Download Muscles Questions

Name
Date
Tuesday, April 15
Muscles
By Brandi Waters
Your muscles keep your body moving. You use them to run, jump, walk, and lift
things. You have more than six hundred muscles in your body. You have muscles
everywhere, from your head to your toes. Some of your muscles help you to do the
things that you want to do. You only use them when you need them to help you do
something. Some of your muscles are hard at work all the time. You use them without
even thinking about it. You might not even know that they are there.
There are three kinds of muscles in your body: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and
smooth muscle. Cardiac muscle is only found in one place in your body: your heart.
Your heart is one big piece of muscle. It is always working; you don't even have to
think about it. Skeletal muscle is what you probably think about when someone says
the word muscle. Skeletal muscles work with your bones to give you the ability to
move. These muscles only work when you want them to. You wouldn't want your leg
muscles to be working while you are sitting in class. You would need them at the
soccer field, though! There you use your leg muscles to run, kick, and change
directions.
The final kind of muscle found in your body is smooth muscle. This is the kind of muscle that you might not even
know that you have. You can't control this kind of muscle, no matter how hard you try. Smooth muscles are all
over your body, but one place where there is a lot of smooth muscle is your digestive system. Have you ever
thought about how food moves through your body? You swallow your food, but then what happens? Does it just
slide through your body? Smooth muscles are always working to push food through your digestive system. They
also can be found around your bladder to help you hold urine and around your eyes to help you focus on the things
that you want to see. There are many muscles all over your body. They work in many different ways to help your
body work at its best.
Muscles
Questions
1. There are ______ muscles in your body.
A. about five hundred
B. more than six hundred
C. about twelve hundred
D. more than one thousand
2. ______ muscle only works when you want it to.
A. Skeletal
B. Leg
C. Smooth
D. Cardiac
3. Smooth muscle is found ______.
A. throughout the digestive system
B. around the eyes
C. around the bladder
D. all of the above
Name
Date
Tuesday, April 15
4. What are the three kinds of muscle in the human body?
5. What kind of muscle is your heart made of?
What kinds of muscle are working while you are running a race? Explain what kinds of things each type of
muscle is doing.
Name
Date
Wednesday, April 16
Your Sense of Taste
By Cindy Grigg
You taste with your tongue. Taste helps you enjoy food. Tasting relies on the
sense of smell. The taste of food mostly depends on your sense of smell.
You put a bit of food into your mouth. Your teeth begin to break the food into
small pieces. Your saliva dissolves the food. Then the dissolved food enters the
taste buds through a pore in the center of them.
Look in a mirror at your tongue. See the bumps on it? Each bump has many
taste buds. An average person has about ten thousand taste buds. Nerves inside
the taste buds send messages to your brain. Your brain then tells you what you
taste.
Taste buds are groups of special cells. They are called receptor cells. These
cells work hard. They are replaced by your body about every two weeks. They
can detect chemicals dissolved in the saliva. Taste buds on different areas of
the tongue detect different tastes. There are four main flavors we can taste:
bitter, salty, sour, and sweet. Most foods are a mix of more than one flavor.
The taste buds at the back of your tongue taste anything bitter. You taste sour things along the sides of the tongue.
The center of your tongue can taste salty things. You taste sweet things at the front of your tongue.
Your sense of taste relies on your sense of smell. Try a taste test. Shut your eyes. Hold your nose. Try a bite of
food. You will find that it is very hard to taste the food. Sometimes when you have a bad cold, you will notice that
food just doesn't taste as good.
If your mouth is dry, you can't taste as well. Food that has a pleasing smell makes our mouths "water." Our
salivary glands start making saliva. The saliva is needed in our mouths to help us taste the food.
Our sense of smell tells us if our food is bad. If you start to drink bad milk, you notice the sour smell. You know
not to drink the milk. Your sense of smell keeps you from eating a food that might make you sick.
Your Sense of Taste
Questions
1. What is the main organ for the sense of taste?
A. lips
B. teeth
C. tongue
2. An average person has about ______ taste buds.
A. 100 - 200
B. 10,000
Name
Date
Wednesday, April 16
3. What are the four main flavors we can taste?
4. If you have a cold or stuffed-up nose, your food will:
A. have little taste
B. taste the same as always
C. taste better than usual
5. Being able to smell our food:
A. keeps us from eating something that might make us sick
B. makes us choose foods that are not healthy for us
Think of your favorite food. Now make a list of words that describe that food. How many of them also describe
smells? Circle the words on your list that also could describe a smell. Share your list with your class.
Name
Date
Thursday, April 17
Skeletal System - Healthy Bones
By Sharon Fabian
There are 206 bones in the adult body. The longest one is the thighbone, or femur,
which makes up about 1/4 of your height. The smallest is the stirrup bone in the ear,
which is only about 1/10 of an inch long. The bones are connected by 230 joints. All
of these parts of the skeletal system keep you in good shape, active, and looking good
-- as long as you keep them healthy.
Keeping bones healthy starts at birth. Babies are born with bones that are soft and
flexible. Babies' bones have lots of cartilage, the flexible material that will later
harden into bone material. In fact, babies have around 300 bones at first. Later, as the
bones harden, some of these will fuse together until the adult number of 206 bones is reached.
Babies also have some spaces between the bones of the skull. This allows the brain to grow quickly during the
first two years, but as the baby grows, these bones will gradually close together. These are some of the reasons why
babies must be handled with special care. Babies' bones are not ready for the rough treatment that kids' and teens'
bones receive when they run and play. A new baby needs to be handled gently, and his head always needs to be
supported, until his muscles and bones grow stronger.
Kids and teens need to protect their bones in a different way. Their bones are strong, but bones are always
breakable. When you're bike riding, wear your helmet to protect your skull. When you skate, wear the wrist, elbow,
and knee pads that are recommended for the sport. Use the proper protective gear when you play contact sports like
football, hockey, or soccer. And when you are in the car, buckle up your seatbelt.
Bones continue to grow until about age 25. After that, bones are fully hardened and will not grow any more. That's
why it is important to take good care of the bones that you have. Eating the right nutrients and getting the right
exercise will keep your bones in fine shape. However, people often do not get the right nutrition and exercise. That
is why many adults have bones that are thinner and more porous than they should be. Porous means full of little
holes, something like a sponge. Very thin, porous bones result in a medical condition called osteoporosis.
Getting the right nutrition for your bones means getting enough calcium. Boys and girls from the ages of 9 through
18 need around 1,300 mg of calcium daily. This is more than the recommended daily allowance for adults, because
their bones are still growing. Milk provides lots of calcium. So do other dairy products like cheese and yogurt.
Some other foods that contain calcium, too, are broccoli, collard greens, almonds, and sesame seeds. Some
packaged foods are fortified with calcium. This means that calcium has been added to them. Orange juice and
cereals are sometimes fortified with calcium.
The exercises that are especially good for your bones are weight-bearing activities. This doesn't mean that you
need to lift weights! The weight can be the weight of your own body. Running and jumping are weight-bearing
activities. Basketball, volleyball, jumping rope, dancing, and hiking are all good exercise for your bones.
That's all it takes -- good food, good exercise, and strap on that helmet!
Name
Date
Thursday, April 17
Skeletal System - Healthy Bones
Questions
1. Babies have more bones than adults do.
A. false
B. true
2. Kids and teens need more calcium than adults do.
A. true
B. false
3. Babies must be handled gently because ______.
A. Their bones are not hard yet.
B. Their bones are hard and brittle.
C. They have spaces between the bones of their skulls.
D. both a and c
4. ______ are recommended protective gear for skaters.
A. wrist pads
B. elbow pads
C. knee pads
D. all of the above
5. To keep bones healthy, eat a diet rich in______.
A. iron
B. nitrogen
C. phosphorus
D. calcium
6. Which of the following provide lots of calcium?
A. yogurt
B. milk
C. collard greens
D. all of the above
7. Foods that are fortified with calcium have ______.
A. calcium added to them
B. a better form of calcium
C. too little calcium
D. too much calcium
8. Which of the following are good weight-bearing exercises?
A. jumping rope
B. sitting on the couch
C. ice skating
D. swimming
Name
Date
Friday, April 18
Your Blood's Other Job
By Cindy Grigg
Caption: This is a scanning electron microscope image from normal
circulating human blood. One can see red blood cells, several white blood cells,
and many small disc-shaped platelets. Picture by Bruce Wetzel (photographer)
and Harry Schaefer (photographer) for the National Cancer Institute.
You already know that your blood takes nutrients and oxygen to all your
body's cells. That is the job of the red blood cells. But did you know that your
blood has another job? Blood also fights off disease germs.
The blood's white blood cells attack germs that get inside your body. White
blood cells are like your body's army. They fight invaders that do not belong
inside you. White blood cells surround the germs and swallow them.
Your blood also has antibodies. White blood cells attack germs. Antibodies
are chemicals that join in the fight. There are exact antibodies that fight exact
germs. Antibodies stay in your blood, sometimes forever. The white cells and
the antibodies are part of your body's immune system.
Let's say that your body is invaded by the germs that cause chicken pox. The white cells attack the chicken
pox germs. Your body makes antibodies that will fight the chicken pox germs, too.
Soon you feel better. But the antibodies will stay in your body. They will defend you from that same kind of
germs for the rest of your life. If chicken pox germs ever enter your body again, the antibodies will fight them off.
We say that you have immunity to chicken pox. Immunity is your body's ability to resist disease.
Doctors can trick our bodies. Your doctor might give you a shot for a certain disease that you have not had.
The shot has weakened germs in it. Or it may have dead germs in it. A vaccination might make you feel a little
sick. But you would not feel as sick as you would feel if you really had caught the disease.
The vaccination tricks your body into making antibodies to fight the disease germs. Then if these same germs
get into your body again, the antibodies will attack! They will protect you from getting the disease.
We have many vaccines today that protect us from many different diseases. Before vaccines, many people
died. Now, doctors use vaccines to trick our bodies into making antibodies. This prevents many deaths. Smallpox
and polio are two diseases that once killed many people. Both of them have almost vanished since the vaccines
for them were found.
Some vaccines don't last very long. You may need to get booster shots several times to keep your immunity.
Your doctor can tell you when you need to get booster shots for different diseases.
Everyone's immune system is different. Some people seem to never get sick. Others seem to be sick most of
the time. As children get older, their immune systems tend to do a better job of keeping them well. Usually
adults and teens are sick far less than kids are. Their immune systems have come into contact with more germs.
The bodies of adults and teens have learned to know the germs and attack them before they make the person sick.
Your immune system is on the job! It protects you against germs every day. It works like an invisible army,
attacking invaders. You probably wouldn't live very long without your immune system!
Name
Date
Friday, April 18
Your Blood's Other Job
Questions
1. What kind of cells surround germs and swallow them?
A. white blood cells
B. antibodies
C. red blood cells
2. There are exact ______ that fight exact germs.
A. antibodies
B. red blood cells
C. white blood cells
3. Antibodies are ______ that join in the fight against germs.
A. white blood cells
B. chemicals
C. red blood cells
4. What is immunity?
5. A vaccine has ______ germs in it.
A. many kinds of
B. no
C. safe
D. dead or weakened
6. If you get a vaccination, you will never get sick.
A. false
B. true
7. A vaccination for polio will protect the person from ______.
A. many different diseases
B. only polio
C. colds and flu
8. All vaccines will protect each person for his or her whole life.
A. true
B. false
9. With some vaccines, you must get a ______ shot several times to keep your immunity.
Name
Date
Friday, April 18
10. Kids usually get sick more often than teens and adults.
A. false
B. true
Do you remember getting a shot? Write a paragraph about it and explain how it felt.
Name
Date
Saturday, April 19
Your Bones and Muscles
By Cindy Grigg
You have lots of different kinds of bones inside your body. Adults have 206 bones. Kids have more than that. As
kids grow, some of their bones grow together. Your bones make a framework that holds you up. It is called your
skeleton. It also gives your body its shape. Without bones, you would not be able to move.
Some of your bones protect the soft parts of your body. Your skull bones are like a hard hat that protects your
brain. Your rib bones curve around your chest. They protect your heart and lungs.
Other bones are for moving. You can bend in the places where your bones fit together. These places are called
joints. Try walking without moving your knees or ankles. It's not easy! You can't sit down without bending. You
can't walk up or down stairs without bending, either.
Some joints bend only one way. Your knees and elbows are called hinge joints. They bend in only one way, like
the hinge on a door. Other joints can move in a circle. Your hips and shoulders can move in a circle. They are
called ball and socket joints. The joints in your spine or backbone help it curve, but it cannot bend at a sharp angle
like your knee joints can.
Muscles are joined to bones. They make bones move by pulling on them. They cannot push. So they must work in
pairs. One muscle pulls in each direction. You have more than 600 muscles!
Muscles change shape when they pull on bones. They bunch up and become shorter. When you bend your elbow,
you can feel the muscle on top of your arm. It bunches up and seems to get bigger. It feels harder, too. Now stretch
your arm out hard. Feel how the muscle underneath becomes hard and stiff.
If you break a bone, your body can mend it. You have to go to the doctor. The doctor puts a plaster cast on the arm
or leg. This helps the broken bone stay together until your body can heal it.
Some bones protect your body's soft parts. Some bones help you move. You couldn't move without your bones
and muscles. Muscles pull on bones to make them move.
Your Bones and Muscles
Questions
1. How many bones do adults have in their bodies?
A. 206
B. 300
C. 600
2. All of your bones make a framework called the:
A. skeleton
B. bone system
C. muscular system
3. What do your bones do for your body?
A. move your arms and legs
B. hold you up
C. protect your heart, lungs, and brain
D. all of the above
Name
Date
Saturday, April 19
4. What makes your bones move?
A. your tongue
B. your teeth
C. your muscles
5. How many muscles do you have in your body?
A. more than 300
B. more than 206
C. more than 600
What do bones do for your body? Write a paragraph and explain.
Name
Date
Sunday, April 20
Body Systems Work Together
By Cindy Grigg
You know that your body is made of cells. When groups of cells do the same kind of work,
they are called tissues. The word tissue comes from a Latin word meaning to "weave." Cells
that make up tissues are sometimes "woven" together.
You have four main types of tissues: epithelial, nervous, muscle, and connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body. It also lines organs and cavities. Nervous
tissue sends electrical signals. Muscle tissue helps you move. Connective tissue joins bones
and cushions organs.
When groups of tissues work together, they are called organs. Some examples of organs are
the heart, lungs, skin, and stomach. When organs work together, they are called systems. For
example, your heart, lungs, blood, and blood vessels work together. They make up the
circulatory system.
There are eleven systems in the human body: muscular system, respiratory system, digestive
system, integumentary system (skin), skeletal system, circulatory (or cardiovascular) system,
excretory (or urinary) system, reproductive system, nervous system, lymphatic system, and
endocrine system. Each system has a special job.
All of your body systems have to work together to keep you healthy. Your bones and muscles work together to
support and move your body. Your respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air. It also gets rid of carbon
dioxide.
Your digestive system absorbs water and nutrients from the food you eat.
Your circulatory system carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells throughout your body. Wastes from the cells
are eliminated by your respiratory system, your excretory system, and your skin. Your nervous system controls all
these activities with electrical impulses. If any system in your body isn't working properly, other systems are
affected.
Think of your body as a building. A building has a plumbing system, a heating system, a cooling system, an
electrical system, and a support system. If any system in a building breaks down, other systems can be affected.
As one example, think about a building's electrical system. Suppose a mouse chewed through an electrical wire to
a furnace. Without electricity, the heating system would not work. If this happened in very cold weather, the
plumbing system could be affected. Water pipes might freeze and burst. If a lot of water leaked into the building's
walls, its support system would be damaged. Like a building's systems, your body's systems have to work together.
Body Systems Work Together
Questions
1. Tissues are:
A. groups of systems doing the same work
B. groups of organs doing the same work
C. groups of cells doing the same work
Name
Date
Sunday, April 20
2. How many types of tissue do you have?
A. three
B. ten
C. eleven
D. four
3. Groups of tissue that work together are called:
A. epithelial
B. connective
C. organs
D. cells
4. What do body systems consist of?
A. tissues working together
B. organs working together
C. cells working together
5. How many systems are there in the human body?
A. eleven
B. twelve
C. ten
D. five
6. Systems in a building are like:
A. systems in your body
B. members of a family
C. cells in your body
D. your nervous system
7. A building's foundation, walls, floors, and roof are most like which body system?
A. the nervous system
B. the respiratory system
C. the digestive system
D. the skeletal system
8. Your nervous system is like a building's:
A. support system
B. plumbing system
C. heating system
D. electrical system
Name
Date
Monday, April 21
Your Body
By Cindy Grigg
Look in a mirror. Your eyes let you see the world around you. What color are
your eyes? The part of your eye that is colored is called the iris. In the middle
of your iris, you see a black circle. That is the pupil of your eye. It is an
opening that lets light come into your eye. You need light to see.
Listen. Your ears help you hear. Your ears hear many different sounds every
day. Your ears also help you balance. All the working parts of your ears are
hidden inside your head. Your ear drum is a special piece of skin. It vibrates
when sound waves hit it. Your brain can tell what sounds made the vibrations.
Sniff. Your nose can smell about ten thousand different kinds of smells.
Odors come into your nose with the air. At the back of your nose are
thousands of tiny hairs. They are connected to a nerve that goes to your brain.
When the smell comes into your nose, the nerves send a message to your
brain. Then your brain tells you what the smell is.
Stick out your tongue. Your tongue is a muscle. It helps you talk. But more importantly, it helps you move food
around your mouth and swallow it. Your tongue can taste your food. It can tell the difference between sour, sweet,
salty, and bitter tastes. You have thousands of taste buds on your tongue.
Touch your face. You feel things outside you with your skin. Your sense of touch tells you whether things are
warm or cold. It tells you if things are hard or soft. Nerves in your skin send messages to your brain. Your brain
can tell what you feel. Some nerves detect pressure or pain. Some detect heat or cold.
Your brain is inside your head. It tells every part of your body what to do, even when you are asleep. Different
parts of your brain do different jobs. One part works all the time to keep you breathing. It also keeps your heart
pumping blood. Other parts control your speech and movements. Other parts control your thinking and memory.
Your brain makes you think, see, talk, feel, laugh, and cry. It tells you when you are hungry. It tells you when to go
to the bathroom.
All of us have eyes, ears, noses, tongues, and skin. Yet we are all different. There is no one in the world exactly
like you!
Your Body
Questions
1. Your eyes let you ______.
A. hear
B. see
C. smell
2. Your ears help you ______.
A. hear
B. see
C. smell
Name
Date
Monday, April 21
3. Your nose can ______.
A. hear
B. smell
C. see
4. Your skin lets you ______.
A. feel things outside you
B. hear sounds
C. taste food
5. Your tongue ______.
A. helps you talk
B. helps you move food around your mouth and swallow it
C. can taste
D. all of the above
6. Your brain ______.
A. is inside your head
B. tells every part of your body what to do, even when you are asleep
C. both A and B
What jobs does your brain do for you? Write a paragraph and explain.