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Leadership
What is it? / Who is it?
 Leadership is ‘the behavioural process of
influencing individuals and groups towards
set goals’
(J.L Barrow, 1977)
 Give examples of this
 Motivation through example
 Diplomatic
 Organiser
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Theories of leadership
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Same categories as personality
Trait, situational and interactionist.
Great Man Theory (Carlyle, 1841)
Great men are born not made!
What traits are necessary for a leader?
Height, weight, physical attractiveness, self
confidence, intelligence and sensitivity.
Limitation: research has shown leaders are not
consistently shown to be a certain type of person
Theories cont..
Situational: leaders involved in a variety of
roles according to the demands of the
situation.
 E.g. different kind of leader needed for
dangerous situations with large groups
instead of group in exploration activity.
 Interactionist: considers leader’s personal
characteristics and appropriateness to
situation
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Development of Leader
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Prescribed Leader
More formal situation the leader is assigned by a
higher authority and imposed on the group.
E.g. England cricket captain appointed by
T.C.C.B
Emergent Leader
one who achieves status by gaining the support
of the group as a result of having the
skills/knowledge that the group value or need.
Task / Social Leaders
Task centred leader
 Leader who focuses on setting goals,
getting the task done; meeting the
objectives; concentrate on performance
and productivity.
 Relationship centred leader
 Leader focuses on developing and
maintaining good interpersonal
relationships. Considerate and permissive.
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Styles of leadership
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Autocratic
Leader centred
Task orientated
Personal authority of the leader stressed
Effective with team sports/greater numbers.
Effective for quick decision making
Better with clear goals
Better in MOST and LEAST favourable situation
Democratic
Leader only makes decisions after
consulting group
 Performer centred
 Approach allows performer input into
decision making
 More likely successful in individual sports
 Better in moderately favourable conditions
 Better when no time pressure on decisions
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Laissez-faire
Leader leaves group to get on with it
 Do not interfere
 Makes no decisions
 Group determines work to be done and
pace of it.
 Leader acts as consultant
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