Download Weather - wikifuller

Weather
4 days of Notes
Topic: Water Properties
Objectives: Day 1 of 4
• I will know what weather is
• I will understand humidity
• I will know the difference between
evaporation and condensation
• I will understand the water cycle
Quickwrite
Answer one of the following questions in 2-3
sentences:
• Have you ever visited someplace tropical
like Texas, Florida or Hawaii? What did the
air feel like?
• Why do you think water droplets form on
the outside of a cold beverage?
Weather vs. Climate
• Weather changes from day to
day
• One day it may be hot and dry,
the next day cold, wet, and
stormy
• Climate is the average
weather for a particular region
over a long period of time
• As the saying goes, “Climate is
what you expect and weather is
what you get”
What is Weather?
• The state of our atmosphere on a ___to day
basis, with respect to _______and
precipitation
Answer Bank
temperature
day
Liquid
Absorbed
Phase
released
Humidity
• If you remember,
air is made up of
78% Nitrogen &
21% Oxygen
= Nitrogen
= Oxygen
• Air also contains
a small amount
of water vapor
= Water Vapor
(gas)
Humidity
• Now lets imagine
we are some
place tropical
like Hawaii
• Here the air is
more humid
• In other words
there are more
water molecules
in the air!
• We say the air is
more humid!!!!
Humidity
• Humidity is a
measure of the
amount of water
vapor in the air
• Warmer air can
hold more
moisture or
water vapor
What is Humidity?
•A measure of the amount
of _____in the air
•Warmer air can hold
more water vapor
Critical thinking:
When was the
last time
Answer
you were
Bank
decrease
Someplace
humid?
surface
altitude
droplets
Water vapor
rises
condensation
Evaporation
• Water exists in our
atmosphere in a solid,
liquid and gas form
• In order for a liquid
like water to become a
gas, energy must be
absorbed!
• If enough energy is
absorbed, the
molecules can escape,
and enter the gas
phase
Gas
Gas
Evaporation
Liquid
Liquid
(energy absorbed)
(energy absorbed)
Condensation
• Think of Condensation as
evaporation in reverse
• If warm humid air comes in
contact with a cold glass,
water droplets form
• In other words, water has
been converted from a gas
(in the air) to liquid (on the
glass)
• Clouds form the same way
Condesation
• If water vapor in
the air cools, it will
turn back into a
liquid forming
cloud droplets
• So, Condensation
is the process by
which water vapor
in the air is
changed into liquid
water
Liquid
(heat released)
Condensation
Gas
(water vapor)
What is Evaporation and
Condensation?
• Evaporation is a cooling process by
which water is converted from a
liquid into a ____ (water vapor)
• Energy is ____
• Condensation is the process by
which water vapor in the air is
changed back into _____water
• Energy is released
Answer Bank
Evaporation
gas
Continuous
Liquid
Absorbed
Phase
The Water Cycle
As
the
Clouds
rise
As
water
vapor
Water
is
now
Evaporation
higher,
they cool,
rises
Theit ocean
cools,
stored
in
theon land
Stored
water
Causes
water
dropping
and
condenses,
absorbs
flows
back to the
atmosphere
molecules
Precipitation
ocean
through
rivers
turning
radiation
back
(heat)
into
(snow,
hail,
rise
or to
groundwater
A liquid,
from
the
forming
sunrain)
clouds
What is the Water Cycle?
• The _______movement of water on, above, and
below the surface of the Earth through evaporation
and condensation
Answer Bank
Evaporation
gas
Continuous
Liquid
Absorbed
phase
Summarize:
• _______ is when water is converted
from a liquid into a gas
• As humid air rises, it cools and
_____ forming clouds
• Clouds and fog are made of water
droplets that form as a result of
______
• If you live in Hawaii, the air is more
_______ because there is more
_____ ____in the air
Answer Bank
Humid
condenses
Water cycle
Weather
Condensation
Water vapor
Topic: Dew Point and Clouds
• Objectives: day 2 of 3
– I will know what the dew point is
– I will know what a cloud is and how we
classify them
– I will know how condensation Nuclei
provide the seed for water droplets to
form
Quickwrite
Answer one of the following questions in 2-3
sentences:
• What kinds of shapes do clouds have?
• Why do we always get fog in the morning?
• What do you think clouds are made of?
Dew Point
• Remember, humidity is the
amount of water vapor in
the air
• When warm, saturated,
humid air comes in contact
with cooler surfaces, dew
forms as a result of
condensation
• Features such as grass,
leaves, and spider webs
often contain dew
• At night, the
temperature drops
• Sometimes the
temperature will fall
below the dew point
temperature
• If this happens, you
might wake up to
dew on your grass or
fog
At the dew point temperature
Fog, clouds or dew form
What is the Dew Point?
• The temperature air needs to cool for _______to begin
• If the temperature is _____then Dew Pt., then clouds,
fog or Dew will form
Answer Bank
decrease
surface
altitude
droplets
Water vapor
rises
Condensation
below
Clouds
• Clouds are small
collections of small
water droplets or ice
crystals that form
through condensation
or freezing
• Clouds can form either
high in our
atmosphere or near
the surface
Cloud Droplet
• Compared to rain
droplet, cloud
droplets are small
• Millions upon
millions of cloud
droplets make up
one cloud
Cloud
Droplet
Rain
Droplet
What is a Cloud?
• A collection of small water
_____ or ice crystals
suspended in the air,
• They form from
______when the
temperature is below
the_______
Answer Bank
Dew point
surface
altitude
droplets
Water vapor
rises
Condensation
below
Cloud Classification
• Clouds are
classified by
their shape and
altitude
• The 3 basic
cloud types are:
stratus,
cumulus, and
cirrus
Cirrus
Cumulus
Stratus
Stratus Clouds
• Clouds with flat
bottoms that are found
close to the surface
• “Stratus” means sheet
like or layered
• Right above fog are
stratus clouds
Stratus
Cumulus Clouds
• Cumulus clouds
resemble big fluffy
cotton balls
• They have a flat base
that show a well-defined
condensation level
Cumulus
Cirrus Clouds
• Cirrus clouds have feathery
appearance and are
composed of ice crystals
• They form at high
elevations
• Cirrus clouds are seen
during sunny skies and are
a sign that bad weather is
on it’s way
Cirrus
What are the 3 types of clouds?
• Stratus- low _____
clouds, with layered,
sheet like shape
• Cumulus-middle
altitude clouds, with
flat, _____shape
• Cirrus- ____altitude
clouds made of ____
crystals, giving them
a feather like shape
Answer Bank
wedging
Ice
combination
Altitude
high
convergence
fluffy
lifting
Stratus
Cirrus
Cumulus
Condensation Nuclei
• Our atmosphere contains
billions of particles of dust,
pollen, ice, salt and other
materials
• These condensation nuclei
float through our air and
provide the seed needed for
water vapor to condense and
make water droplets
• Water molecules are
attracted to these
condensation Nuclei
• It takes thousands of these
tiny water droplets to make
one rain droplet
Water Molecules Are
Droplets of
Condensation
attracted
to these
Water
form
Condensation
nuclei
Nuclei
Condensation
Nuclei
Condensation
Nuclei
• Condensation Nuclei
are small particles of
dust, pollen or salt
• Water is attracted to
these particles
• These particles provide
the seed need to make
cloud droplets and
eventually rain
Cloud
Droplet
Rain
Droplet
What are Condensation Nuclei?
• Small solid particle (dust, pollen,
salt) in the atmosphere that
provides the _____on which water
vapor condenses
Answer Bank
decrease
surface
altitude
droplets
Water vapor
rises
Condensation
below
Summarize
????
• Draw and label the 3 types of
clouds:
• If the outside air
temperature is ______ the
dew point temperature,
______, or fog will form
• ______ ______ are small
particles in the atmosphere
that provide the surface for
water vapor to condense
Answer Bank
Dew
below
Water vapor
Cumulus
Cirrus
Stratus
Condensation Nuclei
????
????
Topic: Cloud Formation
• Objectives:
– I will know the 4 ways clouds can form
– I will understand coalescence and the 4
kinds of precipitation
– I will know the different severe low
pressure systems and their charateristics
Quickwrite
Answer one of the following questions in 2-3
sentences:
• How do you think rain drops form in clouds?
• Why do mountains receive more rain and
snow?
Cloud Formation
• When air rises it cools, condenses and
reaches the DEW POINT temperature
• Whenever humid air rises, clouds form
Convective Lifting
Dew Point
Temperature
Temperature air
needs to cool In
order for clouds,
fog & dew to form
As air rises it cools!!!!!
Orographic Lifting
Dew Point
Temperature
Mountains force air to rise, as
it rises it cools and condenses!!!!!
Covergence
Dew Point
Temperature
Temperature air
needs to cool In
order for clouds,
fog & dew to form
As air rises it cools and condenses!!!!!
Frontal Wedging
Dew Point
Temperature
Temperature air
needs to cool In
order for clouds,
fog & dew to form
Warm Light Air
Cold Heavy Air
As air rises it cools and condenses!!!!!
What caused this band of clouds to
form over the equator?
Frontal Wedging
• Cold air lifting warm
air, resulting in clouds
How did this
2 ways
cloud
form?
Convergence -2
air masses
coming together
Orographic Lifting - mountains lifting air
What are the 4 ways clouds can
form?
• When air rises it cools, condenses forming
water droplets or clouds
Answer Bank
• 4 ways air rises:
wedging
- Orographic
lifting -mountains lift air
- Frontal_____- warm air is lifted above colder air
-____________- air converges and is forced upward
- Convective______- hot air rises over hot land
combination
Altitude
high
convergence
fluffy
lifting
Precipitation
• Any moisture that
falls from the air to
Earth’s surface is
called Precipitation
• The 4 major types of
precipitation are rain,
snow, sleet, hail
What is Precipitation?
• Any _______ that falls from the air to Earth’s
surface is called Precipitation
• 4 types exist: ______,
snow, sleet, hail
Answer Bank
wedging
rain
Altitude
moisture
convergence
fluffy
Coalescence
• Ever wonder how rain drops
form?
• They form through a process
call coalescence
• A rain drop is the
combination of smaller
cloud droplets coming
together to form a large rain
droplet
• As larger droplets grow, they
fall picking up even more
small droplets in the
process
Coalescence
• How do we go
from a small
cloud droplet, to
a typical, large
raindrop
Coalescence
Rain
Droplet
Cloud Droplets
Gravity pulls the heavy
Large raindrop down
What is Coalescence?
• The formation of a large rain
droplet by the ______ of
smaller droplets
Answer Bank
wedging
Ice
combination
Altitude
high
convergence
fluffy
lifting
Severe Weather
• Severe weather is any
weather that may cause
property damage or loss
of life
• Severe weather may
include large quantities of
rain, lightning or hail,
strong winds, or tornadoes
• Severe weather causes
billions of dollars in
damage each year
Thunderstorms
• A thunderstorm is
accompanied by rain,
thunder, lightning, and
strong winds
• A thunderstorm is an
extreme low pressure
system
Tornadoes
• A tornado is the most
violent, and shortest
lived severe storm or
low pressure system
• It is basically a
destructive rotating
column of air that has
very high winds
producing a funnel
shaped cloud
Tornadoes
• The winds of a tornado
may reach speed of
over 400 kilometers!
• Usually everything in a
tornado’s path is
destroyed
• A scale to measure
tornadoes is the Fujita
scale with and F1 being
the weakest and an F5
being the strongest
Tornado Formation
• A tornado is the result
of warm tropical air
coming up from the
gulf of Mexico
meeting cold dry air
coming down from
Canada
Cold, dry
air mass from
Canada
Warm, humid
air mass from
Gulf of Mexico
Hurricanes
• A hurricane is a tropical
storm
• Hurricanes do not have
warm and cold fronts
• Hurricanes develop over
warm tropical water where
evaporation release a
tremendous amount of heat
and energy
Hurricanes
• Hurricanes are about 700
kilometers in diameter
and can have winds that
can reach up to 275
kilometers an hour along
the eye wall
• Hurricanes are the most
destructive storms on
earth
Hurricanes form of
the coast of Africa
where warm ocean
temperatures cause
massive amounts of
evaporation
The Tradewinds
blow the
hurricane
toward the gulf
of Mexico & the
United States
The evaporation of warm
ocean water feeds hurricanes
What are 3 types of severe low
pressure systems?
• A ______ storm is a heavy
storm that consists of
rain, strong winds,
lightning, and rain
• A ______is a destructive,
rotating funnel shaped
column of air that has
winds up to ______km
• A ______ is a severe
storm that develops over
_____ oceans with winds
up to 275 km/h
Answer Bank
tropical
cumulus
400
hurricane
thunder
stratus
warm
tornado
Summarize
• When mountains cause clouds to form
it is called _______ _______
• When clouds form between to air
masses it is called _______ ______
• ________ is the formation of a large
rain droplet by the combination of
smaller droplets’
• The largest and most severe storm is a
_____
• The most violent and shortest lived
storm is a _______
Answer Bank
Tornado
Orographic lifting
Collision
Coalescence
Hurricane
Frontal wedging
Topic: Fronts & High/Low Pressure
• Objectives: Day 4 of 4
– I will know the difference between a cold
and warm front
– I will understand the difference between
high and low pressure systems
– I will know how wind flow from high
pressure to low pressure
Quickwrite
Answer one of the following questions in 2-3
sentences:
• If a warm air mass meets a cold air mass,
which one is lighter?? Which one is
heavier??
• If warmer air can hold more water, what
type of air mass do you think creates more
rain-cold or warm air mass????
How Air Moves
• If you recall, The sun drives our
winds due to the uneven
heating of earth
• This unequal heating creates
our global wind patterns
• Remember, hot equatorial air
moves to the cold poles by
convection, resulting in our
wind
• Then, the Coriolis Effect causes
our wind to curve and spin
• But, air also moves as a result
of pressure differences in our
atmosphere
How Air Moves
• Air moves from
areas of high
pressure (H), to
areas of low
pressure (L)
• During High
Pressure, air
sinks
• During Low
Pressure,
air rises
High vs. Low
Low Pressure
As air rises, it spins
Counter clockwise
As a result, cloudy stormy
weather forms
High Pressure
As air sinks, it
spins clockwise
As a result sunny,
clear weather forms
Where in the U.S. is sunny High pressure?
Where in the U.S. is stormy Low pressure?
Where is the Stormy Weather?
Isobars are lines
of equal pressure
High vs. Low
• Wind flows from High Pressure to ____Pressure
• The greater the pressure difference, the faster the wind
High = 1020mb
Low = 990mb
Air_____, spinning
clockwise creating
Sunny clear weather
Air_____, spinning counterclockwise creating, cloudy
stormy weather
Answer Bank
low
cumulus
Sinks
thunder
stratus
warm
rises
Air Masses
• When air doesn’t move, it starts to take on a characteristic
temperature and humidity for that region
• An air mass is a large body of air throughout which temperature
Polar
and moisture content are similar
ContinentalMaritime-
Air Masses form
over land
Cold & Dry
air masses
form
over the ocean
Cold & Humid
Tropicalair masses
form
over the ocean
Warm & Humid
Tropical
Continentalair masses form
over the land
Warm & Dry
Maritimeair masses
form
over the ocean
Cold & Humid
Tropicalair masses form
over the ocean
Warm & Humid
What is an Air Mass?
• A large body of air
throughout which
temperature and moisture
content are________
• 4 types:
Answer
-Polar Continental –cold
Bank
and dry because they form tropical
over land
ocean
-Maritime – cold and
funnel
humid because form over
thunder
cold _______
similar
-Tropical – Warm, humid
that forms over tropical
warm
water
moisture
-Continental Tropical –Hot
and dry because they form
over warm land
Fronts
• When 2 air masses meet they
don’t mix, they form Fronts
• Why?!
• Because they have different
Temperatures and Densities
• A cold air mass is dense and
does not mix with a warm air
mass
• There are 2 types of fronts:
Cold Front and a Warm Front
Cold Fronts
• When a cold air mass
overtakes a warm air mass, a
cold front forms
• The moving, heavier, cold air
lifts the warm air
• If the warm air is moist,
Clouds will form
• Large cumulus and
cumulonimbus form along
cold fronts
• Cold front is the
boundary where cold air
pushes warm air out of
the way and brings colder
weather and cumulus
clouds
Cold Fronts
• The side with the
“teeth” has the
warmer air
• The colder air is
pushing the warmer
air up
A Cold Front Approaching:
Notice the large cumulus clouds
Warm Fronts
• When a cold air mass
retreats from an area, a
warm front forms
• This warmer, lighter, less
dense air rises over the
cooler air
• A warm from has a gradual
slope, with clouds that form
as the warm air rises along
the front
• A warm front can cause rain,
and even sever
thunderstorms
• A warm front is defined as
the area or zone where a
warm air mass is replacing a
cold air mass
Warm Front
On a weather map,
Colder temperatures are
on the side of the semi
circles
Where is the warm front?
Where is the cold front?
Isobars are lines
of equal pressure
What is the difference between
Cold Front and Warm Front?
• Cold front is the boundary where cold
air ______warm air out of the way
and brings colder weather and
______ clouds
• A warm front is the boundary where a
____ air mass is replacing a cold air mass
and _______ clouds form as warm air
is forced upward
Answer Bank
pushes
cumulus
Sinks
stratus
warm
rises
Summarize
• High pressure, air is _____ & the weather is ____
• Low Pressure, air is _____ & the weather is _____
• At location D and B you are experiencing _____
Answer Bank
Warm
Cold (2)
low
rising
sinking
rain
Cloudy rainy
high
Sunny, clear
Front Movement
_______Front
_______Front
______Clouds
_______air
_______air
_______air