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Chapter 1 Introduction and Research Methods
Key Terms
Psychology
Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Humanistic Psychology
Culture
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Ethnocentrism
Individualistic Cultures
Evolutionary Psychology
Collectivistic Cultures
Scientific Method
Critical Thinking
Empirical Evidence
Hypothesis
Variable
Operational Definition
Statistics
Statistically Significant
Meta-analysis
Replicate
Theory
Descriptive Methods
Naturalistic Observation
Case Study
Survey
Sample
Representative Sample
Random Selection
Correlation Study
Positive Correlation
Negative Correlation
Experimental Method
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Random Assignment
Experimental Group
Control Group
Placebo Control Group
Expectancy Effects
Double-blind Study
Demand Characteristics
Pseudoscience
Paranormal Phenomena
Rule of Falsifiability
Illusory Correlation
People
Mary Calkins
Charles Darwin
Sigmund Freud
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Abraham Maslow
Ivan Pavlov
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Edward Titchener
Margaret Floy Washburn
John Watson
Wilhelm Wundt
Chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior
Key Terms
Biological Psychology
Neuroscience
Neuron
Glial Cells
Sensory Neuron
Motor Neuron
Interneuron
Cell Body
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Action Potential
Stimulus Threshold
Resting Potential
All-or-None Response
Synapse
Synaptic Gap
Axon Terminals
Synaptic Vesicles
Neurotransmitters
Synaptic Transmission
Reuptake
Aceylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
GABA
Endorphins
Nervous system
Nerves
Central Nervous System
Spinal Reflexes
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Endocrine System
Hormones
Pituitary Gland
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Cortex
Gonads
Phrenology
PET scan
MRI
fMRI
Cognitive Neuroscience
Neurogenesis
Brainstem
Hindbrain
Medulla
Pons
Cerebullum
Reticular Formation
Midbrain
Substantia Nigra
Forbrain
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Hemispheres
Corpus Callosum
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Partial Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Limbic System
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Amygdala
Lateraliziation of Function
Split Brain operation
Structural Plasticity
People
Pierre Paul Broca
Roger Sperry
Karl Wernicke
Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception
Key Terms
Sensation
Perception
Sensory Receptors
Transduction
Absolute Threshold
Difference Threshold
Weber’s Law
Sensory Adaptation
Subliminal Perception
Wavelength
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
Iridology
Lens
Accommodation
Retina
Rods
Cones
Fovea
Optic Disc
Blind Spot
Ganglion Cells
Bipolar Cells
Optic Nerve
Optic Chiasm
Color
Hue
Saturation
Brightness
Trichromatic Theory of Color Blindness
Colorblindness
Afterimage
Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision
Audition
Loudness
Amplitude
Decibel
Pitch
Frequency
Timbre
Outer Ear
Eardrum
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Cochlea
Basilar Membrane
Hair Cells
Frequency Theory
Place Theory
Olfaction
Gustation
Olfactory Bulb
Pheromones
Taste Buds
Pain
Gate-Control Theory
Substance P
Kinesthetic Sense
Proprioceptors
Vestibular Sense
Extrasensory Perception
Parapsychology
Bottom-Up Processing
Top-Down Processing
Gestalt psychology
Figure-Ground Relationship
Depth Perception
Monocular Cues
Binocular Cues
Perceptual Constancy
Shape Constancy
Size Constancy
Brightness Constancy
Brightness Constancy
Perceptual Illusion
Muller-Lyer Illusion
Moon Illusion
Perceptual Set
Key People
Karl Duncker
Max Werthemier
Chapter 4 Consciousness and Its Variations
Key Terms
Consciousness
Circadian Rhythm
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
Melatonin
Electroencephalograph
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
REM Sleep
NREM Sleep
Beta Brain Waves
Alpha Brain Waves
Hypnagogic Hallucinations
Sleep Spindles
K Complexes
REM Rebound
Restorative Theory of Sleep
Adaptive Theory of Sleep
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Restless Legs Syndrome
Sleep Apnea
Sleepwalking
Night Terrors
Parasomnias
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Narcolepsy
Sleep Thinking
Nightmare
Manifest Content
Latent Content
Active-Synthesis Model of Dreaming
Hypnosis
Posthypnotic Suggestion
Posthypnotic Amnesia
Hyperamnesia
Dissociation
Neodissociation Theory of Hypnosis
Hidden Observer
Meditation
Psychoactive Drug
Physical Dependence
Drug Tolerance
Withdraw Symptoms
Drug Rebound Effect
Drug Abuse
Depressants
Barbiturates
Tranquilizers
Inhalants
Opiates
Stimulants
Caffeine
Nicotine
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Stimulant-Induced Psychosis
Psychedelic Drugs
Mescaline
LSD
Marijuana
MDMA
Dissociative Anesthetics
Sleep Inertia
Key People
Sigmund Freud
Ernest Hilgard
J. Allen Hobson
William James
Chapter 5 Learning
Key Terms
Learning
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Stimulus Generalization
Stimulus Discrimination
Extinction (in CC)
Spontaneous Recovery
Behaviorism
Placebo Response
Conditioned Compensatory Response (CCR)
Taste Aversion
Biological Preparedness
Law of Effect
Operant
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Primary Reinforcer
Conditioned Reinforcer
Punishment
Positive Punishment (Punishment by Application)
Negative Punishment (Punishment by Removal)
Discriminative Stimulus
Operant Chamber (Skinner Box)
Shaping
Continuous Reinforcement
Partial Reinforcement
Extinction (in OC)
Partial Reinforcement Effect
Schedule of Reinforcement
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
Variable-Ratio Schedule
Fixed-Interval Schedule
Variable-Interval Schedule
Behavior Modification
Cognitive Map
Latent Learning
Learned Helplessness
Instinctive Drift
Observational Learning
Key People
Albert Bandura
John Garcia
Ivan Pavlov
Robert Rescorla
Shepard Siegel
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
Edward Tolman
John Watson
Chapter 6 Memory
Key Terms
Memory
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Stage Model of Memory
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
Maintenance Rehearsal
Chunking
Elaborative Rehearsal
Levels-of-Processing Framework
Procedural Memory
Episodic Memory
Semantic Memory
Explicit Memory
Implicit Memory
Clustering
Semantic Network Model
Retrieval
Retrieval Cue
Retrieval Cue Failure
Tip-of-the-Tongue Experience
Recall
Cued Recall
Recognition
Serial Position Effect
Encoding Specificity Principle
Context Effect
State-Dependent Retrieval
Moon Congruence
Flashbulb Memory
Schema
Source Confusion
Cryptomnesia
Misinformation Effect
Forgetting
Encoding Failure
Interference Theory
Retroactive Interference
Proactive Interference
Motivated Forgetting
Suppression
Repression
Decay Theory
Memory Trace
Long-Term Potentiation
Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia
Memory Consolidation
Anterograde Amnesia
Key People
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Eric Kandel
Karl Lashley
Elizabeth Loftus
George Sperling
Richard Thompson
Chapter 7 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Key Terms
Cognition
Thinking
Mental Image
Concept
Formal Concept
Natural Concept
Prototype
Problem Solving
Trial and Error
Algorithm
Heuristic
Insight
Intuition
Functional Fixedness
Mental Set
Availability Heuristic
Representative Heuristic
Language
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Animal Cognition
Intelligence
Mental Age
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Achievement Test
Aptitude Test
Standardization
Normal Curve (Normal Distribution)
Reliability
Validity
g Factor (General Intelligence)
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Heritability
Stereotype Threat
Creativity
Key People
Alfred Binet
Howard Gardner
Charles Spearman
Robert Sternberg
Lewis Terman
Louis Thurstone
David Wechsler
Chapter 13 Stress, Health, and Coping
Key Terms
Stress
Health Psychology
Biopsychosocial Model
Stressors
Daily Hassles
Conflict
Acculturative Stress
Fight-or-Flight Response
Catecholamines
General Adaptation Syndrome
Corticosteriods
Immune System
Lymphocytes
Psychoneuroimmunology
Optimistic Explanatory Style
Pessimistic Explanatory Style
Type A Behavior Pattern
Social Support
Coping
Problem-Focused Coping
Emotion-Focused Coping
Key People
Robert Ader
Walter Cannon
Janice Kiecolt-Glaser
Richard Lazarus
Martin Seligman
Hans Selye
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