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PHYS 101 EQUATION SHEET 2 - HEAT ,WAVES, SOUND, ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM,LIGHT
TEMPERATURE AND HEAT
∆L=(thermal exp. coeff.)(L )(∆T) Q = (m)(specific heat cap.)(∆T)
Qmelt = (m)(heat of melting)
Specific heat cap. of water 4.2 kJ/(kg•°C) = 1 cal/(g•°C)
Qvaporization = (m)(heat of vaporization)
Heat of melting of ice = 334 kJ/kg = 80 cal/g Heat of vaporization of water = 2260 kJ/kg = 540 cal/g
Thermodynamics, Thermal Conduction, Thermal Radiation:
First Law of Thermo: Qin = ∆(int. energy) +Wby
Second Law: Entropy cannot be destroyed
Heat Engines
emax = 1 - (Tc/Th)
Efficiency e = W/Qh
WAVES AND SOUND
Waves:
Wave speed vw = λf
Frequency f = (1/T)
Sound:
Doppler Shift – Source & observer approaching, fobs>fsource; Source & observer separating, fobs<fsource
Electricity & Magnetism
Current I = q/∆t
Coulomb’s Law F = (kq1q2/d2) Electric work W = qV
Ohm’s Law I = V/R
Electric Power P = IV
Faraday’s Law: Induced Voltage proportional to (# loops)(area of each loop)(magnetic field change per s)
Lenz’s Law: Induced current in a loop will flow in the direction that opposes any change in magnetic field
through the loop
Light and Optics
c = Speed of light in vacuum c’ = Speed of light in material, c’<c Index of refraction n = c/c’
Law of reflection: Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection; Refraction: Ray bends toward normal for > n
QUANTITY
SYMBOL
UNIT OR VALUE COMMENTS
Temperature
T
K or °C
Linear expansion coefficient
K-1 or °C-1
Specific Heat capacity
J/(kg•K) or J/(kg•°C) or cal/(g•°C)
Heat
Q
J
Heat of Melting/Vaporization
J/kg or cal/g
Thermal Conductivity
Entropy
Internal Energy
J
Period
T
s
Frequency
f
Hz
Hz = s-1
Wavelength
λ
m
Wave velocity
v or vw
m/s
vw = 340 m/s, sound in 20°C air
Amplitude
m, Pa, etc.
Electric Charge
q
C
Electron Charge
e
1.6x10-19C
Electric Field
E
Electric Potential Energy
J
Electric Potential (Voltage) V
V
1 V = 1 J/C
Current
I
A
1A = 1C/s
Resistance
R
Ohm (Ω)
Magnetic Field
8
Speed of Light
c or c’
c = 3.0 x 10 m/s in vacuum
Index of refraction
n
(speed of light in vacuum)/(speed of light in material)
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