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Pronunciation Key
Chapter 3
SYMBOL
m
S
SX
X
Xw
GM
SfX
s2
s
s2
s
CV
sk
MEANING
Population mean
Operation of adding
Adding a group of values
Sample mean
Weighted mean
Geometric mean
Adding the product of the frequencies and the class midpoints
Population variance
Population standard deviation
Sample Variance
Standard Deviation
Coefficient of Variation
Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness
PRONUNCIATION
mu
sigma
sigma X
X bar
X bar sub w
GM
sigma f X
sigma squared
sigma
s2
s
CV
sk
Sf X 2
Sum of the product of the class midpoints squared and the
class frequency
Location of percentile
First quartile
Third quartile
sigma f X squared
Lp
Q1
Q3
L sub p
Q sub 1
Q sub 3
Chapter 4
SYMBOL
P(A)
P(,A)
P(A and B)
P(A or B)
P(AuB)
P
n r
MEANING
Probability of A
Probability of not A
Probability of A and B
Probability of A or B
Probability of A given B has happened
Permutation of n items selected r at a time
PRONUNCIATION
P of A
P of not A
P of A and B
P of A or B
P of A given B
Pnr
Cr
n!
Combination of n items selected r at a time
Product of all positive integers # n
Cnr
n factorial
n
Chapter 7
SYMBOL
mX
sX
sX
sp
MEANING
Mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
Population standard error of the sample mean
Estimate of the standard error of the sample mean
Population standard error of the sample proportion
PRONUNCIATION
mu sub X bar
sigma sub X bar
s sub X bar
sigma sub p bar
Chapter 8
SYMBOL
sX
sp
sp
sx
MEANING
Standard error of the sample means
Standard error of the population proportion
Standard error of the sample proportion
Sample standard deviation of the sample means
PRONUNCIATION
sigma sub X bar
sigma sub p
s sub p
s sub X bar
1
2
Pronunciation Key
Chapter 9
SYMBOL
H0
H1
MEANING
PRONUNCIATION
Null hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis
H sub zero
H sub one
Chapter 10
SYMBOL
pc
s2p
X1
X2
d
sd
MEANING
Pooled proportion
Pooled sample variance
Mean of the first sample
Mean of the second sample
Mean of the difference between dependent observations
Standard deviation of the difference between dependent observations
PRONUNCIATION
p sub c
s sub p squared
X bar sub 1
X bar sub 2
d bar
s sub d
Chapter 11
SYMBOL
SS total
SST
SSE
T 2c
nc
MSE
MEANING
Sum of squares total
Sum of squares treatment
Sum of squares error
Column totals squared
Number of observations in each treatment
Mean square error
PRONUNCIATION
S S total
SST
SSE
T sub c squared
n sub c
MSE
Chapter 12
SYMBOL
SXY
r
Y9
Se
r2
MEANING
Sum of the products of X and Y
Coefficient of correlation in the population
Estimated value of Y
Standard error of estimate
Coefficient of determination
PRONUNCIATION
Sum X Y
Rho
Y prime
S sub e
r square
Chapter 13
SYMBOL
b1
bk
se ? 12 ... k
R2
MEANING
Regression coefficient for the first independent variable
Regression coefficient for any independent variable
Multiple standard error of estimate
Coefficient of multiple determination
PRONUNCIATION
b sub 1
b sub k
s sub e 1,2 ... k
R squared
Chapter 14
SYMBOL
x2
fo
fe
MEANING
Probability distribution
Observed frequency
Expected frequency
PRONUNCIATION
ki square
f sub oh
f sub e
3
Pronunciation Key
Chapter 15
SYMBOL
p0
p1
pt
MEANING
PRONUNCIATION
base period of a value
given or selected period of a value
current period of a value
p sub 0
p sub 1
p sub t
Chapter 17
SYMBOL
EMV(Ai)
P(Sj)
V(Ai, Sj )
EOL(Ai)
R(Ai, Sj)
MEANING
Expected monetary value of decision alternative, i
Probability of states of nature
Value of payoffs resulting from combination of decision alternative
and a state of nature
Expected opportunity loss for a particular decision alternative
Regret or loss for a particular combination
of a state of nature and a decision alternative
PRONUNCIATION
EMV A sub i
P S sub j
V A sub i, S sub j
EOL A sub i
R A sub i, S sub j