Download ® Cell membrane • Structure: It is the outermost structure in cells that

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Cell membrane
• Structure: It is the outermost
structure in cells that lack a
cell wall. Contains two layers
of phospholipids. The
phospholipid has a
hydrophilic head and a
hydrophobic tail.
• Function: It is a protective
barrier that encloses a cell. It
separates the cell’s contents
from the cell’s environment. It
controls what comes into and
out of the cell
(semipermeable).
Cell wall
• Structure: A rigid structure
made of cellulose that
surrounds the cell membrane.
• Function: It provides support
and protection to the cell.
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Chloroplasts
• Structure: It has two
membranes. They are green
because they contain the
green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is found in the
inside the inner membrane.
• Function: Performs
photosynthesis, which is the
process by which plants use
sunlight, CO2, and water to
make sugar (food) and
oxygen. Chlorophyll traps the
energy of the sunlight to make
sugar.
Chromatin
• Structure: It is a combination
of DNA and protein. It is
located in the nucleus.
• Function: It packages the DNA
into a smaller volume so it fits
in the nucleus
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Cytoplasm
• Structure: It is a gel-like fluid
found throughout the entire cell
where the organelles are found.
• Function: It constantly is moving,
which moves the cell. It also helps
move materials inside of the cell.
ER
• Structure: It is a system of folded
membranes that is found in the
cytoplasm. It is either rough or
smooth. Rough ER is covered in
ribosomes, and is found near the
nucleus. Smooth ER lacks
ribosomes.
• Function: It is the “delivery
system” of the cell.
Materials/substances move
through the ER to different places
in the cell. It assists in the
production, processing, and
transport of proteins and in the
production of lipids.
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Golgi Bodies
• Structure: It looks like the smooth
ER, folded membrane.
• Function: It is the cell’s
“mailroom”. Lipids and proteins
from the ER are delivered here.
The lipids and proteins may be
modified to do different jobs. Final
products are enclosed in a piece
of Golgi bodies’ membrane. Is
transported to other parts of the
cell or outside of the cell. Forms
vesicle
Lysosome
• Structure: Vesicle that contains
proteins and enzymes.
• Function: t is the cell’s “clean-up
crew”. They destroy worn-out or
damaged organelles, get rid of
waste material, and protect the
cell from foreign invaders.
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Nucleus
• Structure: Large organelle that has
two membranes. There are pores
in the membranes that allow
materials to pass in and out of the
cell.
• Function: DNA is found in the
nucleus. It is the “brain” of the cell.
It directs all of the cells activities.
Nucleolus
• Structure: It is the dark region in
the nucleus.
• Function: The location where the
cell begins to make ribosomes.
Nuclear membrane
• Structure: It is two membranes that
surround the nucleus. It has pores.
• Function: It allows materials to
pass in and out of the nucleus.
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Ribosome
• Structure: The smallest organelle
made of RNA and protein.
• Function: They synthesize protein.
They are little factories that make
protein.
Vacuole
• Structure: It is a membranous sac.
Large central vacuole is in plant
cells and takes up a large region
of space in the cell.
• Function: It acts as the cell
“storage unit”. It stores water and
other materials that the cell needs.
Central vacuoles help support the
cell.
Mitochondrion
• Structure: Organelle that has two
membranes. The outer membrane
surrounds the organelle and the
inner membrane is a folded
membrane.
• Function: It is the “powerhouse” of
the cell. It takes sugar and makes
ATP.
1.
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4.
What cell parts do
animal cells have that
plant cells do not have?
What cell parts do plant
cells have that animal
cells do not have?
Why do plant cells have
cell walls and animal
cells do not?
Why do you think plant
cells have bigger
vacuoles than animal
cells?
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3.
4.
Animal cells have
lysosomes, but plant cells
do not.
Plant cells have cell walls
and chloroplasts, but animal
cells do not.
Cell walls are supporting
structures that help the plant
to have a fixed shape, and
protect it from injury. Animal
cells, on the other hand, do
not need the supporting
structure of a cell wall
because animals have a
skeletal system.
When you water a plant, the
water collects in the vacuole
and makes it stiff. This is
why plants wilt if they don't
get enough water.