Download Cell Test Study Guide Answers

Cell Test Study Guide Answers
1. What is a prokaryote? A cell without a nucleus. (Bacteria)
2. What is a eukaryote? A cell with a nucleus. (Plant and animal cells)
3. What are the 5 cellular parts that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells share?
Cytoskeleton, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, DNA
4. What are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Prokaryotes: unicellular, mobile, no nucleus
Eukaryotes: multicellular, immobile, nucleus
5. Who were the first two scientists to describe cells and what did they observe? Robert Hooke-Observed cells in
cork. Antony Van Leeuwenhoek-Observed bacteria from his mouth.
6. What are the three parts to the cell theory? All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in cells. Cells arise from existing cells.
7. What is the cell membrane made out of? A phospholipid bilayer
8. What kind of proteins are involved with the cell membranes? Transport Proteins, Receptor proteins, enzymes
9. What term describes how the cell membrane is constantly moving? Fluid Mosaic Model
10. What role do carbohydrates play in the cell membrane? Identify and mark the cell. They attach to proteins in the
cell membrane.
11. What is the function of DNA? Stores information for the cell.
12. What is the function of a ribosome? Make a protein.
13. What is the function of the cytoskeleton? Provide structure for the cell.
14. Why is it essential for a cell to have a large surface area to volume ratio? More surface area means there is more
room to move things in and out of the cell. A small volume means that not as many nutrients are needed.
15. What is diffusion. The movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Why is this
important? Nutrients can enter the cell without using any energy.
16. What is osmosis? Diffusion helps carry particles across the cell membrane. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Why is it important? Helps maintain the cell’s shape and carry nutrients
17. What is Hypertonic-The cell shrivels.
18. What is Hypotonic-The cell swells up and explodes.
19. What is Isotonic-The cell remains the same shape.
20 and 21. The cell membrane is selectively-permeable, what does that mean? It only lets certain things into the cell.
22. What is an organelle? A “mini” organ. A functioning unit of the cell.
23. Describe the function of each of the following organelles:
a. Mitochondria-Provides energy for the cell by doing cell respiration.
b. Cell membrane-Provides a boundary for the cell. Lets things in and out.
c. Nucleus-Controls the cells activity. Holds DNA.
d. Gogi Apparatus-Packages and sends proteins.
e. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Transports proteins around the cell.
f. Lysosome-Breaks down waste.
g. Cytoplasm-The liquid that fills the cell. Like the air we breathe. Allows nutrients to dissolve in it for easier
transportation.
h. Chloroplast-Does photosynthesis. Provides the cell with sugars that it can use for energy.(In plants)
i. Vacuole-Stores water in plants.
j. Ribosome-Makes proteins. In the cytoplasm and attached to the rough ER.
l. Cell wall- maintains the shape, supports and strengthens, resists water pressure, controls cell growth, regulates
metabolic processes, acts as a physical barrier, and stores carbohydrates and helps with cell to cell signaling.
24. What is active transport? Transport across the cell membrane that uses energy. Ex: sodium potassium pump.
25. What is passive transport? Transport across the cell membrane that does not use energy. Ex: Protein channels.
26. What structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have? Cell wall-protection, Chloroplast- make sugar,
Vacuoles-store water