Download 1Unit 3Chap5worklist10wwork

Human Anatomy
Unit 3 – Chapter 5 – Skin
Name __________________________________ P.__ Date__________
Turn you unit work in by day of test or one day after for chance at full credit. After that, max points =
half credit. GET ANY INCOMPLETE WORK COMPLETED!!! Late work = 2pts if complete.
ASSIGNMENT
DATE TO BE
POINTS EARNED
COMPLETED
1) Basic Structure of Skin
Label Sheet/ on back skin
function notes
2) The Depths of Skin
worksheet
3) The Skin is a Many
Splendered Thing
4) Function of skin fill in notes
5) Common Skin Disorders –
PowerPoint Notes
6) SaveYour Skin crossword
7) Skin Cancer Notes using
book
8) Burns notes
9) Suntans and Sunburns – A
Case Study
10) Understanding Cancer
video clip notes
11) Chapter 5 Test review guide
Extra for printing out
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Basic Structure of Skin
2
Name
Period #
The Depths of Skin
Fill in the diagram below.
12. What are the basic functions of each layer of the skin.
Layer
Functions
13. Give an overall summary of what the skin does based on your notes and the functions written above.
3
Name
Period #
The Skin is a Many Splendered Thing
Answer the questions below based on your notes and textbook.
1. pg 78 - What are the 5 basic functions of the skin? (see italicized information)
____________________________________
2. Name and discuss the various ways that your skin provides protection. Pg 78
Protection
Explanation
3. Rickets is a condition that results when calcium levels in the blood are too low. As a result, bone is broken
down to get calcium and poor bone structure results. Explain how the skin prevents Rickets. Explain how
this might affect people who live in cloudy areas, and what should they do to supplement this? Pg 78
4. Touch is a very important method of communication. Explain 2 ways on how the body communicates
through touch and what this has to do with the skin.
5. Give an overall statement as to the importance of the skin to people and what would happen with out it.
4
6. Why do you think the body has to be kept at a constant temperature?.
7. pg 74 - Fill in the steps in wound healing- First, skin is cut and wound will fill with _________________
which washes away some bacteria which may have entered the wound. Second, chemicals released by
damaged tissue cells will cause the blood to ______________. Then the part of the clot exposed to the
________ will _____ and _________________ becoming a _____________. Next ___________ blood cells
and _______________ move into the area. White blood cells will help fight ____________ and the
_________________ are able to pull the ______________ of the wound ____________. After, the basal
cells of the epidermis begin to produce ______ cells. Finally a ________ is formed and the wound is healed.
8. In boxes below draw a picture of wound healing (fig 5-7) Put in details and label drawings.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
9. List 4 ways that you can get a burn (all hot stuff counts as one).
10. How would you classify the severity of a burn?
11. Cancer is another disruption of homeostasis. What is cancer? List 4 types of cancers and 4 suspected causes
of cancer.
5
The Function of Skin – Overhead Notes
The skin has _______ basic functions
1. ________________
a. Physical barrier to _____________, dirt, and _____________
i. ____________ and other invaders are prevented entry by the top dead layer of skin
and the acidic, ________ secretion from sebaceous glands (________).
ii. _____________________ of the dead skin outer layer also prevents water from
entering or leaving the skin.
b.
The skin also _____________ the rest of your body from harmful
_______________ radiation through the production of ______________ in the
melanocytes. Melanin ____________ the sun’s rays.
2. Vitamin ________ Synthesis
a.
The skin produces a ______________ to Vitamin D. The __________________
convert this into Vitamin D.
b.
Vitamin D is converted in the liver and kidneys into the hormone
_______________, which regulates _____________ growth.
3. Touch and Talk
a.
Special nerve receptors control ___________, ______, and ________________
sensing.
b. A great many of these receptors occur in the _________.
4. ______________________ of Body Temperature
a.
Only _________ of the energy from ATP is used. The rest is given off as
________ from the muscles.
b.
The skin keeps the amount needed and releases the rest through ___________.
c.
_______________ vessels control the temperature regulation by ___________ or
constricting.
d.
Bad things happen when a constant temp. is not kept
i. __________________—Higher body temp. than normal results in dehydration
(from excess sweating) and __________________.
ii. __________________—Lower body temp. than normal interferes with the
body’s normal functions and eventually ends in death.
6
Skin Disorders – PowerPoint Notes
___________________
 ____________ Caused Include
– ____________ - highly contagious skin infection that usually produces ________
or sores on the face and hands, is one of the most common skin infections among
_______.
– __________ – overproduction of _________, leading to clogging of __________.
When bacteria begins to fester in clogged pore, a ___________ results.
– __________________________ a ________ that becomes infected with _______ bacteria. These bacteria destroys
soft tissue at the ___________________ level.
- ___________ (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
 Staph is a germ that often lives in the noses and on the _________ of healthy people
and spreads from person to person on contaminated hands, skin, and objects.
 Some staph called MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staph aureus) cannot be killed by
certain ____________ – called beta lactams – which are commonly used to treat
staph.
- What to do to Prevent Staph Skin Infections
Keep your hands ___________ by washing well with soap and water or using an alcohol
hand gel.
 Keep cuts and scrapes clean and ___________ with a bandage until healed.
 Avoid contact with other people’s ________ or __________.
 Avoid sharing personal items such as __________ or razors.
- What are the signs and symptoms of MRSA infection?
Staph skin infections, including MRSA, generally start as _____ _____ _________ that
resemble pimples, boils or spider bites.
 These can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining.
 Sometimes the bacteria remain confined to the skin. But they can also
_____________ into the body, causing potentially life-threatening infections in
bones, joints, surgical wounds, the bloodstream, heart ____________ and lungs.
 _____________ Caused Include
– ______________ FOOT - a very common skin infection of the foot. When the feet
or other areas of the body stay ___________, warm, and irritated, this
______________ can thrive and infect the upper layer of the skin. It can occur
7
anywhere on the body, including the scalp, trunk, extremities (arms and legs),
__________, feet, nails (__________ nails) and other areas
– ________________ – occurs in warm, _________ areas. Ringworm is more likely
when you have frequent wetness (such as from sweating) and minor injuries to
your skin, scalp, or nails. Itchy, red, raised, ________ patches that may blister and
__________.
– ___________ – accelerated _______________ that produces ______________ and
itching.
-may be caused by a fat-eating, yeast-like ___________, which lives on the
scalps of most healthy adults without causing problems. But sometimes it _______ out
of control, feeding on __________ and causing irritation that leads to increased cell
turnover.
Not Infections
– ___________ - can be triggered by just about anything (chemicals, fabrics,
________ and dryness) coming in contact with the skin. Dry, __________ skin
appears over red, inflamed areas, causing intense itching and ________. Seems to
have a _____________ link.
– _____________ – or hives. An __________ condition characterized by reddish,
elevated, itchy ___________ or patches. May be triggered by ________, exercise or
___________ contact.
– _____________ – the body produces too many skin cells. Normally skin cell turn
around is _________ days, but with psoriasis turn around is ___ week. Produces
________, itchy scaly skin. ___________.
8
Save Your Skin
Across
2. You should wear sunscreen even on __________ days.
3. ______ shirts can allow dangerous rays to pass through.
4. _____________ less than six months old should never wear sunscreen.
6. Don't use __________ booths.
7. Dark skinned people can _______ burn.
10. Keep ___________ out of the sun.
11. Dark skin produces more ___________.
12. Babies’ bodies cannot ___________ the chemicals in sunscreen.
14. The stain in self-tanning lotions is DHA or _______________________.
15. You can still get a sunburn even during the cold ___________ months like January.
Down
1. SPF stands for sun ______________ factor.
5. These must filter out UV light to protect your eyes.
8. Self-tanning _________________ don't protect against sunburn.
9. Certain medications like ____________ may cause you to burn severely in a tanning
booth.
13. Avoid the sun from ten a.m. to ___ p.m.
9
Skin Cancer:
Save Your Skin
10 Ways to
Prevent Skin Cancer and Premature Wrinkling
1. Avoid the sun from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. (11. a.m. to 3 p.m.
Daylight Savings Time), the most intense part of the day.
2. Wear a broad hat and clothing that blocks the sun's rays.
Wet shirts and many lightweight clothes allow dangerous
rays to pass through.
3. Wear sunglasses that filter ultraviolet
(UV) light.
4. Use a sunscreen with an SPF (sun protection factor) of at
least 15. Apply 30 minutes before going out, even on
cloudy days. Reapply every two hours, especially after
swimming or perspiring.
5. Overexposure to sun in cold-weather months also poses a
risk for skin cancer. Wear sunblock and sunglasses when
outdoors for long periods at any time of the year.
6. Keep infants out of the sun. Babies less than six months old should never
wear sunscreens; their bodies can't metabolize the chemicals.
7. Apply sunscreens liberally to children over the age of six months.
8. Be aware that dark-skinned people are not immune to skin cancer. Dark skin
produces more melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color), and so it
offers more protection. However, it can still burn.
9. Do not use tanning booths. Because of high levels of UV rays, cataracts and
other eye injuries may occur when users don't wear goggles. People taking
certain antibiotics, tranquilizers, diabetic medications, or antihypertensive
drugs may burn severely after even brief exposure. In some states, tanning
booth users under 18 must have parental consent.
10. Be aware that self-tanning lotions provide a tan without UV exposure, but
they don't protect against sunburn or premature wrinkling. Self-tanning
lotions contain a safe, colorless dye known as DHA (dihydroxyacetone),
which produces a light brown "stain." They don't block or filter UV rays,
however.
10
Skin Cancer Notes - Chapter 5.3 – page 74+
Name _________________________ P. __ Date_______
(define cancer - ________________________________________________________)
I. Two categories of skin cancer
A. Nonmelanoma
1. which include __________________ and _____________________
2. and are less likely to _______________________
(define metastasize -____________________________________________________)
B. __________________
II. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
A. Begins when ______ radiation causes ______________ basal cells to form a
_______________.
(define tumor - ________________________________________________________)
B. A tumor may appear as an ___________ sore, a reddish ____________, a smooth
circular growth with a raised ___________ or a shiny __________.
C. Treatment usually involves _____________ removal of the tumor.
III. SQUAMOS CELL CARCINOMA
A. Begins in the main _____________________.
B. It is more likely to _____________ to nearby ____________.
C. Signs are the same as _________________________________.
IV. MELANOMA
A. More likely to be _____________________.
(define malignant - ________________________________________________________)
B. Begins in the ____________________ and has the appearance of an unusual ______.
C. A malignant mole may display a ___________ of shades of color and may itch or
_______.
D. Melanoma is more common in _____________ persons and people who have had
_________ sunburns as children.
1. Which type of skin is cancer is the most common?________________________
2. Which type is the deadliest and why?______________________________
3. Are tanning booths safe? Explain your answers (pg 77 can help) _______________
________________________________________________________________
11
PowerPoint Notes - Burns
A burn is tissue damage inflicted by intense ___________, electricity,
___________ or certain ___________, which __________ cell proteins
and cause cell death in the affected areas.
Degrees of burns:
1st degree burn- burns only the _____________ (e.x sunburn)
2nd degree burn- burns occur in the epidermis and some of the
_________. ______________ occurs.(ex. Grease burn, cooking)
3rd degree burn-the epidermis, dermis and _____________ are
destroyed. Damage to _________ endings (ex. exposure to direct fire)
Threat to life after severe burns is due to catastrophic loss of
____________, proteins and ______________. After this initial crisis,
_________ becomes the main threat and leading cause of ___________
among burn victims.
Fluid ______________ out of the burns causing ________________ and
electrolyte ________________.This can lead to renal failure
(____________) and circulatory shock.
Volume of fluid lost can be calculated by using the rules of
____________.
Rules of Nine-divides the body in 11 areas (each accounting for 9% of total body
area)
An adult who has been burned, the percent of the body involved can be
calculated as follows:
Head = 9%
_________ (front) = 9%
Abdomen (front) = 9%
12
Upper/mid/low back and buttocks = ____%
__________ = 9%
Each palm = 1%
____________ = 1%
Each leg = 18% total (front = 9%, back = 9%)
As an example, if both legs (18% x 2 = ____%), the groin (___%) and the
front chest and abdomen (____%) were burned, this would involve
_____% of the body.
______________ Burns-1) over ________ of body with a ______ degree burn
-2) over _________ of body with a 3rd degree burn
-3) 3rd degree burns of the face, _______ , feet
(___________ passage swelling leading to suffocation)
Treatment-Intense doses of ____________to replace electrolyte imbalance
-Nutrition through ________ or through gastric
tube to replace lost ______________.
-Placed in __________ environment
-Skin ______________ usually necessary because skin regeneration
is ____ ________ of a process
Skin grafting-synthetic (___________) epidermis is applied to affected area
-patient’s own ___________ replaces and reabsorbs the artificial
one (________________)
-epidermis from other parts of the body can be _____________,
grown in ___________ dishes and grafted onto dermal surfaces.
13
Name
Period #
Suntans and Sunburns
A Case Study in the Integumentary System
A Painful Winter Break
On the first day after arriving in Australia for winter vacation, a student plays out in the sun for
six hours. Later that night he notices that the skin on his trunk, legs and arms becomes red, swollen and
extremely painful. By morning all of the afflicted areas have developed numerous blisters. These areas
cover about 30% of the trunk (front and back) and 40% of the arms and legs.
1. What organ has been damaged?
2. What general types of tissue have been afflicted?
3. What type of burn has the student received? Explain.
4. What type of radiation has caused the burn?
5. List ALL the layers of the skin that have been damaged.
6. List ALL layers that have been killed.
7. What causes the blistering?
8. Why is this type of burn so painful (think about what is plentiful in your skin)?
14
A burn is considered critical and should receive prompt medical attention if:
> 25% of the body is covered by 2nd o burns OR > 10% of the body is covered by 3rd o burns
9. What percentage of the total body surface has been burned? Show your calculations!
10. Is the burn critical? Should the student seek medical attention?
11. List all of the body functions that may be disrupted by such a burn.
Recovery: After a few days the skin peels and the burned areas begin to heal. The student notices
that the healing areas are more susceptible to injuries due to chafing or trauma.
12. What has happened to the skin that would cause this increased susceptibility?
During the next week after the student returns to the States, his friend tells him that a sunburn
prepares his skin for a deep tan. His friend encourages him to quickly begin
tanning sessions at a local
tanning salon before the effects of the burn wear off.
13. What would you advise him to do? Why?
14. Is a deep tan a sign of skin that is healthy or severely stressed? Explain your answer.
15
CHAPTER 5 TEST REVIEW
Name _________________________P.___ Date_____________
1) ________________ is the pigment that determines skin color.
2) Skin uses the rays of the sun to form vitamin ________
3) The skin guards against the loss of body_____________
4) The skin protects against _____________light.
5) The skin does not _________________ microorganisms access to the
internal areas of the body.
6) Fat layers ______________ the body and _________glands produce sweat
which allows for evaporative cooling; these functions both help the skin to
regulate the body _____________________.
7) Another way skin regulates the body temperature is by ____________ or
constricting blood vessels
8) This skin is made of ____ main layers or regions.
9) The roots carcin-, onco- and –oma all refer to _______________
10) Hair is produced in the hair follicle which may be located in the
____________ or ___________________ _______________.
11) Another function of the skin is for ________________ reception.
12) Ultraviolet light is needed first to _____________ vitamin D?
WORD
BANK
3
Bacterial
Blistering
Cancer
Circulates
D
Dermis
Dilating
Evaporates
Fluid
Fluids
Hair
In
Increase
Insulate
Melanin
Permit
Produce
Receptors
Secrete
Sensory
Subcutaneous
layer
Sweat
Temperature
Ultraviolet
Vitamins
13) Severe burns result in __________ loss, heat loss, _________________
infection, ________________ and tissue loss.
14) The skin maintains homeostasis by providing a physical barrier, keeping innards _____, regulating
temperature, and producing _________________.
15) The roots pilo- and trich- both mean _____________
16) The following are the steps that your body goes through to maintain homeostasis on a hot day.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
______________ in skin sense the external heat and send message to brain
brain signals blood vessels in dermis to _____________ blood flow to the skin
brain stimulates sweat glands to ____________
sweat _______________ and reduces the temperature in skin and nearby blood
cooled blood _________________ through body to lower internal temperature
16
Using your skin diagram, fill-in the name of the part that fits the description
17) _____________________________ - Provides sensation and warns of danger to the skin and body.
18) ____________________________ - Provides oxygen to the skin and functions as a heat regulation
device by dilating and constricting.
19) _____________________________ - Provides sebum to make the skin waterproof.
20) _____________________________ - Holds the hair follicle in place and causes it to stand on end (like
with goosebumps).
Use Word Bank terms for the rest of the fill-in.
WORD
BANK
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Adipose
Antibiotics
Athlete’s foot
Body
Burn
Cancer
Chemotherapy
Clotted
Cloudy
Elastic
Heal
Heat
Malignant
Melanin
Melanocytes
Melanoma
Metastasis
Mole
Radiation
Scab
Separate
Surgery
21) Both ____________ __________ and ringworm are skin disorders caused by
fungi.
22) The skin is divided into segments of 9% each. The number of segments damaged
gives the severity of a ______________.
23) Each type of cancer is named for where it is in the __________.
24) A ___ degree burn damages all layers of skin but is not painful.
25) A ___ degree burn is painful, red but not blistered.
26) A ___ degree burn extends through all layers of tissue to the bone below.
27) A ____ degree burn produces raised tissue and fluid-filled blisters.
28) The purpose of a ______ is to keep the blood __________, act as a band aid,
prevent further damage to tissue, and to allow the tissue to _________ as normally
as possible.
29) _____________________ is commonly used to treat cancer when cancer is located in
one spot on which it is difficult to operate.
30) _________________ is spread of cancer beyond the original tumor, usually
making it fatal.
31) ___________________ is used to treat cancer when it is widespread through out
the body.
32) ____________________ is the most common treatment for tumors located in nonvital areas.
33) Aging usually shows most in the skin as the epidermis and dermis begin to
_____________ (sagging), fewer __________ fibers remain(wrinkles), fewer
blood vessels remain (more cold) and less ___________ tissue remains (more
cold).
34) The most deadly, or ________________, cancer is _______________, which often shows up as an
unusual __________.
35) Although we don’t feel UV radiation as ______________, it can cause skin damage even on cold or
_____________ days. UV radiation tans the skin when it triggers the ________________ to produce
more ___________. UV exposure can lead to skin ____________.
36) Be careful when taking ________________ because they can make your skin more sensitive to the sun.
- Reminder- Skin diagram will be on test, study the parts again.
17