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Anaesthesia – Keywords
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Abdominal compartment syndrome: diagnosis
ABG: COPD
ABG: morbid obesity and vomiting
ABG: opioid effect
ABG: pregnancy
ABG: pulmonary embolism
ABG: respiratory acidosis/metabolic alkalosis
ABG: salicylate toxicity
ABG values: measured vs calculated
ACC/AHA guidelines for peri-operative CV evaluation
ACE inhibitors: mechanism of action
ACE Inhibitors: myocardial infarct survival
ACE inhibitors: side effects
ACE-I: contra-indication
Acetaminophen toxicity
Acetazolamide: lab findings
Acetazolamide: mechanism of action
Acetylcholine receptor: anatomy
Acetylcholine release: physiology
Acidosis: nonanion gap differential diagnosis
ACLS: ETT confirmation
ACLS in pregnancy
Action potential: ion channels
Acute mountain sickness: treatment
Acute septic shock
Acute tubular necrosis: diagnosis
Addiction: definition
Addiction: risk factors
Addison disease: blood chemistry
Addison’s disease: peri-operative treatment
Adrenal insufficiency: lab finding
Advanced multiple sclerosis: anaesthetic drugs
Aerobic vs anaerobic glycolysis
Age-related P50
Aging: cardiovascular physiology
Aging: CNS changes
Aging: pulmonary physiology
AICD malfunction: causes
AIMS: EMR
Air embolism: diagnosis
Air embolism: treatment
Air trapping: ventilator management
Airway assessment: co-existing disease
Airway fire
Airway fire: management
Airway: innervation
Airway: paediatric vs adult
Albumin: Na+ concentration
1 February 2016
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Albuterol vs ipratropium pharmacology
Alpha blockers: selectivity
ALS: anaesthetic concerns
Alveolar gas equation: altitude
Alveolar gas exchange
Ambulatory surgery: costs
Ambulatory surgery: discharge delays
Amiloride: electrolyte effects
Amiloride: physiological effects
Amiodarone: haemodynamic effect
Amiodarone: side effects
Amniotic fluid embolus: diagnosis
Anaphylaxis: diagnosis and treatment
Anaphylaxis: epinephrine treatment
Anaemia and coagulation
Anaemia compensation
Anaesthetic drugs and IOP
Anaesthetic management: asthma
Anaesthetic management: penetrating eye injury
Anaesthetic techniques: suspected MH
Anaesthesia for ECT: lidocaine effect
Anaesthesia techniques: 1st stage labour
Anaesthesia: uterine muscle tone
Anaesthesiologist drug abuse: fentanyl
Anaesthesiologists: substance abuse
Anaesthetic absorption: regional anesthetic techniques
Anaesthetic uptake: right-to-left shunt
Anaesthetic uptake: solubility co-efficient
Anion gap acidosis
Ankle block: anatomy
Ankylosing spondylitis: epidural risks
Anterior cerebral artery stroke effects
Anterior hypothalamus injury: surgery
Anterior mediastinal mass: effects
Antibiotic crossreactivity
Anticholinesterase poisoning: treatment
Anticholinesterases in CRF
Antiphospholipid synd: management in labour
Antiplatelet drugs: comparison
Antithrombotic drugs: duration
Antithrombotic drugs: pre-operative management
Aortic clamping: ischaemia mechanism
Aortic crossclamp: CV complications
Aortic insufficiency: haemodynamic treatment
Aortic insufficiency: medical management
Aortic stenosis: A fib therapy
Aortic stenosis: hypotension treatment
ARDS: ventilator management
ARDS: optimal tidal volume
ARDS: prone position mech.
Arginine vasopressin
1 February 2016
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Arterial waveform: peripheral vs central
AS and arrhythmias
ASA guidelines: sedation
ASA physical status
ASA PS class 2 vs 3
Ascending vent bellows advantages
Ascites: pulmonary effects
Ascites: PFTs
Aspiration management: LMA
Aspirin toxicity: treatment
Aspirin: platelet effect
ASRA guidelines: Epidural catheter removal
Asthma: postpartum haemorrhage treatment
Atelectasis during anaesthesia: etiology
Atlantoaxial instability: causes
Atrial flutter: pharmacological treatment
Automated drug delivery devices
Automated vs paper anaesthesia records
Autonomic dysreflexia: risk factors
Autonomic dysreflexia symptoms
Autonomic hyperreflexia
Autonomic hyperreflexia: risk factors
Autonomic hyperreflexia: signs
Autonomic innervation: upper extremity
Autonomic neurotransmitters
AV pacing: haemodynamic effect
AVM embolisation/management
Awake acute blood loss acid-base
Awareness: equipment issues
Axillary block: limitations
Axillary block: complications
Axillary block: median nerve rescue block
1 February 2016
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Beta-blockers: properties
Baclofen toxicity: treatment
Barb coma: EEG endpoint
Barbiturate enzyme induction
Becker’s muscular dystrophy: rhabdomyolisis
Benzocaine and methemoglobinaemia
Benzodiazepines: respiratory effects
Beta-thalassaemia: newborn
Bicarb admin: CO2 effect
Bilateral carotid endarterectomy: physiology
Biological warfare
Bivent pacing: indications
Blood brain barrier: fluid transfer
Blood gas co-efficient
Blood oxygen transport
Blood: crossmatch
Botox: pain relief mechanism
Bowel distention
Brachial artery catheter: chest X-ray
Bradycardia and heart transplant
Bradycardia during carotid surgery
Brain death pathophysiology
Brain stem surg manip: hypertension
Brain: ketone metabolism
Bronchial blocker: advantages
Bronchodilation: anaesthetic drugs
Bronchomotor tone: catecholamines
Bronchopleural fistula: ventilator management
Bronchospasm triggers: ETT
Bronchospasm: acute treatment
Bronchospasm: mechanical ventilation diagnosis
Bupivacaine toxicity therapy
Burn management: carbon monoxide toxicity
Burns: CO poisoning differential diagnosis
Burns: fluid management
Burst suppression
Butyrylcholinesterase: deficiency
Butyrylcholinesterase: substrates
1 February 2016
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C-section: morbidity
Calcium channel blocker: NM blockade
Calcium chelation: transfusion
Calcium: ECG changes
Calculation pulmonary vs systemic vascular resistance
Cancer pain: WHO ladder
Capnogram waveform: obstruction
Carbamazepine toxicity
Carbon monoxide poisoning: diagnosis
Carbon monoxide poisoning: treatment
Carcinoid crisis: treatment
Carcinoid syndrome
Cardiac anatomy: TEE
Cardiac arrest: induced hypothermia
Cardiac cycle: ECG
Cardiac evaluation: arterio-ventricular disease
Cardiac morbidity: pre-operative factors
Cardiac pacemaker indications
Cardiac PV loops
Cardiac surface anatomy
Cardiac tamponade: diagnosis
Cardiac tamponade: pulsus paradoxus
Cardiac tamponade: TEE diagnosis
Cardiac vascular anatomy: TEE
Cardiogenic shock: differential diagnosis
Cardiopulmonary bypass management
Carotid baroreflex during CEA
Carotid body: hypoxic drive
Carotid endarterectomy: CNS monitoring
Carotid endarterectomy: complications
Carotid sinus reflex: treatment
Carotid sinus stim: post heart transplant
Carotid stent: bradycardia cause
Carotid stent: bradycardia prevention
Carotid surgery: CNS monitoring
Categorical data: chi square test
Caudal anaesthesia
Caudal anaesthesia: infant dose
Caudal anaesthesia: anatomy
Caudal space anatomy
Causes of atrial fibrillation
Causes of upregulations of NAChR
Cbf/CMRO2 drug effects
CBF: factors influencing
CDH: ventilation strategy
Celiac plexus block: distribution
Celiac plexus block: complications
Celiac plexus block: indications
Celiac plexus block: side effects
Central line infections: prevention
1 February 2016
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Central sleep apnoea vs OSA
Central venous pressure wave forms
Cerebral aneurysm clipping: anaesthetic management
Cerebral aneurysm: electrolytes
Cerebral aneurysm: transmural pressure
Cerebral autoregulation
Cerebral blood flow: temperature effect
Cerebral ischaemia: deep hypothermia
Cerebral vasospasm: treatment
Cerebrovascular resistance: vasodilators
Cervical cerclage: anaesthetic management
Cervical fracture: intubation techniques
Chest wall compliance: calculation
CHF Frank Starling curve: milrinone effect
CHF Frank Starling curve: phenylephrine
CHF: Frank Starling curve
Chi-squared test: application
Chi-squared test: appropriate data
Child-Pugh score: factors
Child-Pugh scoring system
Chloroprocaine metabolism
Chloroprocaine placental transfer
Chronic opioids: side effects
Chronic pain: cancer: methadone
Chronic pain: cancer: opioids
Chronic pain: methadone vs morphine
Circulatory arrest: pH-stat implications
Cirrhosis: hepatic synthetic function
Cirrhosis: NMB kinetics
Clark electrode
Clinical trial: study power
Closed claims: brain damage
Clostridium tetani infection
CO diffus capacity: abnormal differential diagnosis
CO from CO2 absorber
CO poisoning
CO poisoning: clinical features
CO poisoning: diagnosis
CO toxicity: treatment
CO2 absorbers: volatile anaesthetic toxicity
CO2 dissociation curve
CO2 response curve
CO2 transport: bicarbonate
Coagulation factors in hepatic disease
Coagulation changes in pregnancy
Coma vs vegetative state: definition
Compartment syndrome: diagnosis
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Compensatory mechanism and anaemia
Complete heart block: treatment
Complication bronchial blocker
1 February 2016
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Concentration effect
Congenital emphysema: management
Congenital heart disease: prostaglandin treatment
Congenital heart disease: pulmonary hypertension treatment
Congenital long QT: management
Constrictive pericarditis: venous waveform
Context-sensitive half time
Contrast CT: renal function preservation
Coronary artery: anatomy
Coronary perfusion pressure
Coronary perfusion pressure: left vs right
Corticosteroid deficiency in ICU
Corticosteroids: effect on lab values
CPB antifibrinolytics
Craniotomy: positioning injury
Cricothyroid muscle innervation
CRPS II: treatment
CRPS type 1: symptoms
Cryoprecipitate: fibrinogen content
Crystalloid resuscitation: coagulopathy
Crystalloid vs colloid treatment
CV pharmacology: catecholamines
CV physiology: LV
CV physiology: mixed venous oxygen
CVP waveform: components
Cyanide toxicity: treatment
Cyanide toxicity: diagnosis
Cylinder content: weight vs pressure
1 February 2016
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Dalton’s Law: applied
Dantrolene mechanism
DDD pacemaker peri-operative management
Decreased CO diffusion: causes
Delayed emergence: differential diagnosis
Delayed transfusion reaction
Demyelinating diseases: PFTs
Denervated heart: exercise physiology
Desflurane vaporisation physics
Desmopressin for von Willebrand
Determinants of spinal level
Dexmedetomidine: haemodynamic effects
Diabetes insipidus: intracranial surgery
Diabetes insipidus: treatment
Diabetes: autonomic neurop signs
Diagnosis of croup
DIC: laboratory findings
Differential spinal block
Difficult airway algorithm
Difficult airway: C-section
Dilutional coagulopathy
Discogenic pain: symptoms
Diuretics: adverse effects
DKA treatment
DLT vs bronchial blocker
DM control: glycosylated Hgb
DNR and anaesthesia
Donor hepatectomy: INR elevation
Doppler shift and angle of incidence
Double lumen tube placement
Down’s Syndrome: anaesthetic implications
Down’s Syndrome: abnormalities
Doxorubicin: adverse effects
Doxorubicin: complications
Drowning: initial treatment
Duchenne’s: PFTs
Dural sac: anatomy
Dural sac: caudal extent
Diagnosis: pre-eclampsia
Diagnosis: uterine rupture
Diagnosis: myxoedema coma
1 February 2016
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E-cylinder PSI/vol relationship
Eaton-Lambert: mechanism
ECG: intraventricular conduct delay
ECG: loose lead effect
ECG leads: P-wave detection
ECT: anaesthetic agents and seizure duration
ECT: contra-indications
ECT: seizure duration
ECT: side effects
ECT and heart disease: anaesthetic considerations
EEG: high dose opiates
Effects of flumazenil
Effects of vasopressin vs epi
Electrolyte homeostasis: hormones
Elevated FRC: differential diagnosis
Elevated ICP: hyperventilation
Elevated INR: factor treatment
EMLA contra-indications
Endobronchial intubation
Enoxaparin: assessment of effect
Enteral nutrition vs TPN
Enteral nutrition: Complications
Epidural: clonidine vs morphine
Epidural anaesthetics: respiratory effects
Epidural anaesthesia: adjuvants
Epidural analgesia: complications
Epidural anatomy
Epidural clonidine: mechanism of action
Epidural local anesthetic: GI effect
Epidural local anaesthetic: oeristalsis effect
Epidural steroid indications: radiculopathy
Epidural test dose: surgery
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis: airway management
Epiglottitis: anaesthetic management
Epiglottitis: diagnosis
Epiglottitis: inhalation induction
Epileptic focus: suppression
Ethical principles: autonomy
Ethics: speaker disclosure
Etiol bronchoconstriction
ETOHism: electrolyte abnormalities
Etomidate: adrenal suppression
Evoked potentials: anaesthetic effects
Ex-premature: pulmonary chest X-ray
EXIT procedure: uterine atony
1 February 2016
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FA/FI volitile anaesthetics
Factor V Leiden: treatment
Factor VIII antibodies: treatment
Factor VIII concentrate: indications
Factors affecting anaesthetic depth
Factors affecting defibrillation
Factors affecting PvO2
Factors affecting SVO2
Factors affecting turbulent flow
Factors affecting vaporiser output
Factors causing prolonged neuromuscular blockade
Failed intubation: treatment
Fat embolism
Fat embolism: diagnosis
FB aspiration: physical exam
Febrile transfusion reaction
Febrile transfusion reaction mechanism
Federal regulation agencies: ors
Femoral nerve block anatomy
FENa in hypovolaemia
Fenoldopam: Renal effects
Fetal blood gas values
Fetal Hb: oxygen transport
Fetal HR pattern: maternal hypotension
Fetal HR pattern: normal labour
Fetal perfusion during surgery
FFP Indications
FFP: citrate toxicity diagnosis/treatment
FFP: warfarin reversal
FHT: variable decelerations
Fibromyalgia differential diagnosis
Flow volume loop: BP fistula
Flowmeter: gas properties
Fluids: traumatic brain injury
Fluid replacement in paediatrics
Fontan single ventricle phys
Foot surgery: regional anaesthesia
FRC: definition
FRC: diseases affecting
FRC: ventilatory setting effects
Furosemide: venodilation
FV loop: mediastinal mass
1 February 2016
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Gas laws: temperature/pressure changes
Gastric volume: PO liquid effect
Gastric volume: breast milk vs clear liquids
Gastroschisis: abdominal closure pulmonary effect
GCS: Indication for intubation
Geriatric anaesthesia: pulmonary changes
Geriatrics: autonomic function
Geriatrics: muscle relaxants
Geriatrics: NSAIDs use
Geriatrics: pulmonary changes
Glasgow coma scale: definition
Glycopyrrolate: adverse effects
Guillain-Barré: autonomic dysfunction
1 February 2016
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H2-blockers: onset time
Haemodialysis effects
Haemodialysis: lab effects
Haemodynamic effects of alpha blockers
Haemodynamics of laryngoscopy
Haemolysis: bilirubin levels
Haldane effect
HCTZ: mechanism of action
Head down position: hypoxaemia
Heart block: coronary occlusion
Heart transplant: autonomic effect
Heliox effects
Heliox: airway resistance
Helium advantages: small-bore tube
Hemi-arthroplasty: causes of decreasing BP
Heparin resistance: treatment
Hepatic bilirubin excretion
Hepatic blood flow: Factors affecting
Hepatic dysfunction
Hepatic protein synthesis
Hepatic synthetic capacity: diagnosis
Hepatic synthetic function: labs
Hepatitis B: needle stick diagnosis
Herbal medicines: anticoagulation effects
Herbal supplements
Herbals: garlic
Herpes and pregnancy
Herpes zoster: treatment
Hetastarch: platelet function
High A-a gradient: causes
High respiratory quotient: lipogenesis
Hip fracture: fat embolism management
HIPAA: privacy rule exclusions
HOCM: anaesthetic mgmt
HOCM: hypotension treatment
Hormonal stress response
Hydrochlorothiazide: blood chemistry effects
Hyperaldosteronism: drug treatment
Hyperbaric chamber: MAC effect
Hyperbaric N2O
Hyperbaric oxygen: indications
Hypercalcaemia: acute treatment
Hypercapnia: causes
Hypercarbia: alveolar gas equation
Hypercarbia: O2 release to tissues
Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis
Hyperglycaemia: complications
Hyperkalaemia: periodic paralysis triggers
Hyperkalaemia
Hyperkalaemia: treatment
1 February 2016
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Hypermagnesaemia: treatment
Hyperparathyroidism: signs
Hypertension: brainstem injury
Hypertension: brainstem surgery
Hyperthyroidism: diagnosis
Hyperthyroidism: signs
Hyperventilation: cerebral physiology
Hypocalcaemia: ECG effects
Hypocarbia: electrolyte effects
Hypoglycaemia: glucagon
Hypokalaemic periodic paral trigger
Hyponatraemia and CNS pathology
Hyponatraemia: evaluation
Hypoparathyroidism: treatment
Hypophosphataemia: muscle weakness
Hypoplastic left heart: physiology
Hypothermia with spinal: physiology
Hypothermia: prevention
Hypothermia: cold OR mechanism
Hypothermia: infant vs toddler
Hypothermia: pH stat management
Hypothermia: physiology effects
Hypoventilation in PACU
Hypovolaemia signs: paediatrics
Hypovolaemia: renin-angiotensin response
Hypoxaemia: closing capacity vs FRC
Hypoxaemia: ventilator management
Hypoxia during pneumonectomy: treatment
Hypoxia general anaesthesia: pregnancy
Hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation
1 February 2016
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IABP: contraindications
ICD: removal complications
ICP: tumour: corrected mechanism
ICU: enteral nutrition
Identification epileptic foci: drugs
IgA deficiency and transfusion
IHSS
IHSS: treatment
Ilio-inguinal anatomy
Ilio-inguinal block: complications
Impact of pH on O2 delivery to tissue
Impaired physician: manifestations
Implantable cardiac defibrillator: interventions
Incompetent expiratory valve: signs
Increased FRC: causes
Increased FRC: etiology
Increased ICP: treatment
Increased ICP: induction agents
Indications for hypertonic saline
Induced hypothermia
Infant pre-operative fasting: breast milk
Inhalational anaesthesia: ventilatory effects
Inhaled agents: uterine tone
Inhaled anesthetic: uptake
Inhaled anesthetics: vapour pressure
Inotropes: Alpha-1 activity
Insulin deficiency: phys effects
Interscalene block: side effects
Interscalene block: technique
Interscalene block: anatomy
Interscalene block: complications
Intestinal obstruction: N2O
Intra-art SBP amplification mechanism
Intracranial aneurysm: IV fluids
Intraoperative oliguria: hyperventilation
Intrapulmonary shunt and O2 therapy
Intravascular: extracellular volume ratio
Intubation in Pierre Robin syndrome
Ionising radiation: treatment
Isoflurane: CMRO2 effect
Isolation precautions
Isovolaemic haemodilution compensation
IV anaesthetics: pain on injection
IV regional: mechanism
IV solutions: osmolality
IV to po opioids: equivalency
1 February 2016
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Jet ventilation, gas exchange
Joint commission: anaesthesia standards
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Ketamine: analgesic mechanism
Ketamine: pheochromocytoma
Ketamine: receptor effects
Ketamine: side effects
Ketamine: systemic effects
Ketorolac: renal function
1 February 2016
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L-spine: radiologic anatomy
Lab assessment of renal function
Labour pain: regional blocks
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome: physiology
Laparoscopy: air vs N2O
Laparoscopy: elevated ETCO2 differential diagnosis
Laparoscopy complications
Laparoscopy: ETCO2
Laparoscopy: increased PaCO2
Laparoscopy: respiratory complications
Laryngeal innervation
Laryngoscopic view: grading
Laryngospasm: causes
Laryngospasm: mechanism
Laryngospasm: treatment options
Laser airway fire: management
Laser resistant ET
Laser-safe endotracheal tubes
Latex allergy treatment
Latex allergy: foods
Leukoreduction: viral transmission
Level of hypoxaemia: factors impacting
Line isolation monitor
Liposuction: lidocaine toxic dose
Lithium and muscle relaxants
Lithotomy position: nerve Injury
Liver transplant: function of allograft
Liver transplant: reperfusion effect
Liver transplantation: electrolyte disturbances
LMA: intubation guide
LMWH: assessment
LMWH: mechanism of action
Local anaesthetic: concentration calculation
Local anaesthetic: factors influencing onset
Local anaesthetic: methemoglobinaemia
Local anaesthetic: transient neurologic symptoms
Local anaesthetics: systemic toxicity
Logistic Regression: odds Ratio
Long QT syndrome: medications
Lorazepam: metabolism
Low back pain: etiologies
Low tidal volume ventilation: protective effect
Lower extremity nerves: sensory distribution
Lumbar nerve roots: innervation
Lumbar sympathetic block: indications
Lumbosacral radiculopathy: management
Lung function: metabolic
Lung isolation
Lung protection ventilation: pressure goal
Lung resection outcome: PFTs
1 February 2016
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Lungs: metabolic function
Lusitropy: PV loop
LV failure: diagnosis and treatment post-CPB
LV filling physiology
LV function in geriatric patients
LV pressure-volume relations: impact of preload
1 February 2016
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MAC: factors affecting
Magnesium: complications
Magnesium: hypotensive effect
Magnesium: side effects
Mainstem intubation: physiologic effects
Malignant hyperthermia: associated disorders
Malignant hyperthermia: peri-operative management
Malignant hyperthermia: signs
Management: acute heart failure
Management: lumbosacral radiculopathy
Mannitol osmolarity effects
Mannitol: haemodynamic effects
MAO inhibitor: meperidine toxicity
Mapleson D: rebreathing
Mask CPAP: physiological effects
Maternal mortality causes
Maternal physiology: blood volume
Maximum ABL calculation
Mechanical ventilation: renal effects
Mechanism of action: p450
Meconium aspiration
Meconium aspiration: treatment
Meconium: tracheal suctioning
Mediastinal mass: CXR
Mediastinal tumour: airway obstruction
Mediastinoscopy: vascular compression
Meningomyelocele: Arnold-Chiari assoc
Meperidine: renal failure
Metabolic alkalosis: respiratory compensation
Metabolism: meperidine
Metformin: complications
Metformin: peri-operative management
Metformin: contrast dye reaction
Methadone treatment management
Methadone: QT interval
Methemoglobinaemia
Methemoglobinaemia: diagnosis
Methemoglobinaemia: treatment
Metoclopramide: oesophageal sphincter tone
Metoclopramide: gastric effects
Metoclopramide: pharmacological effects
Meyer Overton correlation
Management of hypoxaemia during OLV
Management of difficult airway: obese patient
Management: WPW
MgSO4: cardiac effects
MH vs thyroid storm
Midazolam: bio-availability versus Route
Midazolam: paediatrics oral dosage
Milrinone: CV effects
1 February 2016
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Milrinone: pharmacology
Misfilled vaporiser: output calculation
Mitral insufficiency: medical management
Mitral insufficiency: pharmacological treatment
MOCA requirements
Moderate sedation: ASA guidelines
Monitored anaesthesia care: requirements
Monitoring: barbiturate coma
Monitoring for residual NMB
Morbid obesity and atelectasis
Morbid obesity: drug dosing
Morbid obesity: DVT
Morbid obesity: hypoxaemia physiology
Morbid obesity: PFTs
Morbid obesity: postoperative complications
Morbid obesity: rapid desaturation
Motor evoked potentials: anaesthetic effect
MRI: contra-indications
MRI: monitoring hazards
MRI: monitors artifacts
MRI: thermal burns
MRSA treatment
Multiple myeloma: symptoms
Multiple sclerosis: exacerbation
Multiple sclerosis: peri-operative management
Multiple sclerosis: risk of pulmonary complications
Muscle relaxation: anaesthetic agents
Muscle relaxants: benzodiazepine
Muscle relaxants: drug interactions
Muscle relaxation: mechanism
Myasthenia: muscle relaxant effects
Myasthenia: physiology
Myasthenia gravis: postoperative management
Myasthenia gravis: pre-operative risk evaluation
Myasthenic Syndrome vs myasthenia gravis: surgery
Myelomeningocele: associated anomalies
Myocardial ischaemia: intra-operative diagnosis/treatment
Myocardial ischaemia: acute MR
Myocardial ischaemia: Beta-blockers
Myocardial O2 consumption: determinants
Myocyte repolarisation: ionic flow
Myofascial pain: diagnosis
Myofascial pain syndrome: diagnosis
Myotonic dystrophy: aspiration risk
Myotonic dystrophy: intra-operative management
Myotonic dystrophy: pre-operative evaluation
1 February 2016
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N2O & intraocular gas
Nalbuphine: plateau effect mechanisms
Nasal fibre-optic intubation
National Practitioner Database
Nd: YAG laser characteristics
Neck anatomy: 2D ultrasound
Needle stick injury management
Negative pressure pulmonary oedema: physiology
Neonatal apnoea: hypoxaemia physiology
Neonatal bradycardia: treatment
Neonatal hypoxia: physiology
Neonatal nasal CPAP: mechanism
Neonatal resuscitation and meconium
Neonatal resuscitation: medication
Neonatal vs adult cardiac physiology
Neonate: duration of post-anaesthesia monitoring
Neostigmine: max dose rationale
Neostigmine: muscarinic effects
Nerve action potential termination mechanism
Nerve block landmarks
Nerve block: stimulation current vs distance
Neuraxial anaesthesia: cardiovascular effects
Neuraxial opioids: action site
Neuraxial opioids: tolerance
Neuromuscular block: vecuronium
Neuromuscular blocking agents in CRF
Neuromuscular disease: suxamethonium hyperkalaemia
Neuromuscular diseases: muscle pain
Neuropathic pain: pathophysiology
Neuropathic pain: treatment
Neutral thermal environment: advantages
Newborns: dehydration assessment
Nitric oxide: toxicity
Nitroglycerin: uterine relaxation
Nitroprusside toxicity: blood chemistry
Nitroprusside toxicity: treatment
Nitrous oxide: bowel distention
Nitrous oxide: CBF and CMRO2
Nitrous oxide: closed spaces
NM transmission: ions
NMB & hyperparathyroidism
NMB: drug interactions
NMB: rhabdomyolysis
NMB reversal: assessment
NMB: site of action
NMB: volatile agent interaction
NMBs: ED95 definition
NMBs in CRF
NMB in Eaton-Lambert syndrome
NMJ: anticholinesterase function
1 February 2016
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NMJ AChR upregulation causes
NO haemodynamic effect
Norepinephrine: CV effects
Nosocomial infections: treatment
NPO guidelines
NPO recommendation: infants
1 February 2016
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O2 del to tissues: factors impacting
O2 delivery to fetus in labour
O2 delivery vs PaO2
O2 delivery vs PaO2 (21%)
O2 desaturation causes: neonate
O2 diffusion during exercise
O2 E cylinder
O2 release
O2 transport: quantitative aspects
Obesity: airway evaluation
Obesity: suxamethonium dosing
Obstructive sleep apnoea: diagnosis
Oculocardiac reflex: afferent path
Odds ratio calculation
Oesophageal sphincter tone: anaesthetic drugs
Office-based anaesthesia: guidelines
Old MI: pre-operative risk assessment
Oliguria: diagnosis
OLT: hypocalcaemia mechanism
Ondansetron: side effect
One lung ventilation: O2 desaturation treatment
One lung ventilation: indications
Opioid conversion: IV and IT
Opioid metabolism
Opioid neurotoxicity: treatment
Opioid reversal
Opioid tolerance: symptoms
Opioid: prodrug
Opioids and aging
Opioids: renal failure
OR costs: labour vs materials
Oral clonidine
Organ donation: process
Organ donor and lungs: Management
Organ donor: bradycardia treatment
Organ donor: treatment of DI
Organophosphate poisoning: diagnosis and treatment
Osteomyelitis: diagnosis
Outpatient surgery contraindications
Oxygen delivery index determinants
Oxygen delivery: factors impacting
Oxygen delivery: pipeline vs cylinder
Oxygen regulator: characteristics
Oxygen saturation: PaO2
Oxygenation during one-lung ventilation
Oxytocic drugs: indications
Oxytocin: electrolyte effects
1 February 2016
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P50 of hemoglobin: factors influencing
Pacemaker and electrocautery
Pacemaker designation
Pacer lead placement: ECG morphology
PACU bypass: rationale
PACU bypass: Stage I bypass criteria
Pain management: rib fracture
Pain terms
Paired vs unpaired t-test
PaO2: temperature correction
Paraplegia: autonomic hyperreflexia
Parasympathetic: cardiac innervation
Parasympathetic nervous system: ganglia
Parathyroidectomy: Cx
Parenteral nutrition: indications
Parental presence: indications
Parental presence: induction
Patent ductus arteriosis: diagnosis
PCA basal infusion and paediatric patients
PCA clinical advantages
PCEA labour analgesia
PDA repair: recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
PDPH: prevention
Peak vs plateau airway pressure
Pediatric circuit: dead space
Paediatric circuit: work of breathing
Paediatrics: airway management
Paediatrics: foreign body aspiration
Paediatrics: postoperative regional analgesia
Paediatrics: pre-operative anxiety
Paediatrics: sleep apnoea risk factors
Paediatrics: warming techniques
PEEP to treat hypoxia
PEEP: effect on PAOP
PEEP: lung volume effect
PEEP: LV effects
Pericardial effusion
Periodic paralyses: hyperglycaemia
Peri-operative anaphylaxis etiology
Peri-operative antihypertensive drug management
Peri-operative beta-blockade: risks
Peri-operative insulin: effects
Peri-operative DNR
Peri-operative renal failure: predictor
Peri-operative risk of MI
Peripartum changes in CO
Peripheral compartment syndrome: diagnosis
Peripheral nerves: anatomy
Peripheral nerves: sensory vs motor
Peripheral oxygen delivery
1 February 2016
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Peripheral TPN complications
Persistent fetal circulation: causes
PFTs: DLCO
PH buffering: bicarbonate
Phantom limb pain treatment
Pharmacodynamics of vecuronium in infants
Pharmacokinetics: genetic variability
Pharmacology in the elderly
Pharyngeal reflex: innervation
Phase II depolarising blockade
Phases of labour
Phenytoin: ion channels
Phenytoin: neuromuscular block effect
Pheochromocytoma: hypertension treatment
Pheochromocytoma: diagnosis markers
Pheochromocytoma: pre-operative preparation
Pheochromocytoma: treatment of HTN
Phrenic nerve stimulation: side effects
Physician impairment: referral
Pin index safety system
Pituitary adenoma: deficiencies
Placenta accreta: risk factors
Placental ion exchange
Placental transfer: anaesthetic drugs
Placental transfer: anticholinergic
Placental transfer: local anaesthetics
PLT inhibitor drugs: tirofiban mech
Pneumoperitoneum: physiological effects
POCD: predictors
Poiseuille’s law: IV fluids
Polymorphic VT: treatment
PONV: after paediatric surgery
PONV: paediatric patients vs adults
PONV: prevention in children
PONV: prophylaxis
PONV: risk factors
PONV: treatment
Porphyria: anaesthetic risks
Positive type and screen treatment
Post CPB management: SVR
Post herpetic neuralgia: prevention
Post spinal back ache
Postcardiac transplant patient
Post-CPB creatinine increase: differential diagnosis
Postdural puncture headache: risk factors
Postherpetic neuralgia: treatment
Postherpetic neuralgia: risk factors
Postobstructive pulmonary oedema
Postoperative apnoea: post conceptual age
Postoperative ATN: differential diagnosis
Postoperative blindness: aetiology
1 February 2016
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Postoperative blindness: diagnosis
Postoperative cardiac event: risk factors
Postoperative diabetes insipidus: treatment
Postoperative hepatic dysfunction: risk factors
Postoperative hypotension: pulmonary embolism
Postoperative jaundice: differential diagnosis
Postoperative nausea: treatment
Postoperative neuropathy: lateral position
Postoperative oliguria: endocrine causes
Postoperative oliguria: cause
Postoperative SIRS/sepsis: diagnosis
Postoperative uterine atony: causes
Postoperative ventilation
Post-tonsillectomy complications
Power analysis for sample size
Power analysis: study design
Practice standards: definition
Pre-term labor: treatment
Predictor difficult intubation
Pre-eclampsia: complications
Pre-eclampsia: lab abnormalities
Pre-eclampsia: placental effects
Pregnancy: IC
Pregnancy: haemostasis
Pregnancy: aspiration risk vs time
Pregnancy: asthma
Pregnancy: asthma + uterine atony
Pregnancy: gastric function
Pregnancy: GE reflux mechanism
Pregnancy: haematological changes
Pregnancy: haemodynamic effects
Pregnancy: heme and electrolyte changes
Pregnancy: inhalation induction
Pregnancy: laboratory measurements
Pregnancy: lung volumes
Pregnancy: plasma proteins
Pregnancy: SVT therapy
Premedication: side effects
Pre-operative anxiolysis in children
Pre-operative ECG: indications
Pre-operative evaluation: American College of Cardiology Guidelines
Pre-operative renal failure: predictors
Pre-operative testing: Bayes theorem
Pre-optic anterior hypothalamus: diagnosis
Prerenal oliguria: diagnosis
Prerenal oliguria: diagnosis/treatment
Pressure support ventilation
Pressure vs volume ventilation: ICU
Preterm labour and surgery
Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia
Primary pulmonary HTN and pregnancy
1 February 2016
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Prolonged NMB risk factors
Propofol infusion syndrome: diagnosis
Propofol: mechanism of action
Propofol: administration guidelines
Prostaglandin for congenital heart: diagnosis
Protamine reaction: prevention
Protein synthesis: stress induced
Pseudocholinesterase synthesis
Pseudotumour cerebri: LP effect
Pulmonary diffusing capacity
Pulmonary aspiration treatment
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis
Pulmonary embolism: diagnostic tests
Pulmonary embolism: pathophysiology
Pulmonary function: ALS
Pulmonary hypertension: diagnosis
Pulmonary vs SVR: calculation
Pulseless Vtach: treatment
Pyloric stenosis: electrolytes
Pyloric stenosis: fluid therapy
Pyloric stenosis: metabolic abnormality
1 February 2016
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QT prolongation with anti-emetics
Quality measures: patient care
1 February 2016
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R vs L IJ cath complications
Radiation exposure vs distance
Radiculopathy: steroid epidural
Recovery of neuromuscular function in different muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Reflex bronchoconstriction: neurons
Refractory haemophilia
Refusal of blood transfusion
Regional anaesthesia: mechanism of injury
Regional anaesthetics: low molecular weight heparin
Renal blood flow: receptor type
Renal failure: CPB surgery
Renal failure: electrolytes
Renal failure: peri-operative preservation
Renal failure: platelet function
Renal insufficiency: diagnosis
Renal insufficiency: hyperkalaemia
Renal replacement treatment: patient selection
Renal transplant: ATN prevention
Renal transplant: mannitol
Renin-angiotensin CV physiology
Respiratory alkalosis: renal compensation
Respiratory distress syndrome: effects (paediatrics)
Respiratory function: dead space
Respiratory quotient: energy sources
Restrictive lung disease: diagnosis
Retrobulbar block: haemodynamic effect
Retrobulbar vs peribulbar block
Rheumatoid arthritis: complications
Ritodrine: effects
Robotic prostatectomy: contra-indications
Root cause analysis: essential elements
Ruptured diaphragm: diagnosis
Ruptured diaphragm: treatment
1 February 2016
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Saline: hyperchloraemic acidosis
Saphenous nerve block
Saphenous nerve damage: signs
SBE prophylaxis
SBE prophylaxis: indications
Sciatic nerve block: anatomy
Sciatic nerve block: contra-indication
SE vs SD calculation
Second gas effect
Seizure disorders
Selective digestive decontamination
Sensitivity and specificity
Sentinel event: definition
Sepsis: vasopressin
Septic shock: fluid resuscitation
Septic shock: hypotension treatment
Septic shock: stress response mediators
Septic shock: treatment
Septic shock: vasopressin therapy
Sevoflurane uptake: infant vs adult
Shock: pulmonary embolism
Shock states: differential diagnosis
Shunt: effect of increased FiO2
SIADH: electrolytes
SID: hyperchloraemic acidosis
Side effects of etomidate
Side effects of tocolytics
Significance of U/S probe frequency
Sildenafil: drug interactions
Sinus surgery: spheno ganglion
Sinus tachycardia: management
Sites of NO production
Sitting position: BP measurement
Smoking cessation: acute effects
Smoking cessation: acute physiology
Smoking cessation: P50 effect
Soda lime exhaustion: management
Somatic pain vs visceral pain
Spinal anatomy: anterior spinal artery syndrome
Spinal anaesthesia anatomy: paramedian
Spinal anesthaesia: complications
Spinal anaesthesia: premie indications
Spinal anesthesia complications: MRI indications
Spinal anaesthesia spread: factors
Spinal anaesthetics: anatomy
Spinal anaesthetics: neonatal indications
Spinal anaesthetics: severe bradycardia
Spinal anaesthetics: transient neurological symptoms
Spinal block: infant vs adult
Spinal cord: anatomy
1 February 2016
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Spinal cord: blood flow
Spinal cord: stimulation indications
Spinal cord stimulator: reprogramming
Spinal hypotension: treatment
Spinal microcatheters
Spinal stenosis: diagnosis
Spine osteomyelitis: diagnosis
Spironolactone: side effects
SpO2: effect of methemoglobin
SpO2: carbon monoxide
Spread of epidural anaesthesia
SSEP latency: anaesthetic drugs
SSEP monitoring: anaesthetic effects
SSEP: physiological effects
Standard deviation: definition
Statins in sepsis
Statistical analysis: power
Statistical tests: sensitivity
Statistics: ANOVA indications
Statistics: median
Statistics: test of proportions
Stellate ganglion block: anatomy
Stellate ganglion block: effects
Steroid prophylaxis: indications
Stress response: metabolic effect
Stress response: lipolysis
Stroke volume: atrial fibrillation effects
Strong ion difference: etiology
Study design: blinding
Sub-ambient pressure alarm
Subarachnoid bleed: ECG effects
Subarachnoid haemorrhage: nimodipine
Subarachnoid haemorrhage: complications
Subdural injection: symptoms
Subglottic drainage ETT: indication
Suxamethonium: contra-indications
Suxamethonium: lower oesophageal sphincter pressure
Suxamethonium: normal K increase
Suxamethonium: side effects
Suxamethonium and bradycardia
Suxamethonium in Guillain Barre Syndrome
Suxamethonium in neuromuscular disease
Superior laryngeal nerve anatomy
Surgery risk during pregnancy
Surgical stimulation: effect on MAC
SvO2 physiology
Sweat glands: innervation
Symptomatic bradycardia: treatment
Synchronised electrical cardioversion
Systolic vs diastolic heart failure: diagnosis
1 February 2016
1 February 2016
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Tachydysrhythmias: treatment
TAP block: anatomy
TAVI: complications
TCD: utility in CEA
TE fistula: ETT positioning
TEE: aortic valve
TEE: contraindications
TEE: diagnosis: hypotension
TEE: tamponade vs hypovolemia
TEE: ventricular wall anatomy
TEE views: perfusion distribution
TEE views: perfusion distribution (22%)
TEF: other abnormalities
TEG: decreased MA diagnosis/treatment
TENS: indications
Tension pneumothorax: diagnosis and treatment
Tet spell: pharmacological treatment
Tetanus: pathophysiology
Tetralogy of Fallot treatment
Tetralogy of Fallot: decreased SpO2
Thiopental termination of action
Thiopental therapeutic coma
Thiopental: CMRO2/CBF relationship
Thoracoscopy: hypoxaemia treatment
Thyroid surgery and hypocalcaemia
Thyroid surgery: RLN monitoring
Thyroidectomy: complications
Thyrotoxicosis: treatment
Time constant definition
Time units definition
Torsade de Pointes: treatment
Total knee replacement: regional anaesthesia techniques
Tourniquet deflation
TPN: discontinuation complications
TPN: metabolic effects
TPN: phosphorous deficiency
TPN: respiratory quotient
Trachoesophageal fistula: associated anomaly
TRALI: findings on CXR
TRALI: leukopaenia
TRALI: presentation
TRALI: treatment
Tramadol: pharmacology
Transcutaneous pacing
Transcutaneous pacing modes
Transdermal fentanyl indications
Transducer
Transfusion mortality: causes
Transfusion reaction: management
Transfusion reaction: lab findings
1 February 2016
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Transfusion: leukoreduction
Transfusion: bacterial sepsis
Transphenoidal surgery: DI treatment
Traumatic brain injury: management
Traumatic brain injury: CPP
Treatment: intracranial hypertension in CHF
Treatment: peri-operative SVT
Treatment: antithrombin 3 deficiency
Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia: treatment
Trigger point injections: indications
Tumescent anesthesia Cx
Tumescent liposuction: complications
Tumescent liposuction: lidocaine dose
TURP solutions: neurological complications
TURP syndrome: treatment
TURP: benefit of spinal
TURP: irrigating fluid complications
Treatment hypertension: Parkinson’s
Type and screen
Type I statistical error: definition
1 February 2016
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Ultrasonography: internal jugular
Ultrasound anatomy: supraclavicular block
Ultrasound structures: echogenicity
Ultrasound: acoustic impedance
Uncuffed ETT: max leak pressure
Unilateral blindness: aetiology
Upper airway anatomy
Upper extremity nerve blocks: indications
Upper extremity: regional management
Upper extremity: tourniquet pain prevention
Uptake and distribution: infant vs adult
Uptake and distribution: pregnancy
Uptake of inhaled anesthetics: V/Q mismatch
Uterine atony
Uterine blood flow determinants
Uterine relaxation techniques
Uterine tone and anaesthetics
1 February 2016
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V/Q mismatch: emphysema
Vapour pressure
Vaporiser output at altitude
Vaporiser output calculation
Vasodilator: pharmacodynamics
Vasodilator: pharmacokinetics
Vasodilators: renal blood flow
Vasopressin: pharmacology
Vasopressin treatment: diabetes insipidus
Vasopressors: risk of myocardial ischemia
VE/PaCO2 relationship: hypoxia
Vecuronium: PD in geriatric patients
Venous air embolism
Ventilation modes: pressure waveform
Ventilator: low tidal volume
Ventilator associated pneumonia management
Ventilator disconnect: detection
Ventilator settings: atelectasis
Ventilatory response at altitude
Ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular PV loops
Verapamil dantrolene interaction
VF: epinephrine mechanism
Volume controlled ventilation
Von Willebrand disease: treatment
VQ mismatch: causes
1 February 2016
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Wall oxygen failure: signs
WHO analgesic ladder
Work of breathing: neonate vs adult
1 February 2016
X
1 February 2016
Y
1 February 2016
Z
1 February 2016