Download 03 Atoms and elements (pt3)

Elements are organized into the
Periodic Table of Elements
Organize my grocery list so that I
can be more efficient:
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Peanut butter
Milk
Ground beef
Cucumber
Frozen corn
Fish sticks
strawberries
Bread
Frozen waffles
Cheese
Cheerios
Sliced ham
Ice cream
What are some of the ways you
organized the grocery list?
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Alphabetical
Aisle
Frozen foods
Food groups
Animal/plant products
Processed/natural foods
•The father of the periodic table
•In the 19th century, a lot of elements
were discovered
•1869 - Mendelev organized these
elements according to their atomic
masses
•He left blank spaces for elements that
had not yet been discovered
•He used rows and columns
PUZZLE
Periodic Table
The elements are organized in rows and
columns.
 The rows are called Periods
 There are 7 periods 
Groups/Families
A column is called a group or a family
There are 18 groups/families
The periodic table has a lot of
information organized in different
patterns:
Groups – vertical columns
- elements in the same group
have similar chemical properties
Periods – horizontal rows
- elements have the same
number of electron shells
Staircase – separates metals and nonmetals
Elements in the same family are similar
and have the same chemical properties.
Periodic Table
7 PERIODS
18 FAMILIES
Inferring Symbols for Elements Activity
See Page 193
Complete Entire Activity BUT NOT
Extensions # 2-3
See Periodic Table of the Elements on
pg. 562 and Appendix D on pg. 564
Rules for Element Symbols
1.
2.
First letter of the element name.
First letter and another from its name (to differentiate
it from other elements with the same first letter).
•
3.
Examples: Chlorine (Cl), Calcium (Ca),
Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Cesium (Cs).
Element initials from its name in language of origin.
•
Examples: Iron – [Latin, Ferrum] (Fe),
Gold – [Latin, Aurum] (Au), Tungsten –
[German/Slavik, Wolfram] (W)
Naming Elements
Elements were named in the first language
of the sciencentist who discovered it.
 Ex: Iron uses the symbol Fe because it is Ferrous
in Latin
 Ex: Mercury uses the symbol Hg because it is
Hydrargyrum in Greek
Naming Elements
 Find the symbol for the following elements:
 Chromium
 Calcium
 Sodium
 Oxygen
 Chlorine
 Hydrogen
Naming Elements
 Find the names for the following elements:
 Cu
 Ne
N
 Mg
U
 Au
The Atomic Number
The number of protons found in the
nucleus of the atom
Represented by the letter Z
Atomic Number
is 26
Atomic Number
is 1
26
1
H
Fe
Atomic Numbers
Elements are organized by their atomic
numbers
Ex: Hydrogen contains 1 proton;
therefore, its atomic number is
Each elements has its own atomic
number
Determine the atomic numbers for the
following elements:
• Hydrogen
• Beryllium
• Neon
* Lithium
* Californium
* Lead
Atomic Numbers
Find the atomic numbers for the following
elements:
Tungsten
Lead
Xenon
Fluorine
Atomic Numbers
 Find the elements for the corresponding atomic
number:
16
33
98
102
Do Not Forget!
Atoms are composed of a nucleus,
electrons, neutrons and protons
Noyau
Atomic Mass
The mass of the protons and neutrons of an
atom
Measured in amu (atomic mass unit) (u)
Proton: mass of
Neutron: mass of
Electron: mass of
Atomic Mass is 56
Atomic Mass is 1
26
1
1,01
H
55,85
Fe
Ex: Lithium (Li)
Has 3 protons and 4 neutrons
Atomic Mass = # protons + # neutrons
Atomic Mass of Lithium: 3 + 4
=7
Remember: electrons do not have a mass
Review!! 
The atomic number and
the atomic mass are completely
different.
Atomic # = # of protons (determines the
placement on the periodic table)
Atomic Mass = # protons + # neutrons
Both are given on the period table
Questions:
Atomic Number
Element
Fluorine
Ta
Nitrogen
Kr
Atomic Mass
Standard Atomic Notation
Standard Atomic Notation
Aluminium
Calcium
Chlorine
Fluorine
Standard Atomic Notation
Helium
Magnesium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Standard Atomic Notation
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sulfer
Sodium
Protons and Electrons
Atoms have the same number of
protons and electrons
Number of Protons = Atomic Number
Number of Electons = Number of Protons
# of Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic #
The atomic number of
Krypton (Kr) is 36.
Kr
- 36 protons
(therefore) – 36 electrons
# of Neutrons = 84 – 36
# of Neutrons = 48 neutrons
23
Vanadium
Protons?
Electrons?
Neutrons?
(51 – 23)
V
Vanadium
50,94
44
Ruthenium
Ru
Ruthenium
101,07
Protons?
Electrons?
Neutrons?
(101 – 44)
Lead
Protons?
Electrons?
Neutrons?
(207 – 82)