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TABLE 27. Female graduate students in science, engineering, and health fields in all institutions, by detailed field: 2002–08
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
253,345
268,439
277,749
286,935
297,825
299,671
307,490
311,179
Science and engineering
188,617
198,397
201,865
206,308
211,106
218,295
227,273
231,997
Science
Agricultural sciences
163,650
5,653
170,810
6,026
174,593
6,258
179,413
6,202
183,162
6,299
188,321
6,444
196,801
6,627
200,460
6,891
33,411
451
2,422
7,514
2,552
306
1,019
2,791
1,039
492
1,112
2,808
3,512
906
1,773
994
638
3,082
35,883
466
2,595
8,158
2,771
339
996
3,006
1,208
537
1,216
2,933
3,658
910
1,818
1,144
645
3,483
37,289
467
2,643
8,617
2,867
434
974
3,095
1,192
565
1,283
3,053
3,721
922
1,693
1,229
640
3,894
38,521
466
2,818
8,638
3,009
408
985
3,290
1,210
520
1,309
3,082
3,791
958
1,713
1,255
636
4,433
39,369
487
2,812
9,056
2,985
405
962
3,530
1,224
518
1,317
3,050
3,941
981
1,664
1,275
586
4,576
40,651
505
2,899
9,042
3,330
418
977
3,653
1,249
507
1,284
3,060
4,117
999
1,679
1,277
571
5,084
40,754
428
2,868
8,891
3,412
417
940
3,742
1,139
507
1,274
3,004
3,865
964
1,671
1,460
595
5,577
41,334
383
2,691
9,226
3,560
383
945
3,903
1,126
504
1,277
2,933
4,172
1,011
1,679
1,505
466
5,570
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
4,647
5,381
16,025
14,816
13,277
12,045
12,062
12,206
12,017
12,545
6,247
333
2,613
1,309
1,992
6,538
374
2,764
1,392
2,008
6,932
363
3,059
1,509
2,001
6,895
388
3,043
1,481
1,983
7,004
367
3,081
1,497
2,059
6,951
395
3,055
1,464
2,037
6,650
419
3,040
1,439
1,752
6,621
449
3,042
1,433
1,697
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
2,327
2,958
6,886
5,239
1,647
7,289
5,406
1,883
7,497
5,613
1,884
7,437
5,560
1,877
7,693
5,772
1,921
7,781
5,751
2,030
7,678
5,648
2,030
7,751
5,540
2,211
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studiesa
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
ne
2,560
3,234
Neurosciencea
na
na
na
na
na
na
863
1,097
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
10,066
302
7,325
2,201
238
10,778
345
7,839
2,366
228
11,300
355
8,232
2,501
212
11,726
394
8,423
2,669
240
12,005
407
8,644
2,710
244
12,253
414
8,821
2,776
242
12,109
414
8,770
2,768
157
12,333
410
8,983
2,758
182
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, nec
37,717
9,467
10,516
17,734
38,779
9,955
10,820
18,004
40,156
10,623
10,958
18,575
43,319
11,012
11,930
20,377
43,703
10,843
11,989
20,871
45,594
11,294
13,405
20,895
45,116
11,269
13,036
20,811
44,615
10,589
12,581
21,445
Social sciences
Agricultural economics
Anthropology (cultural/social)
Economics (except agricultural)
Geography
History and philosophy of science
Linguistics
Political science
47,645
844
4,617
4,268
1,843
301
1,891
18,619
50,701
900
4,870
4,508
2,028
312
2,005
19,842
51,884
854
4,973
4,485
2,008
414
1,927
20,820
53,268
875
4,940
4,254
2,013
440
2,055
21,882
55,027
909
5,215
4,343
2,002
428
1,986
22,239
56,441
907
5,151
4,555
1,971
482
1,993
22,146
55,453
849
5,169
4,699
1,971
449
1,876
21,820
55,700
914
5,314
4,815
1,999
496
2,002
21,696
Field
All surveyed fields
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Biology
Biometry/epidemiology
Biophysics
Botany
Cell biology
Ecology
Entomology/parasitology
Genetics
Microbiology/immunology/virology
Nutrition
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Zoology
Biological sciences, nec
Communicationa
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciences, nec
Family and consumer science/human sciencea
Mathematical sciences
Mathematics/applied mathematics
Statistics
TABLE 27. Female graduate students in science, engineering, and health fields in all institutions, by detailed field: 2002–08
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007olda
2007newa
2008
5,768
453
9,041
5,901
506
9,829
5,794
547
10,062
5,793
545
10,471
5,793
547
11,565
6,235
552
12,449
6,163
455
12,002
6,440
424
11,600
24,967
516
288
na
1,513
1,995
4,905
7,270
430
3,076
2,083
1,251
37
148
107
1,348
27,587
603
315
na
1,944
2,100
5,398
7,794
465
3,266
2,354
1,331
42
182
129
1,664
27,272
600
311
na
2,183
2,106
5,441
7,201
465
3,230
2,456
1,321
42
196
134
1,586
26,895
607
323
na
2,297
2,079
5,405
6,788
419
3,296
2,408
1,348
39
211
121
1,554
27,944
709
350
na
2,486
2,159
5,423
7,026
451
3,466
2,485
1,390
43
214
135
1,607
29,974
700
366
na
2,610
2,235
6,348
7,367
412
3,520
2,615
1,460
51
226
183
1,881
30,472
700
366
1,974
2,621
2,266
4,736
7,439
409
3,544
2,614
1,473
37
221
183
1,889
31,537
722
398
2,612
2,761
2,409
4,765
7,340
471
3,714
2,749
1,533
49
214
191
1,609
64,728
11,775
589
19
32
6
10
1,183
14
145
75
1
397
7,722
295
2
102
25
1,158
70,042
12,823
718
10
33
10
15
1,317
12
144
271
2
365
8,213
217
8
130
26
1,332
75,884
13,471
868
11
39
9
16
1,331
10
157
275
1
363
8,510
321
6
123
30
1,401
80,627
14,075
900
13
31
5
5
1,426
9
189
264
5
229
8,929
198
13
132
27
1,700
86,719
15,533
905
11
21
10
4
1,571
33
195
280
7
236
10,113
219
4
140
41
1,743
81,376
16,306
561
29
24
14
7
1,820
57
207
291
9
249
11,011
234
9
84
21
1,679
80,217
15,350
561
29
24
14
7
932
57
152
273
9
249
11,468
177
9
85
11
1,293
79,182
16,347
354
22
47
7
4
782
65
154
0
9
163
12,818
152
6
85
11
1,668
Other health
52,953
57,219
62,413
66,552
71,186
Dental sciences
564
656
841
781
686
Nursing
22,156
23,897
26,981
28,731
32,539
Pharmaceutical sciences
2,441
3,012
2,904
3,446
3,532
Speech pathology/audiology
12,405
12,736
13,059
13,856
13,850
Veterinary sciences
1,016
1,032
1,040
1,241
1,309
Other health, nec
14,371
15,886
17,588
18,497
19,270
na = not applicable; data were not collected at this level of detail. ne = not eligible; data were not collected for this field prior to 2007.
65,070
625
28,842
2,670
14,974
1,293
16,666
64,867
699
28,910
2,722
14,980
1,510
16,046
62,835
679
27,746
2,211
14,755
1,597
15,847
Field
Sociology
Sociology/anthropology
Social sciences, nec
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Architecturea
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineeringa
Electrical engineering
Engineering science
Industrial engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical/materials engineering
Mining engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Engineering, nec
Health
Clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Neurologya
Obstetrics/gynecology
Oncology/cancer research
Ophthalmology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Preventive medicine/community health
Psychiatry
Pulmonary disease
Radiology
Surgery
Clinical medicine, nec
nec = not elsewhere classified.
a
In 2007, GSS-eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of GSS-eligible units. "2007new"
presents data as collected in 2007; "2007old" reflects data as they would have been collected under 2006 methodology. Science fields "communication" and "family and
consumer science/human science" are newly eligible. Data for these two fields are only in 2007new. Science field "multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies" is also newly
eligible; these data may have been reported under other fields before 2007. "Neuroscience" is reported as a separate field of science in 2007new; these data were reported
under health field "neurology" in 2007old and previous years. "Architecture" is reported as a separate field of engineering in 2007new; these data were reported under "civil
engineering" in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A, "Technical Notes," for more detail.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.