Download Meteorology

Opening Warm Up Question???
• Everyone in this classroom
breaths air. Can you tell me what
air is made of???
• Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon
Dioxide, Water, and Dust.
Meteorology
What’s the weather like on your
planet???
Atmosphere
• Layer of gasses and tiny particles
that surround the earth.
• Protects us from dangers of
space.
• Changes conditions (weather)
Meteorology
• Study of the
atmosphere
• Study weather
• Study of
climate
Weather
• General
condition of the
atmosphere at
a particular
place and time.
Climate
• General weather
conditions of a
particular place
over many years
Atmosphere Composition
• Nitrogen (N2)
• Oxygen (O2)
• Argon (Ar)
• Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
• Water (H2O)
• Dust
Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen
• Oxygen is added
by plants
• O2 is removed by
animals
• Carbon Dioxide =
added by animals
and burning of
fossil fuels
• CO2 = Removed
by plants
Layers of the Atmosphere
• 1. Troposphere
• 2. Stratosphere
• 3. Mesosphere
• 4. Thermosphere
and Ionosphere
• 5. Exosphere
Troposphere
• Lowest Layer
• 0-10 Km High
• Weather occurs here
• Contains water vapor and CO2
• T decreases with altitude
• 20 C to -60 C
Stratosphere
• 2nd Layer
• 10-50 Km high
• T increases with altitude (-60 to 20 C)
• Contains Ozone Layer (O3)
• Absorbs harmful UV rays
• Being destroyed (Aerosol cans)
Please name the 5 layers of the
atmosphere…
• 1. ___________
• 2. ___________
• 3. ___________
• 4. ___________
• 5. ___________
Mesosphere
• 50-80 Km
• Temp Decreases with altitude
(20 to -90 C)
• Coldest Layer
• Meteorites burn up here
Thermosphere and Ionosphere
• 80-640 Km
• Temp increases (2,000 C highest)
• Absorbs gamma, x ray, and UV
rays
• Auroras
Exosphere
• 640-9,600 Km
• Earth’s
atmosphere
blends into
vacuum of space
Travel through the Atmosphere
Atmospheres
Atmosphere Train
Air Pollution
• Substance in the atmosphere that
is harmful to life on earth
• Caused by burning of fossil fuels
in automobiles and industry
Acid Rain
• Air pollution +
rain; poisons
fish, kills crops,
and ruins
agriculture
Greenhouse Effect
• Glass allows short wavelengths of
light in.
• Glass prevents long wavelengths from
leaving.
• Traps heat
• Increased by CO2 and other
greenhouse gasses.
• Atmosphere
Think about it???
• Where should you put your Coke
can when you are done drinking
it???
• Why???
• Is this the only thing in nature
that is recycled???
• Remember the food chain???
Water Cycle
• Continuous
movement of
water between
the air, land, and
water bodies.
• All 3 forms of
water
How it works…
• 1. Rivers feed lakes and oceans
• 2. Streams feed rivers
• 3. Rain falling and snow melting on a
watershed feed streams.
• 4. Precipitation from the clouds falls
to the ground.
• 5. Water vapor condenses in the sky
and makes a cloud.
• 6. Water from lakes and oceans
evaporates and forms vapor.
Evaporation
• Changing of
liquid water into
water vapor as a
result of adding
heat.
Condensation
• Changing of
water vapor into
liquid water as
the result of heat
loss.
• Water cools as it
rises
• Forms clouds
Precipitation
• Release of
liquid or frozen
water from
clouds
• Rain or snow
Run Off
• Flowing of
precipitation
into a larger
body of water.
• “Waste Water”
Water Cycle Song
Mr. Parr Water Cycle
Warm Up Questions???
• 1. Please name two ways water is removed from
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•
•
•
•
the surface.
2. As water vapor rises what happens to it?
3. What happens to water after this step?
4. We call water falling from the sky rain, snow,
hail, etc… What would the weather man call
this?
5. Please describe the journey a rain drop will
take if it is fortunate enough to complete its
journey?
6. Why doesn’t all water follow this path???
Indicators of Weather
• All weather occurs in the troposphere
• Temperature- Relative hotness and
coldness of the air masses of a region
–Affected by latitude, altitude, and
vicinity to oceans
Relative Humidity
• Amount of water vapor in the air
• Hot air holds more than cold air
– Summer is humid, winter is dry
• As warm air cools, water vapor turns
to liquid and precipitation. (Dew
Point)
–Dew point on ground = Dew or Fog
–Dew Point in atmosphere = clouds
and precipitation
Barometric Pressure
• Measure of pressure caused by
the weight of atmosphere above a
certain point on the ground
High Pressure System
• Good Weather
–Dense cold air sinks
–As it sinks it consumes excess
moisture from the clouds
Low Pressure System
• Bad weather
• Less Dense, warm air rises
• As air rises it cools and forms
clouds
• Precipitation
High and low pressure
Wind
• The result of
difference in air
pressure
• Wind always
travels from high
to low pressure
areas
Warm Up Questions???
• 1. The amount of water vapor in the air
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•
•
•
determines ___________________.
2. When the barometric pressure is _______,
moisture will be pushed down and away. This
causes _______ weather?
3. What happens when we have a difference in
air pressure? (hint: high to low)
4. Please explain what happens to the
temperature as altitude increases.
5. The temperature at which water vapor
condenses is known as what?
Think about it???
• Ray heard the weatherman call for a low
pressure system. Remembering that Mr.
Colonna recently taught this in science,
Ray grabbed his sun block, sandals, and
bathing suit. Was this a good move on
Ray’s part and why?
Think About It???
• What are the only two processes that
remove water from the surface of Earth?
What happens to this water once it is
removed?
Clouds
• When water
vapor in the air
reaches its dew
point, it
condenses into
water droplets.
• Many Types
Cirrus
• Wispy high
clouds made of
ice crystals
Alto
• Medium height
clouds
Cumulus
• Fluffy clouds
• Can be alto or
low
• Look like cotton
balls
Stratus
• Sheet like grey
clouds
• Can be alto or
low
• Look like a
blanket pulled
across the sky
Nimbostratus
• Low stratus
cloud that
produces rain
Stratocumulus
• A combination
of both stratus
and cumulus
clouds
• Formed low in
height
Cumulonimbus
• Thunderstorm
clouds
• Found at all
levels of height
Cloud identification music
Cloud Formation
Who am I???
What about me???
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. Cirrus
2. Cumulonimbus
3. Nimbostratus
4. Stratocumulus
5. Cumulus
Think about it???
• Which direction does warm air
travel?
• Why???
• Which direction does cold air
travel?
• Why???
Forms of precipitation
• Rain
• Snow
• Hail
• Sleet
• Freezing rain
Think about it???
• What determines the form of
precipitation we will encounter???
• How???
Fact…
• All precipitation originally falls as
snow.
• Why???
Rain
• Liquid precipitation
• Temp must be above freezing from
cloud to surface
Snow
• Crystalline water ice
• Flakes will differ depending on
temperature.
• Cold temp. from cloud to surface
Sleet
• Falls as ice crystals
• Partially melts on the way down
• Lands as slush
• “Wintry Mix”
Freezing Rain
• Falls as snow
• Melts
• Re-freezes partially near surface
• Lands as “liquid ice”
Hail
• Falls as snow
• Melts into rain
• Blown back above clouds
• Freezes into ice
• Falls as ice ball
• Can be blown up several times and grow
larger
Fact…
• The largest hail stone ever recorded in the
United States fell in July of last year and
was 8 inches in diameter…
Super Storms…
• Tornados
• Hurricanes
Tornados
• Occur on land
• Form under a cumulonimbus cloud
• Violent swirling warm and cold fronts
• 500 Meters wide
• Only last a few minutes
• Speeds can exceed 300 mph
Tornados Cont.
• Only few are devastating
• Measured on a scale of 0-5
• Occur in spring and summer
• Hills and mountains disrupt
tornados
• Occur in flat areas
How tornados form
Actual tornado formation
Hurricanes
• Typhoons in Pacific Ocean
• Happen near tropics
• Sucks up warm air and moisture
from below
• Disperses cold air from above
• “Breaths”
• Grows larger while over water
Hurricanes Cont.
• Almost 200 mph winds
• Eye at center (Calm)
• Dies once it hits land
• Most destructive storms
• Measured on a scale of 1-5
• Most powerful and destructive storm
Hurricanes 101
Katrina
Think about it???
• 1. Where is it the warmest on
planet Earth?
• 2. Where will have the warmest
air?
• 3. What does warm air do?
• 4. What will this create???
Latitude
• Measures
distance north
and south of the
equator
• Degrees
• 0-90 degrees
north and south
Longitude
• Measures distances
east and west
• 0-180 degrees
• Called meridians
• Prime MeridianGreenwich England
Warm Up Questions???
• 1. What does warm air do?
• 2. What does cold air do?
• 3. When warm and cold air
meet what do we get?
• 4. What kind of cloud forms a
tornado?
Tornados and Hurricanes
F6
Storm Clouds
Weather Song
Wind on the Planet
• Sun heats Earth unevenly
• Some places receive more sun
(Warmer)
• Some receive less (Colder)
• Warm air rises
• Cold air replaces warm air
Wind Cont.
• Winds are named for the
direction they originate from
• At 30 degrees North and South
warm air cools and sinks
• Some goes North and some
south back to equator
Coriolis Effect
• The rotation of
the earth causes
winds to be
deflected to the
right in the north
and to the left in
the south.
Global Wind Patterns
• Trade Winds
• Prevailing
Westerly
• Polar Easterlies
Trade Winds
• Blow east to west
• 0 degrees- 30 degrees N and S latitude
• Air blows toward equator
• Warm steady breeze which blows
constantly
Westerlies
• Blow from 30-60 degrees north and
south
• Blow west to east
• Air blows toward the poles
• Responsible for weather in US and
Canada
Polar Easterlies
• Start at north and south poles
• Cold air flows away from the
poles
• Coriolis effect makes wind travel
east to west
• Continues until it runs into
westerlies
Doldrums
• At the equator warm air is rising from
the North and South
• No wind is being produced
• Area of calm, windless sea
• Sailors could be stuck in the
Doldrums for weeks waiting for wind
All in a hot and copper sky,
The bloody Sun, at noon,
Right up above the mast did stand,
No bigger than the Moon.
Day after day, day after day,
We stuck, nor breath nor motion;
As idle as a painted ship
Upon a painted ocean.
Horse Latitudes
• Similar to doldrums
• Between trade winds and
westerlies
• Calm seas and no wind
• “Beating a dead horse”