Download Forms of Energy Notes

Forms of Energy
Mechanical Energy
•Think about the pass thrown by the ______________________________________.
•A football thrown by a quarterback has ________________________________________________.
•So does a moving ___________ or a trophy on a shelf.
•The form of energy associated with the position and motion of an object is called
_____________________________________________________________.
•An object’s mechanical energy is a combination of its ____________________________________
________________________________________________.
•You can find an object’s mechanical energy by ________________ the object’s kinetic energy and
potential energy.
•Mechanical Energy = _______________________________________________
•For example, a football thrown by a quarterback has both ___________________________ and
___________________________________________.
•The ___________________ the football, the _________________ its potential energy.
•The _________________ the football moves, the ___________________ its kinetic energy.
•You can _________ the potential energy and kinetic energy of the football in Figure 5 to find its
mechanical energy.
•The football has ___________________ of potential energy due to its _____________________
above the ground.
•It also has ________________________ of kinetic energy due to its ________________.
•The total mechanical energy of the football is 32 joules + 45 joules, or ________________.
•Why does the football have potential energy?
•____________________________________________________________________________________
•An object with mechanical energy can do work on another object.
•In fact, you can think of mechanical energy
as __________________________________________.
•The more mechanical energy an object
has, the __________________________________________.
Calculating Mechanical Energy
The kinetic energy of a 500-N diver during a
dive from a 10-m platform was measured.
These data are shown in the graph.
•(1) Reading Graphs: According to the graph, how much
kinetic energy does the diver have at 8 m?_______________________
•(2) Calculating: Using the graph, find the kinetic energy
of the diver at 6 m. ___________________________________________
•Then calculate the diver’s potential energy at that point.
___________________________________________________
•(3) Inferring: The mechanical energy of the diver is
the same at every height. What is the mechanical energy of the diver?
____________________________________
Other Forms of Energy
•So far in this chapter, you have read about energy that involves the ________________________
______________________________ of an object.
•But an object can have other ________________ of kinetic and potential energy.
• Most of these other forms are associated with the ____________________ that make up objects.
• These particles are far too small to see.
•Forms of energy associated with the particles of objects include _______________ energy,
__________________ energy, _________________ energy, __________________ energy, and
____________________________________________________ energy.
Thermal Energy
•All objects are made up of particles called ______________________________________________.
•Because these particles are constantly in _______________, they have ______________________.
•The _________________ the particles move, the _________________ kinetic energy they have.
•These particles are arranged in _____________________________________ in different objects.
•Therefore, they also have _______________________________.
•The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object is called __________________
_______________________.
•Look at Figure 6. Even though the lava may be flowing slowly down the volcano, its particles are
_______________________ quickly.
•Because the _______________________ have a _____________ amount of ____________________
___________________, the lava has a _____________ amount of _____________________________.
•Will the thermal energy of the lava increase or decrease as it flows away from the volcano?
•______________________________________________________________
•If you’ve ever eaten ice cream on a hot day, you’ve experienced thermal energy.
•__________________________________ particles in the _________________________ make the
particles of ice cream __________________________________.
•As the kinetic energy of the particles ____________________________, so does the thermal energy
of the ice cream.
•Eventually, the ice cream _________________.
Electrical Energy
•When you receive a _____________ from a metal doorknob, you are experiencing electrical
energy.
•_________________________________________________________________ electrical energy.
•Depending on whether the __________________________________________________________,
electrical energy can be a form of kinetic or potential energy.
•The ____________________________________ in Figure 7 is a form of electrical energy.
•You rely on electrical energy from _____________________ or electrical lines to run devices such
as ___________________, handheld games, and _______________________
Chemical Energy
•Almost everything you see, touch, or taste is composed of chemical compounds.
•Chemical compounds are made up of _________________________________________________.
•________________ between the atoms and molecules hold chemical compounds together.
•These bonds have _______________________________________.
•Chemical energy is __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________.
•Chemical energy is stored in ______________________________________ you eat, in the
_____________________ you can use to light a candle, and even in the ___________________of your
body.
•When bonds in chemical compounds ________________________, new chemical compounds may
form.
•When this happens, chemical energy __________________________________________.
•Figure 8: Chemical Energy
•The particles in these grapes contain _________________________________.
•Your body can _________________________________ after you eat them.
Nuclear Energy
•A type of potential energy called ______________________________ is stored in the
______________________ of an atom.
•Nuclear energy is ___________________________________________________________________.
•One kind of nuclear reaction, known as ________________________________________, occurs
when a nucleus __________________.
•Nuclear power plants use fission reactions to produce __________________________.
•Another kind of reaction, known as _______________________________________, occurs when the
nuclei of atoms fuse, _____________________________________________________________.
•Nuclear fusion reactions occur continuously in ________________, releasing tremendous amounts
of energy.
Electromagnetic Energy
•The sunlight that you see each day is a form of __________________________________________.
•Electromagnetic energy travels in _________________.
•These waves have some ____________________properties and some ________________________
properties.
•The _____________________________ you use to cook your food and the ____________________
doctors use to examine patients are types of electromagnetic energy.
•Other forms of electromagnetic energy include __________________________________________,
________________________________________, and ______________________________________.