Download Biology Notes: DNA and Replication

Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Biology Notes: DNA and Replication Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Defined: ____________________ that ____________________ genetic information • Monomer: _________________________ • ____________________ of ____________________ bond to make ________________________________ • Gene: ____________________ of ____________ that holds instructions to build a ____________________ Nucleotide Structure • Three parts – ____________________ molecule – ____________________ group – ____________________ base (________, T, ________, or G) • Nucleotides combine to make ____________________ • ________ pairs with T • C pairs with ________ Nucleotides • _______________________ (Deoxyrib__________) connects with the ________________________ group • 4 Different Bases: – _______________________ (A) – _______________________ (T) – _______________________ (G) – _______________________ (C) • Chargaff’s Rules: – Rule: A always joins with ________ – Rule: ________ always joins with G • Human DNA: ~3 ________________________ pairs Double Helix • James __________________ and Francis _________________ identified DNA’s __________________________ in 1953 • Double Helix: ___________________________ shape of DNA • Nucleotide strands are connected by a ____________________ bond DNA Replication • Defined: Process of ____________________________ DNA – During interphase (______________________) • Step 1: DNA ____________________ “un__________” the two DNA strands (breaks the ______________) • Step 2: ____________________ floating ____________________ (A, T, C, G) _______________________ • Step 3: DNA Polymerase ____________________ the two strands •
Both DNA molecules are identical – Both DNA molecules contain one ____________________ strand and one ______________ strand – This is called the: _________________________________ model Accuracy and Repair • Mutation: ____________________ in DNA ____________________ • Mutations can be ____________________ – ____________________ “proofreads” DNA and check/correct ____________________ • Pre‐repair: 1 in ____________________ nucleotides has an error • Post‐repair: 1 in 1 ____________________ nucleotides has an error Review 1) Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide: a) ____________________________ b) ____________________________ c) ____________________________ 2) Name the four nitrogen bases: a) ____________________________ b) ____________________________ c) ____________________________ d) ____________________________ 3) List Chargaff’s Rules _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4) Fill in the missing DNA nucleotides: A C __ T __ __ __ G C T __ __ A __ C __ T T __ __ C __ T A T __ __ __ C A __ G __ G __ __ 5) List what takes place during the three stages of DNA replication. a) ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) ____________________________________________________________________________________ c) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6) What type of organic molecules are DNA helicase and DNA polymerase? ____________________________ 7) Why is DNA replication considered semiconservative? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 8) Where is the DNA mutation? Circle the mutation. T A G G C C T G T C G A A C A G T A T C C G G A C A A C T T G T C A