. In certain environments, a greenish form of a caterpillar blends in with its surroundings better than a yellowish
form of the same type of caterpillar. Therefore, the yellow caterpillar is eaten more often by birds than the green
caterpillar. More of the green caterpillars become butterflies that produce more green caterpillars. The percentage
of green caterpillars in the population grows. This is an example of
a. Genetic drift
b. Gene flow
c. Natural selection
d. Mutation
97. The combined alleles of all the individuals in a population is called the
a. Phenotype
b. Genotype
c. Gene pool
d. Natural selection
98. A change in the gene pool due to chance is called
a. Gene flow
b. Natural selection
c. Genetic drift
d. Hardy Weinburg equilibrium
99. The random loss/gain of alleles (movement out/in) a population is called
a. Gene flow
b. Natural selection
c. Genetic drift
d. Hardy Weinburg equilibrium
100.
In the Hardy Weinburg equation, the term 2pq represents the frequency of the
a. Dominant homozygous individual
b. Recessive homozygous individual
c. Dominant allele
d. Heterozygous individual
101. Using the Hardy Weinburg Principle, which represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype?
a. p2
b. 2pq
c. q2
d. q
102.
In a population of wildflowers, the frequency of the dominant allele for red flowers was 0.8. What was the
frequency of the recessive white allele?
a. 0.8
b. 0.4
c. 0.2
d. 0.1
103.
Referring to #26, what is the frequency of homozygous red flowers in the population?
a. 0.64
b. 0.48
c. 0.32
d. 0.04
104.
Referring to #26, what is the frequency of homozygous white flowers in the population?
a. 0.64
b. 0.48
c. 0.32
d. 0.04
105.
Referring to #26, what is the frequency of heterozygous red flowers in the population?
a. 0.64
b. 0.48
c. 0.32
d. 0.04
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List the producer(s) in the ecosystem.
List the primary consumers in the ecosystem.
At what trophic level(s) do snakes eat?
What do fox eat?
Who eats the rabbits?
What impact may occur if the population of frogs decreased? List two.
6CO2 + 6H2O
1.
C6H12O6 + 6O2
How does H2O get to the site of photosynthesis?
2. How does CO2 get to the site of photosynthesis?
3. What reactant is the source of the O2 gas produced?
4. What subatomic particle of Hydrogen fuels the production of ATP in the Light Reactions?
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What subatomic particle of Hydrogen is accepted by NADP+ in the Light Reactions?
6. Where do the carbon atoms in sugars produced originate?
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Explain why the concentration of CO2 is at its highest in May and lowest in September.
C6H12O6 + 6O2
8.
6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP
What is our source of C6H12O6?
9. What is our source of 6O2?
10. During what stage(s) of cellular respiration is 6CO2 produced?
11. During what stage(s) of cellular respiration is 6H2O produced?
12. Under what condition does cellular respiration produce the most ATP? (Aerobic or Anaerobic)
13. Why do we need ATP? Give an example of each type of work. (Chemical, Transport, Mechanical)
14. Use the following biological or dichotomous key to name the following flowers.
Natural Selection favors heterozygotes (carriers of the Sickle Cell allele) living in Africa, but not in North America.
15. What selective pressure exists in Africa that doesn’t exist in North America?
16. How does this selective pressure lead to the observed differences in allele frequencies between the two continents?
Use the terms: selective pressure, adaptation, and biologically fit in your answer.
Biology 200 Final 2016
Tuesday 6/6/16 A34 8-10am
Wednesday 6/7/16 A56 8-10am
C210
90 Multiple Choice Questions
Constructed Response Questions with Diagrams
Food Web
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Dichotomous Key
Hardy Weinburg
Unit 5 Ecology
 Ecosystems and Energy Flow
o Biotic and Abiotic factors
o Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
o Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detritivore
o Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic
o Food Webs and Energy Pyramids
Unit 6 Energy in Ecosystems
 Pigments and color
 Photosynthesis
o Formula
o Light Reactions reactants and products
o Calvin Cycle reactants and products
o Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
 Cellular Respiration
o Formula
o Glycolysis
o Kreb’s Cycle
o Electron Transport Chain
o Fermentation and role of Oxygen
o ATP composition and cycle
o Cellular respiration vs. breathing
Unit 7: Classification and Evolution
 Using a Dichotomous Key
o Natural Selection
o Requirements for evolution
 Selective pressure and variation
o Adaptations
o Allele frequencies
 Hardy-Weinburg
o p+q=1
o p = frequency of dominant allele
o q = frequency of recessive allele
o Evolutionary Relationships based on evidence