Download Animal and Plant Cells

Life-Sustaining Processes
Chapter 3
The Cell
• All living organisms are composed of cells
• The cell is the smallest living unit that exists
Each cell has
a role. Cells
do not all
have the
same shape,
size, or
function.
The Cell
Each cell must accomplish certain tasks to stay alive:
• Breathe
• Nourish itself
• Repair itself
• Reproduce
• Eliminate waste
The cell has internal structures called ORGANELLES which accomplish
these tasks.
Animal Cell
Animal Cell
Animal Cell
ORGANELLE
ROLES
1. CELL MEMBRANE
Surrounds and protects the contents of the cell. Its structure
helps how substances enter and exit the cell.
Like our skin
2. CYTOPLASM
Found in-between organelles. It has a gelatinous texture and
is always in motion.
Like our blood
3. NUCLEUS
Directs the cells activities. It contains chromosomes –
structures made of genes that enable the cell to grow and
reproduce.
Like our brain
4. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Controls the entry and exit of substances in the nucleus.
Like our skull
5. VACUOLES
Are located in the cytoplasm. They are balloon-like spaces in
the cytoplasm that store nutrients and other substances
that the cell does not use immediately. Also stores waste.
Like fat
6. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A folded membrane that forms a network of canals.
Substances travel down these canals to different parts of the
cell, or to leave the cell.
Like our veins
and arteries
7. MITCOCHONDRIA
Like eating food
for energy
Absorb nutritive elements to produce energy needed for the
cell’s activities. Important for cellular respiration.
How does an animal cell get energy?
Cellular Respiration
• Animal cells use carbohydrates (sugar) as an energy source to perform their
activities
• The cells release energy contained in carbohydrates with the help of oxygen
• This reaction produces carbon dioxide and water
CARBOHYDRATES + OXYGEN  CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER, ENERGY
Cellular Respiration
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
Carbohydrates
(sugar)
MITOCHONDRIA
Chemical reaction occurring
in the animal cell
Energy
Plant Cell
Plant Cell
Plant Cell
ORGANELLE
ROLES
1. CELL WALL
This is thicker, more rigid than wall than cell membrane.
Made of cellulose. Serves as support for the cell. Formed on
the exterior of the cell membrane.
2. CHLOROPLASTS
Photosynthesis takes place in these structures. Contains a
green pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs the energy
from the sun.
3. CYTOPLASM
Found in-between organelles. It has a gelatinous texture and
is always in motion.
4. NUCLEUS
Directs the cells activities. It contains chromosomes –
structures made of genes that enable the cell to grow and
reproduce.
5. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Controls the entry and exit of substances in the nucleus.
6. VACUOLES
Are located in the cytoplasm. They are balloon-like spaces in
the cytoplasm that store nutrients and other substances
that the cell does not use immediately. Also stores waste.
7. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A folded membrane that forms a network of canals.
Substances travel down these canals to different parts of the
cell, or to leave the cell.
8. MITCOCHONDRIA
Absorb nutritive elements to produce energy needed for the
cell’s activities. Important for cellular respiration.
How does a plant cell get energy?
Photosynthesis
• Plants use sunlight as a source of energy
• When sunlight is present (daytime), they make sugars called carbohydrates
from water and carbon dioxide
CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + SOLAR ENERGY  OXYGEN + CARBOHYDRATES
• The water comes from the roots, which draw it from the soil
• The leaves absorb carbon dioxide present in the air
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
Carbon
Dioxide
Oxygen
Water
Solar
Energy
Carbohydrates
(sugar)
CHLOROPLASTS
Chemical reaction occurring
in the plant cell
• Cells that have a nucleus are called EUKARYOTIC CELLS
• Cells that no have a nucleus are called PROKAYOTIC CELLS
Next Class…
• Eukaryopolis Activity
• Finish Worksheet
• Finish Posters
HOMEWORK
• Watch video
• Answer questions