Download Name___________________________ Period____________

Name___________________________ Period____________
Atmosphere Unit Review
Chapter 15- Earth’s Atmosphere
Facts/Terms:
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___________________________________________ the layer of air that surrounds earth
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Made of gases:
– Mostly __________________________________- 78%
– Then ________________________________________- 21%
– _______________________________________- 1% (total)
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water vapor, carbon dioxide, argon, etc.
It can change suddenly by events such as: _________________________________, ______________,
or ______________________________
Atmosphere Characteristics- can vary from place to place on Earth
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_____________________________________– Distance above sea level
– Higher up in altitude further away from Earth’s ____________
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______________________________________– The amount of mass in a given volume
– Atmosphere is most __________________ closest to earth’s surface (low altitude)
– Atmosphere gets less and less dense as you ________________ ____________ in altitude
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___________________________________– The lower the altitude, the __________________ the temperature
– As you get higher is altitude the ________________________ decreases
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____________________________________– Is the force exerted by moving air molecules
– The lower the altitude, the ________________________the pressure
– As you get higher in altitude, the pressure __________________________
– Measured using a __________________________________
Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere
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Heat=_________________________________
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Heat initially comes from the _____________________________
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3 ways of heat transfer
– __________________________________- heat energy that travels from the sun to Earth and
heats up Earth’s surface
– ___________________________________- heat energy transfers from Earth’s surface to the
atmosphere directly above it through direct contact
– ___________________________________- the molecules in the atmosphere move faster when
heated by conduction and spread out. This creates an air mass that is less dense and it gets
pushed upwards by the denser, colder air mass from above as it moves down.
Layers of the atmosphere
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________________________________________
– Closest to earth’s surface
– Warmest
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________________________________________
– Air gets thinner as you move away from Earth’s surface
– Ozone layer located here
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______________________________________
– Temperature decreases as you move away from Earth’s surface
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____________________________________
– Closest layer to space, furthest from Earth’s surface
Gases in the Atmosphere Absorb Radiation
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____________________________ comes from the sun
– Ultraviolet
– Infrared
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Ozone
– Ozone molecule O3
– Located in the _____________________________
– Absorbs ___________________________ ______________________
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Greenhouse effect
– Greenhouse gases- __________________________, ___________________________,
___________________________, ____________________________
– These gases act like a blanket that keep in reflected ____________________ _______________
(heat).
– Keeps Earth warm
– If there are too many greenhouse gases, artificially put into the atmosphere (pollution), then
Earth becomes too warm.
Chapter 16- Weather Patterns
Facts/Terms:
•
_______________________________________________- the condition of the Earth’s atmosphere at a
particular time and place
•
_______________________________________________
– Air that moves horizontally
– Moves from higher pressure towards lower pressure
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____________________ _____________________Travel thousands of km in a steady
pattern, last for weeks, created by uneven heating of Earth’s surface
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____________________________- cause global winds to curve because of Earth’s
rotation
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____________________________- quickly moving winds that flow in the upper
troposphere
– _____________________________________________ Change daily in a regular pattern,
caused by the different heating and cooling rates of land and water, sea breezes, mountain
breezes
•
______________________________- when higher temperature causes liquid water to turn to a gas
(water vapor)
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______________________________- when water vapor (gas) loses energy (becomes colder) and turns
back into a liquid
– This forms clouds when water vapor condenses on solid particles in the atmosphere
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______________________________- when the liquid or solid water in the atmosphere combine and
become heavy enough to fall to Earth’s surface
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_____________________________- The amount of water vapor in the air
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_____________________________- when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal
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_______________ _____________- the temperature at which air with a given amount of water vapor
will reach saturation
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_______________ _______________- is a percent to represent the comparison of the amount of water
vapor in the air with the amount of water vapor needed for saturation for that particular temperature
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_____________- a cloud that rests on the ground
Clouds
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form as warm air ______________________ and then _____________________ to its dew point
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Once cooled to dew point the water vapor ____________________________ into tiny water droplets
and ice crystals, this happens on tiny __________________ _____________________ in the
atmosphere
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If the water droplets or ice crystals combine to become _________________________ enough, they will
fall to earth as ___________________________________________________
Precipitation
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Types
– _______________________
– _______________________
– _______________________
– _______________________
– _______________________
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Acid Rain
– rain that has become much more acidic than normal because of _______________________.
– Can fall ___________________________________ from source of pollution
– Is harmful to _____________________, lakes and __________________________
– Can damage buildings or other structures
Chapter 17- Weather Fronts and Storms
Facts/Terms:
•
_______________________________________ -large volume of air with same characteristics
(temperature and humidity) in different areas.
– Types of air masses
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___________________________________- form over land; dry
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___________________________________- form over water; moist
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___________________________________- form near equator; warm
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___________________________________- form far from equator; cold
– Air masses move with global winds.
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If two different air masses meet the boundary between them is called a _________________________
– ____________________ front- when a cold air mass moves into a warm one. Pushes the warm
air up and created tall clouds with brief heavy storms
– ____________________front- when a warm air mass moves into a cold one. The warm air
slowly rises over the cold and creates flat clouds than can create many hours of rain or snow
– ____________________ front- when air masses first meet or when a cold or warm front stops
moving. Can create a cover of clouds for days at a time
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________________________-Pressure Systems– Formed when air moves around a high pressure center (the air sinks slowly down and moves
outward to areas of lower pressure)
– Generally brings ____________________ skies and _________________ air or _____________
breezes
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_____________________-Pressure Systems– Large weather system that surrounds a center of low pressure (begins as air moves around and
inward toward the lowest pressure and then up to higher altitudes)
– Creates very _______________________________ weather
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______________________________-high winds and rain that get their energy from the
warm tropical ocean waters. Eye of a hurricane is the center and is calm because air
moves downward.
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______________________________ – blizzards, lake-effect snowstorms and ice storms
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____________________________- forms when warm humid air rises up quickly. Effects
of thunderstorms are flash floods, winds, hair and lightning.
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___________________________- form in severe thunderstorms and most occur in North
America
Chapter 18- Climate and Climate Change
Facts/Terms:
•
_____________________________________- the characteristics weather conditions in a place over a
long period. Determined by temperature and precipitation patterns.
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Climate can be determined by:
– ___________________________________- closer to the equator=warmer, further from the
equator=colder.
– __________________________________- closer to sea level=warmer, further from sea
level=colder
– __________________________________•
Marine Climates- occur near the _______________________, usually west coasts of
continents. Winds blowing over oceans bring _________________ climate conditions to
these west coasts.
•
Continental climates- occur in the ____________________________ of continents,
away from water, and weather patterns can _______________. There is a big difference
between daytime and nighttime temperatures and winter and summer temperatures
– Ocean Currents- affect climate by transferring __________________________ from one part
of an ocean to another
Climates can change suddenly or slowly
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____________________________________- climates can cool when particles block sunlight (volcanic
eruption, large space objects hitting Earth’s surface)
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____________________________________- Climates can change as continents move the things that
determine climate (latitude, altitude, etc.) change as continents move
Climate changes may repeat over time
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Ice ages
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El Niño
Human activity can change climate
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_________________________________- a global rise in temperature at a faster rate than normal due to
human activities that release excess greenhouse gases.