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Engage Assignment
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Define the following terms
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alveoli
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bronchi
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bronchiole
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cellular respiration
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cilia
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Objectives
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Information
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Label a diagram of the respiratory system
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List 5 functions of the nasal cavity
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Identify the three sections of the pharynx
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Explain how the larynx helps create sound and speech
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Consists of the lungs and the air passages
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Function
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taking oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide
from the body
Structures
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Compare the process of inspiration and expiration,
including the muscle action that occurs during each process
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Differentiate between external and internal respiration
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connected to the nasal cavities by short ducts
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lined with mucous membranes to warm and moisten the
air
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provide resonance for the voice
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Pharynx (throat)
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begins directly behind the nasal cavities
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divided into three sections
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2 openings called nostrils or nares divided by the nasal septum
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nasal cavities are the hollow spaces lined with mucous
membranes
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warms, filters and moistens air as it comes in
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nasopharynx
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cilia move trapped particles and mucous to the back of the
throat to be swallowed
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oropharynx
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olfactory receptors are located in nasal cavities to detect smells
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laryngopharynx
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nasolacrimal duct directs tears to the nose to moisturize
Describe at least 5 diseases of the respiratory system
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cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area
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❖ Nose
Describe the function of the epiglottis
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The body has only a 4-6 minute supply of oxygen
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Sinuses
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Engage Assignment
Larynx: (voicebox)
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separates the pharynx from the trachea
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protected by 9 layers of cartilage (adam’s apple)
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contains two folds called vocal cords
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Define the following terms
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epiglottis
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expiration
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opening between the folds is called the glottis
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external respiration
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when air leaves the trachea it vibrates the cords to produce sound
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inspiration
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the epiglottis covers the larynx during swallowing
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internal respiration
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Bronchi
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right and left divisions branching off of the trachea
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each one enters the lung and carries air from the trachea
into the lung
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each one branches into smaller passages called
bronchioles
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Homework
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Study picture for future quiz
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Trachea (windpipe)
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the tube extending from the larynx to the center of the
chest
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protected by c-shaped cartilage
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branches off into right and left sides
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Alveoli
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grape-like bubbles on the end of the bronchiole
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contain a network of capillaries
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place where oxygen goes into bloodstream and carbon
dioxide leaves the blood stream
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lined with a fatty substance called surfactant to keep
them from collapsing
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Diseases and Abnormal
Conditions
Process of Breathing
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Lungs
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right side has 3 lobes; upper, middle, lower
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left side has 2 lobes; upper and lower
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enclosed in a sac called the pleura to prevent friction
with breathing movements
Ventilation = the process of breathing
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Inspiration = air entering the lungs
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Expiration = air exiting the lungs
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Respiration = exchange of gases
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Homework
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usually caused by a sensitivity to an allergen
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causes bronchospasm (narrowing of air passage) and
increased mucus (clogs airway)
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symptoms = dyspnea (difficulty breathing), wheezing,
coughing and tightness of the chest
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treatment = medication called bronchodilator,
antihistamines, oxygen, steroids, avoidance of allergens
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Stages of Respiration
Study for a quiz tomorrow
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External respiration = gas exchange in the lungs between the
alveoli and blood stream
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Internal respiration = gas exchange between the capillaries
and the cells in the tissues of the body
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Cellular respiration = the process where cells use oxygen and
nutrients to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
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Engage Assignment
Engage Assignment
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Asthma
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Define the following terms
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larynx
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lungs
Bronchitis
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inflammation of the bronchi usually caused by infection
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symptoms = (acute bronchitis) cough, chest pain, fever;
(chronic bronchitis) productive cough, wheeze, chest
pain, prolonged exhalation
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treatment = antibiotics, bronchodilators
Label the Respiratory System Quiz
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nasal cavities
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nasal septum
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nose
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Emphysema
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noninfectious, chronic respiratory condition
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the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity
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carbon dioxide gets trapped in the alveoli and gas exchange is very poor
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causes = smoking and heavy pollution
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symptoms = feeling of suffocation, barrel chest, chronic cough, cyanosis,
rapid respirations
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Lung Cancer
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leading cause of cancer death in both men and women
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preventable - main cause is exposure to carcinogens from tobacco
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infection in the lungs causing a buildup of mucous in the
alveoli
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symptoms = early stages....none; later stages...chronic cough,
coughing up blood, difficulty breathing, fatigue, weight loss, and
chest pain.
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symptoms = chills, fever, chest pain, productive cough,
difficulty breathing, fatigue
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treatment = antibiotics, bronchodilators
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prognosis is poor because it is hard to catch early
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treatment = surgical removal of cancerous sections, chemotherapy,
radiation
treatment = no cure, oxygen therapy, treatment of infections,
respiratory therapy, no smoking
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Pneumonia
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Tuberculosis
Epistaxis
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nosebleed
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cause can be injury, irritation from allergens, high blood
pressure, or blood disorder
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treatment = pinch the nose tight for 3-5 minutes, lean
forward, cold compress if needed; sometimes needs to be
cauterized
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infectious disease caused by a specific bacteria
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white blood cells gather around the bacteria forming tubercles in the
lung
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can lie dormant until the person’s immune system goes down due to
other factors
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an active case causes productive cough, fatigue, fever, night sweats,
weight loss, blood-tinged sputum, and chest pain
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treatment = antibiotics and rest
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Engage Assignment
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Laryngitis
Pleurisy
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inflammation of the vocal cords and larynx
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usually caused by upper respiratory infection
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symptoms = hoarseness, loss of voice, sore throat
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treatment = rest, fluids, limited voice usage
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inflammation of the pleura usually caused by pneumonia
symptoms = sharp, stabbing pain while breathing,
difficulty breathing, fever
treatment = rest and medications to relieve pain and
inflammation, thoracentesis if severe swelling/
inflammation
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Define the following terms
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pharynx
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respiration
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respiratory system
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sinuses
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trachea
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ventilation
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