Download Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

Major Phylum
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Questions
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1.  From what type of thought did the previous chart
come from?
2.  How does that chart relate to the Cambrian
Explosion?
3.  Are there any other key points that you noticed?
4.  (i.e. What was the fine print? What does it mean?...
and what type of thought, presupposition, or
worldview does it come from?
Major Phylum
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™ Evolution worldview
™ All major phyla (i.e.
body types present
after the Cambrian
explosion
™ Looks to embryology
for similar development
(i.e. homology), an
ICON of Evolution
Key Point #1
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™ True tissues versus - No true tissues
™ What is the definition of a tissue?
™ Tissues are cells working together to perform a
function
™ So what does this say about the sponges?
Key Point #2
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™ Bilateral symmetry versus – Radial symmetry
™ What is the difference?
™ bilateral symmetry: body plan in which an animal
can be divided into two equal sides
™ radial symmetry: body plan in which an organism
can be divided into equal parts around a central axis
Bilateral Symmetry
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Radial Symmetry
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Radial Symmetry
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Key Point #3
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™ Prostostome versus Deuterostome
™ protostome: member of a group of organisms with a
coelom that develops from a solid cell mass in the
embryo, such as mollusks, annelids, and arthropods
™ deuterostome: member of a group of organisms that
includes echinoderms and chordates in which the
coelom forms from part of the early embryo's
digestive tube
Prostostome versus
Deutrostome
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Embryonic
Development
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™ blastula: embryonic stage in most animals consisting
of a single layer of cells surrounding a hollow cavity
™ gastrula: emybronic stage following the blastula that
has an inner and outer cell layer
™ Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm – represent the
further differentiation of the embryo into an inner
(endoderm), middle (mesoderm) and outer
(ectoderm) layer of cells.
What is a Coelom?
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™ You have seen it before…
™ …in the earthworm (Phylum Annelida)
™ Coelom – a fluid filled body cavity lined by a layer of
mesoderm cells
Ectoderm, Mesoderm,
Endoderm
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Animal Kingdom
Characteristics
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™ What characteristics do
animals share?
Animal Characteristics
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™ Cellular characteristics?
™ Organizational characteristics?
™ Nutrition characteristics?
™ Energy characteristics?
Animal Kingdom
Characteristics compared
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Planerian
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A Planarian is an
invertebrate
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™ invertebrate: member of a group of animals without
a backbone
™ vertebrate: animal with a backbone