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TABLE 70. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health fields in doctorate-granting institutions, by detailed field, primary source of support, and
citizenship: 2008
Primary support
Citizenship
Federal
Postdoctoral
appointees
Field
All surveyed fields
Total Fellowships
Research
grants Traineeships Nonfederal
U.S. citizens and
permanent
residents
Temporary
visa holders
54,087
32,307
2,605
26,389
3,313
21,780
24,875
29,212
Science and engineering
38,135
23,360
1,573
20,179
1,608
14,775
16,240
21,895
Science
Agricultural sciences
32,678
1,146
20,394
506
1,383
57
17,497
449
1,514
0
12,284
640
14,343
604
18,335
542
19,794
350
2,306
2,500
330
165
625
2,376
221
222
989
2,200
243
1,791
1,411
1,328
68
2,669
12,479
237
1,450
1,511
226
112
392
1,471
136
129
601
1,518
154
1,035
990
885
25
1,607
874
18
116
109
26
8
13
130
10
2
52
143
3
61
60
53
1
69
10,345
192
1,227
1,318
132
97
377
1,265
119
106
502
1,163
132
802
786
730
24
1,373
1,260
27
107
84
68
7
2
76
7
21
47
212
19
172
144
102
0
165
7,315
113
856
989
104
53
233
905
85
93
388
682
89
756
421
443
43
1,062
8,596
145
972
1,232
176
73
222
1,012
128
123
494
1,049
104
776
576
546
55
913
11,198
205
1,334
1,268
154
92
403
1,364
93
99
495
1,151
139
1,015
835
782
13
1,756
32
3
0
3
0
29
20
12
490
299
11
287
1
191
192
298
1,335
116
539
327
353
805
80
308
166
251
48
0
22
25
1
736
77
283
128
248
21
3
3
13
2
530
36
231
161
102
641
58
255
170
158
694
58
284
157
195
19
7
0
7
0
12
15
4
Mathematical sciences
Mathematics/applied mathematics
Statistics
723
643
80
338
287
51
51
46
5
242
200
42
45
41
4
385
356
29
356
320
36
367
323
44
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies
348
188
19
149
20
160
193
155
Neuroscience
343
220
33
173
14
123
140
203
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
6,872
432
3,934
2,323
183
4,662
296
2,524
1,690
152
206
30
138
38
0
4,416
259
2,353
1,652
152
40
7
33
0
0
2,210
136
1,410
633
31
2,510
204
1,309
899
98
4,362
228
2,625
1,424
85
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, nec
1,070
65
731
274
731
43
511
177
69
4
39
26
564
25
405
134
98
14
67
17
339
22
220
97
748
58
512
178
322
7
219
96
506
45
88
35
156
20
36
5
15
1
1
0
126
19
34
5
15
0
1
0
350
25
52
30
328
18
72
11
178
27
16
24
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Biometry/epidemiology
Biophysics
Botany
Cell biology
Ecology
Entomology/parasitology
Genetics
Microbiology/immunology/virology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Zoology
Biological sciences, nec
Communication
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences, nec
Family and consumer science/human science
Social sciences
Agricultural economics
Anthropology (cultural/social)
Economics (except agricultural)
TABLE 70. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health fields in doctorate-granting institutions, by detailed field, primary source of support, and
citizenship: 2008
Primary support
Citizenship
Federal
Postdoctoral
appointees
Field
Geography
History and philosophy of science
Linguistics
Political science
Sociology
Sociology/anthropology
Social sciences, nec
Total Fellowships
Research
grants Traineeships Nonfederal
U.S. citizens and
permanent
residents
Temporary
visa holders
39
9
21
55
42
2
170
22
1
5
13
10
2
42
2
0
1
2
1
0
7
20
1
4
11
6
1
25
0
0
0
0
3
1
10
17
8
16
42
32
0
128
25
5
16
40
33
2
106
14
4
5
15
9
0
64
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architecture
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical engineering
Engineering science
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical/materials engineering
Mining engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Engineering, nec
5,457
154
135
11
710
880
465
986
214
115
782
605
5
85
28
282
2,966
109
76
0
470
403
207
520
125
48
441
311
2
60
5
189
190
0
0
0
29
27
5
66
4
2
25
28
0
0
0
4
2,682
100
76
0
401
369
202
440
120
43
409
283
2
60
5
172
94
9
0
0
40
7
0
14
1
3
7
0
0
0
0
13
2,491
45
59
11
240
477
258
466
89
67
341
294
3
25
23
93
1,897
56
38
4
315
299
171
374
101
36
224
147
1
31
5
95
3,560
98
97
7
395
581
294
612
113
79
558
458
4
54
23
187
Health
Clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Neurology
Obstetrics/gynecology
Oncology/cancer research
Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preventive medicine/community health
Psychiatry
Pulmonary disease
Radiology
Surgery
Clinical medicine, nec
15,952
13,837
395
515
334
236
344
1,363
228
1,571
466
137
985
379
888
237
845
1,249
3,665
8,947
7,833
258
283
204
141
232
678
109
966
202
104
514
285
593
152
498
629
1,985
1,032
972
24
64
44
20
95
120
5
84
11
7
75
36
48
18
23
104
194
6,210
5,329
208
164
111
98
113
487
90
733
184
71
369
185
326
73
430
347
1,340
1,705
1,532
26
55
49
23
24
71
14
149
7
26
70
64
219
61
45
178
451
7,005
6,004
137
232
130
95
112
685
119
605
264
33
471
94
295
85
347
620
1,680
8,635
7,582
235
256
170
105
186
688
115
629
180
67
555
247
640
143
387
682
2,297
7,317
6,255
160
259
164
131
158
675
113
942
286
70
430
132
248
94
458
567
1,368
2,115
270
88
804
59
486
408
1,114
155
43
422
48
198
248
60
9
9
25
3
3
11
881
116
9
354
39
185
178
173
30
25
43
6
10
59
1,001
115
45
382
11
288
160
1,053
126
74
303
31
286
233
1,062
144
14
501
28
200
175
Other health
Dental sciences
Nursing
Pharmaceutical sciences
Speech pathology/audiology
Veterinary sciences
Other health, nec
nec = not elsewhere classified.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2008.